{"type": "FeatureCollection", "properties": {"layer": "", "name": "to hear", "domain": []}, "features": [{"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 44, "ipa": "pa\u014bka  ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lPittaPitta-0", "name": "pa\u014bka {pa\u014bka} ", "description": "Blake 1979: 241. Polysemy: \u2018to hear / to listen\u2019. The only example found: \u201cI heard you laughing\u201d (Blake 1979: 206). <br/>The second candidate is n\u032aara-wa {n\u032aara-wa}, also quoted by Blake with polysemy \u2018to hear / to listen\u2019; derived from \u014bara ~ \u014bara-wa \u2018ear\u2019. ", "markup_description": "Blake 1979: 241. Polysemy: \u2018to hear / to listen\u2019. The only example found: \u201cI heard you laughing\u201d (Blake 1979: 206). <br/>The second candidate is n\u032aara-wa {n\u032aara-wa}, also quoted by Blake with polysemy \u2018to hear / to listen\u2019; derived from \u014bara ~ \u014bara-wa \u2018ear\u2019. ", "valueset_pk": 39, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 39, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lPittaPitta", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 15, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 45, "ipa": "n\u032aa\u027ea-wa ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lPittaPitta-1", "name": "n\u032aa\u027ea-wa {n\u032aara-wa}", "description": "Blake 1979: 241. Roth 1897: 37. ", "markup_description": "Blake 1979: 241. Roth 1897: 37. ", "valueset_pk": 39, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 39, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lPittaPitta", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 15, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "pa\u014bka {pa\u014bka} , n\u032aa\u027ea-wa {n\u032aara-wa}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 15, "parent_pk": 1, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "pitt1247", "ethnologue_code": "pit", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "PittaPitta", "name": "Pitta Pitta", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -22.7952, "longitude": 139.983}, "name": "Pitta Pitta"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [139.983, -22.7952]}, "id": "PittaPitta"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 395, "ipa": "\u014ba\u027ba-\u0273a ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lDieri-0", "name": "\u014ba\u027ba-\u0273a {ngar\u0331a-rna}", "description": "Austin 2013: 22. Polysemy: \u2018hear / listen\u2019.", "markup_description": "Austin 2013: 22. Polysemy: \u2018hear / listen\u2019.", "valueset_pk": 369, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 369, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lDieri", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 18, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "\u014ba\u027ba-\u0273a {ngar\u0331a-rna}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 18, "parent_pk": 3, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "dier1241", "ethnologue_code": "dif", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Dieri", "name": "Dieri", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -28.1667, "longitude": 138.0}, "name": "Dieri"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [138.0, -28.1667]}, "id": "Dieri"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1516, "ipa": "=t\u0361s\u02bceh ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lHupa-0", "name": "=c\u02bceh ", "description": "Sapir & Golla 2001: 739; Golla 1996a: 45; Golla 1970: 261. According to available sources, there are three ways in Hupa to express the semantics of hearing:      <br/><br/>\t1) The enclitic -c\u02bceh (< *-c\u02bcih) or -c\u02bciw (< *-c\u02bcih-i), attached to the clause, which denotes the perceived act, see [Golla 1970: 261; Golla 1996a: 45; Sapir & Golla 2001: 739]. The generic meaning of -c\u02bceh / -c\u02bciw is perception in general (e.g., feeling, taste), but the usual and most frequent meaning is simply 'hearing'. Examples for -c\u02bceh / -c\u02bciw 'it is heard' or 'SUBJ hears it' are numerous, e.g.: \"I hear (c\u02bceh) that bird crying; I feel (c\u02bceh) the salmon have come; I hear (c\u02bceh) Salmon's Grandmother crying\" [Golla 1984: 15, 16], \"And a kissing noise she heard (c\u02bceh)\" [Goddard 1904: 111], \"I hear (c\u02bceh) two (people)\" [Goddard 1904: 170], \"I heard (c\u02bciw) them get up\" [Golla 1984: 13, 14], \"Let me see what it was that I heard (c\u02bciw) doing something\" [Golla 1984: 19, 22], \"in that direction inside it someone was singing there she heard (c\u02bciw)\" [Golla 1984: 28], \"he sang along there she heard (c\u02bciw)\" [Golla 1984: 29], \"And he walking along a creek heard (c\u02bciw)\" [Goddard 1904: 111], \"he heard croak (c\u02bciw)\" [Goddard 1904: 112], \"it sounded he heard (c\u02bciw)\" [Goddard 1904: 144], etc.     <br/><br/>\t2) the adverb \u0294a\u014b-k\u02b8a\u0294 ~ \u0294u\u014b-k\u02b8a\u0294 (also plain k\u02b8a\u0294), glossed as 'seeing (with surprise), noticing (with surprise), unexpectedly, surprisingly, lo and behold!' [Golla 1996a: 57, 93; Sapir & Golla 2001: 752], which is applied to the act of perception (seeing, hearing, etc.). Normally \u0294a\u014b-k\u02b8a\u0294 ~ \u0294u\u014b-k\u02b8a\u0294 is used together with the word that denotes perception. Examples for \u0294a\u014b-k\u02b8a\u0294 ~ \u0294u\u014b-k\u02b8a\u0294 with -c\u02bceh / -c\u02bciw in the meaning 'SUBJ hears (it)' are numerous. E.g.: \"Then I heard (\u0294an-k\u02b8a\u0294 ... c\u02bceh) something making a cracking noise going\" [Golla 1984: 11], \"Then in the middle of the night she heard (\u0294an-k\u02b8a\u0294 ... c\u02bceh) something uncertain making a noise\" [Golla 1984: 18, 22], \"As she was coming down the ridge towards Xonsahding, she heard (\u0294an-k\u02b8a\u0294 ... c\u02bceh) people crying downstream from Xonsahding. She thought, 'I hear (c\u02bceh) something there; let me go down there'\" [Golla 1984: 21, 23], \"Inside it she heard (\u0294an=k\u02b8a\u0294 ... c\u02bceh) someone was singing\" [Golla 1984: 28], \"He was surprised to hear (\u0294un-k\u02b8a\u0294 ... c\u02bceh) someone splitting logs\" [Goddard 1904: 108], \"As he walked along he heard (\u0294un-k\u02b8a\u0294 ... c\u02bciw) laughing\" [Goddard 1904: 109], \"In a hollow tree she heard (\u0294un-k\u02b8a\u0294 ... c\u02bceh) a baby rolling around\" [Goddard 1904: 157], \"when they came they heard (\u0294un=k\u02b8a\u0294 ... c\u02bceh) talking\" [Goddard 1904: 170], etc. Sometimes the second element of the collocation \u0294a\u014b-k\u02b8a\u0294 ... -c\u02bceh / -c\u02bciw can be omitted; two examples are found with the semantics of hearing: \"Then she heard (\u0294un-k\u02b8a\u0294) a baby crying\" [Goddard 1904: 135], \"he heard (\u0294un-k\u02b8a\u0294) here he came running\" [Goddard 1904: 360].   <br/><br/>\t3) Finally, there is a predicative way to express the semantics of hearing with the verbs =ya 'to move' or =\u0294a 'to extend': the descriptive collocations POSSR=e\u02d0ta\u0294ay =ya 'smb.'s head moves to' [Golla 1996a: 45] and POSSR=e\u02d0ta\u0294ay =\u0294a 'smb.'s head extends to'. Four examples have been found: \"it was midnight and he heard (POSSR=e\u02d0ta\u0294ay =ya) a jingling noise he heard (c\u02bciw)\" [Goddard 1904: 293], \"She heard (POSSR=e\u02d0ta\u0294ay =ya) no longer the sound of the games and the talk of the Kixunai\" [Goddard 1904: 306, 308], \"She did not hear (POSSR=e\u02d0ta\u0294ay =ya) their talk\" [Goddard 1904: 307, 309], \"Then she heard (POSSR=e\u02d0ta\u0294ay =\u0294a) (something)\" [Golla 1984: 28].     <br/><br/>\tThe statistical analysis clearly shows that the most common way to express the semantics of hearing is the enclitic -c\u02bceh / -c\u02bciw. <br/><br/>\tThe suppletive nasal counterpart =c\u02bca\u0294n (< perfective *c\u02bca-n-\u0294-i) functions as an inflected verb with the passive meaning 'to sound, be heard' [Sapir & Golla 2001: 737; Golla 1996a: 45].   <br/><br/>\tCf. also a separate verb =ni\u028d 'to hear about smth.' [Sapir & Golla 2001: 779; Golla 1996a: 45].", "markup_description": "Sapir & Golla 2001: 739; Golla 1996a: 45; Golla 1970: 261. According to available sources, there are three ways in Hupa to express the semantics of hearing:      <br/><br/>\t1) The enclitic -c\u02bceh (< *-c\u02bcih) or -c\u02bciw (< *-c\u02bcih-i), attached to the clause, which denotes the perceived act, see [Golla 1970: 261; Golla 1996a: 45; Sapir & Golla 2001: 739]. The generic meaning of -c\u02bceh / -c\u02bciw is perception in general (e.g., feeling, taste), but the usual and most frequent meaning is simply 'hearing'. Examples for -c\u02bceh / -c\u02bciw 'it is heard' or 'SUBJ hears it' are numerous, e.g.: \"I hear (c\u02bceh) that bird crying; I feel (c\u02bceh) the salmon have come; I hear (c\u02bceh) Salmon's Grandmother crying\" [Golla 1984: 15, 16], \"And a kissing noise she heard (c\u02bceh)\" [Goddard 1904: 111], \"I hear (c\u02bceh) two (people)\" [Goddard 1904: 170], \"I heard (c\u02bciw) them get up\" [Golla 1984: 13, 14], \"Let me see what it was that I heard (c\u02bciw) doing something\" [Golla 1984: 19, 22], \"in that direction inside it someone was singing there she heard (c\u02bciw)\" [Golla 1984: 28], \"he sang along there she heard (c\u02bciw)\" [Golla 1984: 29], \"And he walking along a creek heard (c\u02bciw)\" [Goddard 1904: 111], \"he heard croak (c\u02bciw)\" [Goddard 1904: 112], \"it sounded he heard (c\u02bciw)\" [Goddard 1904: 144], etc.     <br/><br/>\t2) the adverb \u0294a\u014b-k\u02b8a\u0294 ~ \u0294u\u014b-k\u02b8a\u0294 (also plain k\u02b8a\u0294), glossed as 'seeing (with surprise), noticing (with surprise), unexpectedly, surprisingly, lo and behold!' [Golla 1996a: 57, 93; Sapir & Golla 2001: 752], which is applied to the act of perception (seeing, hearing, etc.). Normally \u0294a\u014b-k\u02b8a\u0294 ~ \u0294u\u014b-k\u02b8a\u0294 is used together with the word that denotes perception. Examples for \u0294a\u014b-k\u02b8a\u0294 ~ \u0294u\u014b-k\u02b8a\u0294 with -c\u02bceh / -c\u02bciw in the meaning 'SUBJ hears (it)' are numerous. E.g.: \"Then I heard (\u0294an-k\u02b8a\u0294 ... c\u02bceh) something making a cracking noise going\" [Golla 1984: 11], \"Then in the middle of the night she heard (\u0294an-k\u02b8a\u0294 ... c\u02bceh) something uncertain making a noise\" [Golla 1984: 18, 22], \"As she was coming down the ridge towards Xonsahding, she heard (\u0294an-k\u02b8a\u0294 ... c\u02bceh) people crying downstream from Xonsahding. She thought, 'I hear (c\u02bceh) something there; let me go down there'\" [Golla 1984: 21, 23], \"Inside it she heard (\u0294an=k\u02b8a\u0294 ... c\u02bceh) someone was singing\" [Golla 1984: 28], \"He was surprised to hear (\u0294un-k\u02b8a\u0294 ... c\u02bceh) someone splitting logs\" [Goddard 1904: 108], \"As he walked along he heard (\u0294un-k\u02b8a\u0294 ... c\u02bciw) laughing\" [Goddard 1904: 109], \"In a hollow tree she heard (\u0294un-k\u02b8a\u0294 ... c\u02bceh) a baby rolling around\" [Goddard 1904: 157], \"when they came they heard (\u0294un=k\u02b8a\u0294 ... c\u02bceh) talking\" [Goddard 1904: 170], etc. Sometimes the second element of the collocation \u0294a\u014b-k\u02b8a\u0294 ... -c\u02bceh / -c\u02bciw can be omitted; two examples are found with the semantics of hearing: \"Then she heard (\u0294un-k\u02b8a\u0294) a baby crying\" [Goddard 1904: 135], \"he heard (\u0294un-k\u02b8a\u0294) here he came running\" [Goddard 1904: 360].   <br/><br/>\t3) Finally, there is a predicative way to express the semantics of hearing with the verbs =ya 'to move' or =\u0294a 'to extend': the descriptive collocations POSSR=e\u02d0ta\u0294ay =ya 'smb.'s head moves to' [Golla 1996a: 45] and POSSR=e\u02d0ta\u0294ay =\u0294a 'smb.'s head extends to'. Four examples have been found: \"it was midnight and he heard (POSSR=e\u02d0ta\u0294ay =ya) a jingling noise he heard (c\u02bciw)\" [Goddard 1904: 293], \"She heard (POSSR=e\u02d0ta\u0294ay =ya) no longer the sound of the games and the talk of the Kixunai\" [Goddard 1904: 306, 308], \"She did not hear (POSSR=e\u02d0ta\u0294ay =ya) their talk\" [Goddard 1904: 307, 309], \"Then she heard (POSSR=e\u02d0ta\u0294ay =\u0294a) (something)\" [Golla 1984: 28].     <br/><br/>\tThe statistical analysis clearly shows that the most common way to express the semantics of hearing is the enclitic -c\u02bceh / -c\u02bciw. <br/><br/>\tThe suppletive nasal counterpart =c\u02bca\u0294n (< perfective *c\u02bca-n-\u0294-i) functions as an inflected verb with the passive meaning 'to sound, be heard' [Sapir & Golla 2001: 737; Golla 1996a: 45].   <br/><br/>\tCf. also a separate verb =ni\u028d 'to hear about smth.' [Sapir & Golla 2001: 779; Golla 1996a: 45].", "valueset_pk": 1163, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1163, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lHupa", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 19, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1535, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lHupa-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1163, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1163, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lHupa", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 19, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1554, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lHupa-2", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1163, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1163, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lHupa", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 19, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=c\u02bceh , N/A, N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 19, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "hupa1239", "ethnologue_code": "hup", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Hupa", "name": "Hupa", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.0982, "longitude": -123.68}, "name": "Hupa"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-123.68, 41.0982]}, "id": "Hupa"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1517, "ipa": "=nix ~ =ni-t", "cognate_class": 3, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lMattole-0", "name": "=nix ~ =ni-t", "description": "Li 1930: 96. Imperfective stem; the perfective stem is =ni-t. <br/><br/>\tTwo Mattole verbs for 'to hear' are quoted in [Li 1930]: =nix and =c\u02bceh. The semantic difference between them is unclear (both are illustrated with examples like \"I hear it\"). We treat these verbs as synonyms. <br/><br/>\tBear River dialect: not attested.", "markup_description": "Li 1930: 96. Imperfective stem; the perfective stem is =ni-t. <br/><br/>\tTwo Mattole verbs for 'to hear' are quoted in [Li 1930]: =nix and =c\u02bceh. The semantic difference between them is unclear (both are illustrated with examples like \"I hear it\"). We treat these verbs as synonyms. <br/><br/>\tBear River dialect: not attested.", "valueset_pk": 1164, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1164, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lMattole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 20, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1536, "ipa": "=t\u0361s\u02bci\u0263 ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lMattole-1", "name": "=c\u02bci\u0263 ", "description": "Li 1930: 11, 50, 57 sub No. 20, 110. The imperfective stems are =c\u02bceh < *=c\u02bcex and =c\u02bci\u0263 < *=c\u02bcex-i [Li 1930: 23]; the suppletive perfective stem is =c\u02bca\u02d0\u0294n < *=c\u02bcan-\u0294-i (for such a morphological pattern see [Li 1930: 29]). The separate verb for 'to listen' is based on the n-variant: imperfective =c\u02bca\u014b < *=c\u02bcan and =c\u02bca\u02d0n < *=c\u02bcan-i, perfective =c\u02bca\u02d0\u0294n < *=c\u02bcan-\u0294-i [Li 1930: 110].", "markup_description": "Li 1930: 11, 50, 57 sub No. 20, 110. The imperfective stems are =c\u02bceh < *=c\u02bcex and =c\u02bci\u0263 < *=c\u02bcex-i [Li 1930: 23]; the suppletive perfective stem is =c\u02bca\u02d0\u0294n < *=c\u02bcan-\u0294-i (for such a morphological pattern see [Li 1930: 29]). The separate verb for 'to listen' is based on the n-variant: imperfective =c\u02bca\u014b < *=c\u02bcan and =c\u02bca\u02d0n < *=c\u02bcan-i, perfective =c\u02bca\u02d0\u0294n < *=c\u02bcan-\u0294-i [Li 1930: 110].", "valueset_pk": 1164, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1164, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lMattole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 20, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1555, "ipa": "=t\u0361s\u02bca\u02d0\u0294n ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lMattole-2", "name": "=c\u02bca\u02d0\u0294n ", "description": "Perfective.", "markup_description": "Perfective.", "valueset_pk": 1164, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1164, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lMattole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 20, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=nix ~ =ni-t, =c\u02bci\u0263 , =c\u02bca\u02d0\u0294n ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 20, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "matt1238", "ethnologue_code": "mvb", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Mattole", "name": "Mattole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 40.4321, "longitude": -122.863}, "name": "Mattole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-122.863, 40.4321]}, "id": "Mattole"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1518, "ipa": "=t\u0361s\u02bce-\u0263 ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lKato-0", "name": "=c\u02bce-\u0263 ", "description": "Goddard 1912: 73. The imperfective stems are =c\u02bceh < *=c\u02bcex and =c\u02bce\u0263 < *=c\u02bcex-i. The suppletive perfective stem is =c\u02bcan ~ =c\u02b0a\u014b ~ =sa\u014b [Goddard 1912: 73; Goddard 1909: 106 No. 9]. Polysemy: 'to hear / to listen'. Note the sporadic shift c\u02bc > c\u02b0 in the perfective stem.", "markup_description": "Goddard 1912: 73. The imperfective stems are =c\u02bceh < *=c\u02bcex and =c\u02bce\u0263 < *=c\u02bcex-i. The suppletive perfective stem is =c\u02bcan ~ =c\u02b0a\u014b ~ =sa\u014b [Goddard 1912: 73; Goddard 1909: 106 No. 9]. Polysemy: 'to hear / to listen'. Note the sporadic shift c\u02bc > c\u02b0 in the perfective stem.", "valueset_pk": 1165, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1165, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lKato", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 21, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1537, "ipa": "=t\u0361s\u02bcan ~ =t\u0361s\u02b0a\u014b ~ =sa\u014b", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lKato-1", "name": "=c\u02bcan ~ =c\u02b0a\u014b ~ =sa\u014b", "description": "Perfective.", "markup_description": "Perfective.", "valueset_pk": 1165, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1165, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lKato", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 21, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1556, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lKato-2", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1165, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1165, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lKato", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 21, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=c\u02bce-\u0263 , =c\u02bcan ~ =c\u02b0a\u014b ~ =sa\u014b, N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 21, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "kato1244", "ethnologue_code": "ktw", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Kato", "name": "Kato", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 39.7002, "longitude": -123.432}, "name": "Kato"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-123.432, 39.7002]}, "id": "Kato"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1519, "ipa": "=t\u0361s\u02bce\u02d0 ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lTaldashGalice-0", "name": "=c\u02bce\u02d0 ", "description": "Ho\u0133er 1973: 70 No. 269; Ho\u0133er 1956: 223. Suppletive paradigm: =c\u02bce\u02d0 [imperf.] / =c\u02bc\u00e3-\u0294 < *=c\u02bcan-\u0294 [perf.]. The separate verb for 'to listen' is based on the n-root: =c\u02bc\u00e3\u02d0 [imperf.] / =c\u02bc\u00e3-\u0294 [imperf.], see [Ho\u0133er 1973: 70 No. 268].", "markup_description": "Ho\u0133er 1973: 70 No. 269; Ho\u0133er 1956: 223. Suppletive paradigm: =c\u02bce\u02d0 [imperf.] / =c\u02bc\u00e3-\u0294 < *=c\u02bcan-\u0294 [perf.]. The separate verb for 'to listen' is based on the n-root: =c\u02bc\u00e3\u02d0 [imperf.] / =c\u02bc\u00e3-\u0294 [imperf.], see [Ho\u0133er 1973: 70 No. 268].", "valueset_pk": 1166, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1166, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lTaldashGalice", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 22, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1538, "ipa": "=t\u0361s\u02bc\u00e3-\u0294 ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lTaldashGalice-1", "name": "=c\u02bc\u00e3-\u0294 ", "description": "Perfective.", "markup_description": "Perfective.", "valueset_pk": 1166, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1166, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lTaldashGalice", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 22, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1557, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lTaldashGalice-2", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1166, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1166, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lTaldashGalice", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 22, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=c\u02bce\u02d0 , =c\u02bc\u00e3-\u0294 , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 22, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "gali1261", "ethnologue_code": "gce", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "TaldashGalice", "name": "Taldash Galice", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 45.3914, "longitude": -120.75}, "name": "Taldash Galice"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-120.75, 45.3914]}, "id": "TaldashGalice"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1520, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": -1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lUpperInletTanaina-0", "name": "N/A", "description": "Not attested.", "markup_description": "Not attested.", "valueset_pk": 1167, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1167, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lUpperInletTanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 23, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1539, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lUpperInletTanaina-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1167, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1167, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lUpperInletTanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 23, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1558, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lUpperInletTanaina-2", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1167, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1167, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lUpperInletTanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 23, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "N/A, N/A, N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 23, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "tana1289", "ethnologue_code": "tfn", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "UpperInletTanaina", "name": "Upper Inlet Tanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 60.4712, "longitude": -150.759}, "name": "Upper Inlet Tanaina"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-150.759, 60.4712]}, "id": "UpperInletTanaina"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1521, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": -1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lOuterInletTanaina-0", "name": "N/A", "description": "Not attested properly. The only known context is: \"we heard news from home\", where the verb =n\u0259x is used [Boraas 2010: 47].", "markup_description": "Not attested properly. The only known context is: \"we heard news from home\", where the verb =n\u0259x is used [Boraas 2010: 47].", "valueset_pk": 1168, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1168, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lOuterInletTanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 24, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1540, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lOuterInletTanaina-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1168, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1168, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lOuterInletTanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 24, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1559, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lOuterInletTanaina-2", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1168, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1168, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lOuterInletTanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 24, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "N/A, N/A, N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 24, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "tana1289", "ethnologue_code": "tfn", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "OuterInletTanaina", "name": "Outer Inlet Tanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 60.4712, "longitude": -150.759}, "name": "Outer Inlet Tanaina"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-150.759, 60.4712]}, "id": "OuterInletTanaina"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1522, "ipa": "=n\u0259x ", "cognate_class": 3, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lInlandTanaina-0", "name": "=n\u0259x ", "description": "Wassillie 1979: 49, 59. Cf. also the examples: \"they heard him\" [Tenenbaum 1978: 148], \"I heard something\" [Tenenbaum 1978: 190]. Polysemy: 'to hear / to listen'. Paradigm: =n\u0259x [imperf.] / =nik [perf.].\nCommon Tanaina notes: Cf. =n\u0259x [imperf.] / =n\u0259k [perf.] 'to hear' in the examples from Lovick's fieldwork (dialect is not specified): \"I can't hear him\" [Lovick 2005: 68 ex. 3.3a-b], \"I heard them\" [Lovick 2005: 185 ex. 5.21b].", "markup_description": "Wassillie 1979: 49, 59. Cf. also the examples: \"they heard him\" [Tenenbaum 1978: 148], \"I heard something\" [Tenenbaum 1978: 190]. Polysemy: 'to hear / to listen'. Paradigm: =n\u0259x [imperf.] / =nik [perf.].\nCommon Tanaina notes: Cf. =n\u0259x [imperf.] / =n\u0259k [perf.] 'to hear' in the examples from Lovick's fieldwork (dialect is not specified): \"I can't hear him\" [Lovick 2005: 68 ex. 3.3a-b], \"I heard them\" [Lovick 2005: 185 ex. 5.21b].", "valueset_pk": 1169, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1169, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lInlandTanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 25, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1541, "ipa": "=nik", "cognate_class": 3, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lInlandTanaina-1", "name": "=nik", "description": "Perfective.\nCommon Tanaina notes: nan", "markup_description": "Perfective.\nCommon Tanaina notes: nan", "valueset_pk": 1169, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1169, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lInlandTanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 25, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1560, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lInlandTanaina-2", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan\nCommon Tanaina notes: nan", "markup_description": "nan\nCommon Tanaina notes: nan", "valueset_pk": 1169, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1169, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lInlandTanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 25, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=n\u0259x , =nik, N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 25, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "tana1289", "ethnologue_code": "tfn", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "InlandTanaina", "name": "Inland Tanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 60.4712, "longitude": -150.759}, "name": "Inland Tanaina"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-150.759, 60.4712]}, "id": "InlandTanaina"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1523, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": -1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lIliamnaTanaina-0", "name": "N/A", "description": "Not attested.\nCommon Tanaina notes: Cf. =n\u0259x [imperf.] / =n\u0259k [perf.] 'to hear' in the examples from Lovick's fieldwork (dialect is not specified): \"I can't hear him\" [Lovick 2005: 68 ex. 3.3a-b], \"I heard them\" [Lovick 2005: 185 ex. 5.21b].", "markup_description": "Not attested.\nCommon Tanaina notes: Cf. =n\u0259x [imperf.] / =n\u0259k [perf.] 'to hear' in the examples from Lovick's fieldwork (dialect is not specified): \"I can't hear him\" [Lovick 2005: 68 ex. 3.3a-b], \"I heard them\" [Lovick 2005: 185 ex. 5.21b].", "valueset_pk": 1170, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1170, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lIliamnaTanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 26, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1542, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lIliamnaTanaina-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan\nCommon Tanaina notes: nan", "markup_description": "nan\nCommon Tanaina notes: nan", "valueset_pk": 1170, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1170, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lIliamnaTanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 26, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1561, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lIliamnaTanaina-2", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan\nCommon Tanaina notes: nan", "markup_description": "nan\nCommon Tanaina notes: nan", "valueset_pk": 1170, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1170, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lIliamnaTanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 26, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "N/A, N/A, N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 26, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "tana1289", "ethnologue_code": "tfn", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "IliamnaTanaina", "name": "Iliamna Tanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 60.4712, "longitude": -150.759}, "name": "Iliamna Tanaina"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-150.759, 60.4712]}, "id": "IliamnaTanaina"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1524, "ipa": "=t\u0361s\u02bca\u02d0n ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lCentralAhtena-0", "name": "=c\u02bca\u02d0n ", "description": "Kari 1990: 399, 534.   <br/><br/>\tLower Ahtena: =c\u02bca\u02d0n [Kari 1990: 399, 534].   <br/><br/>\tWestern Ahtena: =c\u02bca\u02d0n [Kari 1990: 399, 534].\nCommon Ahtena notes: In [Kari 1990: 399], the momentaneous aspect sub-paradigm =c\u02bci\u02d0-s [imperf.] / =c\u02bca\u02d0n [perf.] is quoted with the polysemy: 'to hear / to listen / to understand', whereas the suppletive neutral aspect imperfect =c\u02bcaq [imperf.] is glossed specifically 'to listen to, understand'. Examples for the meaning 'to hear' (momentaneous aspect): \"I heard you\", \"he heard a shot\", \"he didn't hear anything\", etc.   <br/><br/>\tThere is also a second expression for 'to hear' (all dialects?): OBJ=e=ta=t=0=ni\u02d0k\u02b8 with two examples \"we hear a noise up above\", \"I heard a noise\" [Kari 1990: 309, 534]. This contains the very common and productive verbal root =ni\u02d0-s [imperf.] / =ni\u02d0k\u02b8 [perf.], which, among its other meanings, expresses various aspects of feeling and sensing [Kari 1990: 306 ff.].", "markup_description": "Kari 1990: 399, 534.   <br/><br/>\tLower Ahtena: =c\u02bca\u02d0n [Kari 1990: 399, 534].   <br/><br/>\tWestern Ahtena: =c\u02bca\u02d0n [Kari 1990: 399, 534].\nCommon Ahtena notes: In [Kari 1990: 399], the momentaneous aspect sub-paradigm =c\u02bci\u02d0-s [imperf.] / =c\u02bca\u02d0n [perf.] is quoted with the polysemy: 'to hear / to listen / to understand', whereas the suppletive neutral aspect imperfect =c\u02bcaq [imperf.] is glossed specifically 'to listen to, understand'. Examples for the meaning 'to hear' (momentaneous aspect): \"I heard you\", \"he heard a shot\", \"he didn't hear anything\", etc.   <br/><br/>\tThere is also a second expression for 'to hear' (all dialects?): OBJ=e=ta=t=0=ni\u02d0k\u02b8 with two examples \"we hear a noise up above\", \"I heard a noise\" [Kari 1990: 309, 534]. This contains the very common and productive verbal root =ni\u02d0-s [imperf.] / =ni\u02d0k\u02b8 [perf.], which, among its other meanings, expresses various aspects of feeling and sensing [Kari 1990: 306 ff.].", "valueset_pk": 1171, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1171, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lCentralAhtena", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 27, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1543, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lCentralAhtena-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan\nCommon Ahtena notes: nan", "markup_description": "nan\nCommon Ahtena notes: nan", "valueset_pk": 1171, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1171, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lCentralAhtena", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 27, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1562, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lCentralAhtena-2", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan\nCommon Ahtena notes: nan", "markup_description": "nan\nCommon Ahtena notes: nan", "valueset_pk": 1171, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1171, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lCentralAhtena", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 27, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=c\u02bca\u02d0n , N/A, N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 27, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "ahte1237", "ethnologue_code": "aht", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "CentralAhtena", "name": "Central Ahtena", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 61.7068, "longitude": -144.889}, "name": "Central Ahtena"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-144.889, 61.7068]}, "id": "CentralAhtena"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1525, "ipa": "=t\u0361s\u02bc\u00e3\u02d0 ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lMentastaAhtena-0", "name": "=c\u02bc\u00e3\u02d0 ", "description": "Kari 1990: 399, 534.\nCommon Ahtena notes: In [Kari 1990: 399], the momentaneous aspect sub-paradigm =c\u02bci\u02d0-s [imperf.] / =c\u02bca\u02d0n [perf.] is quoted with the polysemy: 'to hear / to listen / to understand', whereas the suppletive neutral aspect imperfect =c\u02bcaq [imperf.] is glossed specifically 'to listen to, understand'. Examples for the meaning 'to hear' (momentaneous aspect): \"I heard you\", \"he heard a shot\", \"he didn't hear anything\", etc.   <br/><br/>\tThere is also a second expression for 'to hear' (all dialects?): OBJ=e=ta=t=0=ni\u02d0k\u02b8 with two examples \"we hear a noise up above\", \"I heard a noise\" [Kari 1990: 309, 534]. This contains the very common and productive verbal root =ni\u02d0-s [imperf.] / =ni\u02d0k\u02b8 [perf.], which, among its other meanings, expresses various aspects of feeling and sensing [Kari 1990: 306 ff.].", "markup_description": "Kari 1990: 399, 534.\nCommon Ahtena notes: In [Kari 1990: 399], the momentaneous aspect sub-paradigm =c\u02bci\u02d0-s [imperf.] / =c\u02bca\u02d0n [perf.] is quoted with the polysemy: 'to hear / to listen / to understand', whereas the suppletive neutral aspect imperfect =c\u02bcaq [imperf.] is glossed specifically 'to listen to, understand'. Examples for the meaning 'to hear' (momentaneous aspect): \"I heard you\", \"he heard a shot\", \"he didn't hear anything\", etc.   <br/><br/>\tThere is also a second expression for 'to hear' (all dialects?): OBJ=e=ta=t=0=ni\u02d0k\u02b8 with two examples \"we hear a noise up above\", \"I heard a noise\" [Kari 1990: 309, 534]. This contains the very common and productive verbal root =ni\u02d0-s [imperf.] / =ni\u02d0k\u02b8 [perf.], which, among its other meanings, expresses various aspects of feeling and sensing [Kari 1990: 306 ff.].", "valueset_pk": 1172, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1172, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lMentastaAhtena", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 28, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1544, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lMentastaAhtena-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan\nCommon Ahtena notes: nan", "markup_description": "nan\nCommon Ahtena notes: nan", "valueset_pk": 1172, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1172, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lMentastaAhtena", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 28, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1563, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lMentastaAhtena-2", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan\nCommon Ahtena notes: nan", "markup_description": "nan\nCommon Ahtena notes: nan", "valueset_pk": 1172, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1172, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lMentastaAhtena", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 28, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=c\u02bc\u00e3\u02d0 , N/A, N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 28, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "ahte1237", "ethnologue_code": "aht", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "MentastaAhtena", "name": "Mentasta Ahtena", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 61.7068, "longitude": -144.889}, "name": "Mentasta Ahtena"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-144.889, 61.7068]}, "id": "MentastaAhtena"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1526, "ipa": "=k\u02bc\u02b7\u1e4d ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lDogrib-0", "name": "=k\u02bc\u02b7\u1e4d ", "description": "Saxon & Siemens 1996: 26, 125, 175. Polysemy: 'to hear / to hear of / to listen / to understand'. Cf. the examples for 'to hear': \"We hear him\" [Saxon & Siemens 1996: 26], \"Yesterday I heard my younger brother talking to his little brother\" [Saxon & Siemens 1996: 125].", "markup_description": "Saxon & Siemens 1996: 26, 125, 175. Polysemy: 'to hear / to hear of / to listen / to understand'. Cf. the examples for 'to hear': \"We hear him\" [Saxon & Siemens 1996: 26], \"Yesterday I heard my younger brother talking to his little brother\" [Saxon & Siemens 1996: 125].", "valueset_pk": 1173, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1173, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lDogrib", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 29, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1545, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lDogrib-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1173, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1173, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lDogrib", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 29, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1564, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lDogrib-2", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1173, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1173, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lDogrib", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 29, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=k\u02bc\u02b7\u1e4d , N/A, N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 29, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "dogr1252", "ethnologue_code": "dgr", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Dogrib", "name": "Dogrib", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 63.17, "longitude": -117.25}, "name": "Dogrib"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-117.25, 63.17]}, "id": "Dogrib"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1527, "ipa": "=h=\u0294\u00f5\u0300 ~ =h=w\u02bc\u00f5\u0300 ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lNorthSlaveyHare-0", "name": "=h=\u0294\u00f5\u0300 ~ =h=w\u02bc\u00f5\u0300 ", "description": "Rice 1978: 380, 409, 510. Paradigm: =h=\u0294\u0129\u0300 ~ =h=w\u02bc\u0129\u0300 [imperf.] / =h=\u0294\u00f5\u0300 ~ =h=w\u02bc\u00f5\u0300 [perf.]. In [Ho\u0133er 1956: 222], the 19th c. archaic variant =k\u02bc\u02b7ey is quoted, which apparently corresponds to modern =h=\u0294\u0129\u0300 ~ =h=w\u02bc\u0129\u0300. Polysemy: 'to hear / to hear about / to listen'. Cf. the examples: \"I heard him singing\", \"Listen to me\", \"You shouldn't listen to histories\" [Rice 1978: 380], \"we heard crying\", \"we heard voices\" [Rice 1989: 182], \"I was sure I heard a knock on the door\" [Rice 1989: 362], \"we heard someone singing in there\" [Rice 1989: 1226], \"I can't hear well\" [Rice 1989: 1101], \"I heard you talking outside\" [Rice 1989: 1231], \"did you hear where he is living?\" [Rice 1989: 1245], \"I heard that she sings well\" [Rice 1989: 1247], \"I heard that he is living in Colville Lake\" [Rice 1989: 1251].  <br/><br/>\tDistinct from the rarely used verb =\u019b\u00ec which is glossed as 'to hear the sound of' [Rice 1978: 423] with the following examples: \"I heard someone coming\", \"I heard her singing\" [Rice 1978: 246], \"I hear the grouse dancing\" [Rice 1978: 202].", "markup_description": "Rice 1978: 380, 409, 510. Paradigm: =h=\u0294\u0129\u0300 ~ =h=w\u02bc\u0129\u0300 [imperf.] / =h=\u0294\u00f5\u0300 ~ =h=w\u02bc\u00f5\u0300 [perf.]. In [Ho\u0133er 1956: 222], the 19th c. archaic variant =k\u02bc\u02b7ey is quoted, which apparently corresponds to modern =h=\u0294\u0129\u0300 ~ =h=w\u02bc\u0129\u0300. Polysemy: 'to hear / to hear about / to listen'. Cf. the examples: \"I heard him singing\", \"Listen to me\", \"You shouldn't listen to histories\" [Rice 1978: 380], \"we heard crying\", \"we heard voices\" [Rice 1989: 182], \"I was sure I heard a knock on the door\" [Rice 1989: 362], \"we heard someone singing in there\" [Rice 1989: 1226], \"I can't hear well\" [Rice 1989: 1101], \"I heard you talking outside\" [Rice 1989: 1231], \"did you hear where he is living?\" [Rice 1989: 1245], \"I heard that she sings well\" [Rice 1989: 1247], \"I heard that he is living in Colville Lake\" [Rice 1989: 1251].  <br/><br/>\tDistinct from the rarely used verb =\u019b\u00ec which is glossed as 'to hear the sound of' [Rice 1978: 423] with the following examples: \"I heard someone coming\", \"I heard her singing\" [Rice 1978: 246], \"I hear the grouse dancing\" [Rice 1978: 202].", "valueset_pk": 1174, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1174, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lNorthSlaveyHare", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 30, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1546, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lNorthSlaveyHare-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1174, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1174, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lNorthSlaveyHare", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 30, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1565, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lNorthSlaveyHare-2", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1174, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1174, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lNorthSlaveyHare", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 30, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=h=\u0294\u00f5\u0300 ~ =h=w\u02bc\u00f5\u0300 , N/A, N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 30, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "nort2942", "ethnologue_code": "scs", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "NorthSlaveyHare", "name": "North Slavey (Hare)", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 63.5, "longitude": -125.67}, "name": "North Slavey (Hare)"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-125.67, 63.5]}, "id": "NorthSlaveyHare"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1528, "ipa": "=t\u03b8\u02bc\u00e8k", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lTanacross-0", "name": "=t\u03b8\u02bc\u00e8k", "description": "Arnold et al. 2009: 144; Holton 2000: 350; Shinen 1958: 43. Polysemy: 'to hear / to listen'; for 'to listen', cf. the example \"I'm listening to something\" [Holton 2000: 253].  <br/><br/>\tA second verb for 'to listen' is c\u00ed\u02d0-...-\u0294\u00e0h [Arnold et al. 2009: 166], literally 'to extend the inner ear' with POSSR=c\u00ec\u02d0 'inner ear, hearing' [Arnold et al. 2009: 106; Holton 2000: 344].", "markup_description": "Arnold et al. 2009: 144; Holton 2000: 350; Shinen 1958: 43. Polysemy: 'to hear / to listen'; for 'to listen', cf. the example \"I'm listening to something\" [Holton 2000: 253].  <br/><br/>\tA second verb for 'to listen' is c\u00ed\u02d0-...-\u0294\u00e0h [Arnold et al. 2009: 166], literally 'to extend the inner ear' with POSSR=c\u00ec\u02d0 'inner ear, hearing' [Arnold et al. 2009: 106; Holton 2000: 344].", "valueset_pk": 1175, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1175, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lTanacross", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 31, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1547, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lTanacross-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1175, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1175, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lTanacross", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 31, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1566, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lTanacross-2", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1175, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1175, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lTanacross", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 31, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=t\u03b8\u02bc\u00e8k, N/A, N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 31, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "tana1290", "ethnologue_code": "tcb", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Tanacross", "name": "Tanacross", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 63.4046, "longitude": -143.338}, "name": "Tanacross"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-143.338, 63.4046]}, "id": "Tanacross"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1529, "ipa": "=t\u03b8\u02bcak", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lUpperTananaTetlin-0", "name": "=t\u03b8\u02bcak", "description": "Milanowski 2009: 98, 100. Polysemy: 'to hear / to listen'.", "markup_description": "Milanowski 2009: 98, 100. Polysemy: 'to hear / to listen'.", "valueset_pk": 1176, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1176, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lUpperTananaTetlin", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 32, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1548, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lUpperTananaTetlin-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1176, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1176, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lUpperTananaTetlin", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 32, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1567, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lUpperTananaTetlin-2", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1176, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1176, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lUpperTananaTetlin", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 32, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=t\u03b8\u02bcak, N/A, N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 32, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "uppe1437", "ethnologue_code": "tau", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "UpperTananaTetlin", "name": "Upper Tanana (Tetlin)", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 62.6867, "longitude": -141.37}, "name": "Upper Tanana (Tetlin)"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-141.37, 62.6867]}, "id": "UpperTananaTetlin"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1530, "ipa": "=\u026c=t\u03b8\u02bc\u028cn\u0325 ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lLowerTananaMinto-0", "name": "=\u026c=t\u03b8\u02bc\u028cn\u0325 ", "description": "Kari 1994: 319, 417; Tuttle 2009: 98, 120. Polysemy: 'to hear / to listen / to understand'. Paradigm: =\u026c=t\u1dbf\u02bc\u028cn\u0325 [imperf.] / =\u026c=t\u1dbf\u02bc\u028cn-\u0294 [perf.] / =\u026c=t\u1dbf\u02bci-\u026c [fut.].  <br/><br/>\tDistinct from the more rare and specific verb OBJ=...=nik glossed with polysemy: 'to hear the sound of obj. / to make a noise' [Kari 1994: 216].  <br/><br/>\tDistinct from =t\u1dbf\u02bc\u0259k 'to listen / to understand' [Kari 1994: 320, 431].", "markup_description": "Kari 1994: 319, 417; Tuttle 2009: 98, 120. Polysemy: 'to hear / to listen / to understand'. Paradigm: =\u026c=t\u1dbf\u02bc\u028cn\u0325 [imperf.] / =\u026c=t\u1dbf\u02bc\u028cn-\u0294 [perf.] / =\u026c=t\u1dbf\u02bci-\u026c [fut.].  <br/><br/>\tDistinct from the more rare and specific verb OBJ=...=nik glossed with polysemy: 'to hear the sound of obj. / to make a noise' [Kari 1994: 216].  <br/><br/>\tDistinct from =t\u1dbf\u02bc\u0259k 'to listen / to understand' [Kari 1994: 320, 431].", "valueset_pk": 1177, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1177, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lLowerTananaMinto", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 33, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1549, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lLowerTananaMinto-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1177, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1177, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lLowerTananaMinto", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 33, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1568, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lLowerTananaMinto-2", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1177, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1177, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lLowerTananaMinto", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 33, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=\u026c=t\u03b8\u02bc\u028cn\u0325 , N/A, N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 33, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "lowe1425", "ethnologue_code": "taa", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "LowerTananaMinto", "name": "Lower Tanana (Minto)", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 64.8834, "longitude": -149.451}, "name": "Lower Tanana (Minto)"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-149.451, 64.8834]}, "id": "LowerTananaMinto"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1531, "ipa": "=t\u0361s\u032a\u02bco ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lCentralCarrier-0", "name": "=c\u032a\u02bco ", "description": "Poser 1998/2013: 752, 1223, 1263; Antoine et al. 1974: 312. Cf. the cognate verb =\u026c=c\u032a\u02bcai 'to listen' [Poser 1998/2013: 792, 1263; Antoine et al. 1974: 317].", "markup_description": "Poser 1998/2013: 752, 1223, 1263; Antoine et al. 1974: 312. Cf. the cognate verb =\u026c=c\u032a\u02bcai 'to listen' [Poser 1998/2013: 792, 1263; Antoine et al. 1974: 317].", "valueset_pk": 1178, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1178, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lCentralCarrier", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 34, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1550, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lCentralCarrier-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1178, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1178, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lCentralCarrier", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 34, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1569, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lCentralCarrier-2", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1178, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1178, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lCentralCarrier", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 34, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=c\u032a\u02bco , N/A, N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 34, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "carr1249", "ethnologue_code": "crx", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "CentralCarrier", "name": "Central Carrier", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 54.3768, "longitude": -124.328}, "name": "Central Carrier"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-124.328, 54.3768]}, "id": "CentralCarrier"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1532, "ipa": "=t\u0361\u026c\u02bco\u02d0n\u0325 ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lKoyukon-0", "name": "=\u019b\u02bco\u02d0n\u0325 ", "description": "Jett\u00e9 & Jones 2000: 610, 927; Jones 1978: 78. Polysemy: 'to hear / to listen / to understand / to obey'. Paradigm: =\u019b\u02bco\u02d0n\u0325 [neuter imperf.] / =\u019b\u02bco\u02d0n-\u0294 [neuter perf.] / =\u019b\u02bci\u02d0-y\u0325 (< *=\u019b\u02bco\u02d0n-y) [momentaneous imperf.] / =\u019b\u02bco\u02d0n\u0325 [momentaneous perf.]. The suppletive perfect form of the customary aspect: =\u019b\u02bci\u02d0q [customary perf.] (quoted as =\u019b\u02bci\u02d0k in [Jett\u00e9 & Jones 2000]; this looks like a typo).  <br/><br/>\tDistinct from =ni\u02d0k [perf.] 'to feel' [Jett\u00e9 & Jones 2000: 449], and in particular 'to hear OBJ (sound, animal calling), become aware of OBJ by hearing' [Jett\u00e9 & Jones 2000: 452].", "markup_description": "Jett\u00e9 & Jones 2000: 610, 927; Jones 1978: 78. Polysemy: 'to hear / to listen / to understand / to obey'. Paradigm: =\u019b\u02bco\u02d0n\u0325 [neuter imperf.] / =\u019b\u02bco\u02d0n-\u0294 [neuter perf.] / =\u019b\u02bci\u02d0-y\u0325 (< *=\u019b\u02bco\u02d0n-y) [momentaneous imperf.] / =\u019b\u02bco\u02d0n\u0325 [momentaneous perf.]. The suppletive perfect form of the customary aspect: =\u019b\u02bci\u02d0q [customary perf.] (quoted as =\u019b\u02bci\u02d0k in [Jett\u00e9 & Jones 2000]; this looks like a typo).  <br/><br/>\tDistinct from =ni\u02d0k [perf.] 'to feel' [Jett\u00e9 & Jones 2000: 449], and in particular 'to hear OBJ (sound, animal calling), become aware of OBJ by hearing' [Jett\u00e9 & Jones 2000: 452].", "valueset_pk": 1179, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1179, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lKoyukon", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 35, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1551, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lKoyukon-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1179, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1179, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lKoyukon", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 35, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1570, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lKoyukon-2", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1179, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1179, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lKoyukon", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 35, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=\u019b\u02bco\u02d0n\u0325 , N/A, N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 35, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "koyu1237", "ethnologue_code": "koy", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Koyukon", "name": "Koyukon", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 65.6093, "longitude": -154.229}, "name": "Koyukon"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-154.229, 65.6093]}, "id": "Koyukon"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1533, "ipa": "=t\u03b8\u02bco\u02d0n\u0325", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lDegexitan-0", "name": "=t\u03b8\u02bco\u02d0n\u0325", "description": "Taff et al. 2007; Kari 1976: 59; Chapman 1914: 220. Paradigm: =t\u03b8\u02bco\u02d0n\u0325 [imperf.] / =t\u03b8\u02bco\u02d0n-\u0294 [perf.] / =t\u03b8\u02bce\u02d0-\u026c [fut.]. Polysemy: 'to hear / to listen'. Cf. some examples: \"I heard the bell\", \"I hear an echo\", \"What do you hear?\" [Taff et al. 2007], \"All at once she heard (=t\u03b8\u02bco\u02d0n\u0325) - it was the name of her husband. She listened (=t\u03b8\u02bco\u02d0n\u0325), and looked at him\" [Chapman 1914: 127], \"A young man is paddling along. As if expecting to hear (=t\u03b8\u02bce\u02d0-\u026c) something, he turns his head and listens (=t\u03b8\u02bco\u02d0n\u0325)\" [Chapman 1914: 157]. <br/><br/>\tThe suppletive imperfective stem =t\u03b8\u02bc\u0259q 'to hear' [Kari 1976: 59] has only been found either with negation: \"She doesn't hear\", \"I can't hear Beth\", \"Something isn't hearing anything\" [Taff et al. 2007], \"Still she weeps, and does not hear him\" [Chapman 1914: 127]; or in the positive meaning 'to know, understand': \"He understands Degexit'an\" [Taff et al. 2007].", "markup_description": "Taff et al. 2007; Kari 1976: 59; Chapman 1914: 220. Paradigm: =t\u03b8\u02bco\u02d0n\u0325 [imperf.] / =t\u03b8\u02bco\u02d0n-\u0294 [perf.] / =t\u03b8\u02bce\u02d0-\u026c [fut.]. Polysemy: 'to hear / to listen'. Cf. some examples: \"I heard the bell\", \"I hear an echo\", \"What do you hear?\" [Taff et al. 2007], \"All at once she heard (=t\u03b8\u02bco\u02d0n\u0325) - it was the name of her husband. She listened (=t\u03b8\u02bco\u02d0n\u0325), and looked at him\" [Chapman 1914: 127], \"A young man is paddling along. As if expecting to hear (=t\u03b8\u02bce\u02d0-\u026c) something, he turns his head and listens (=t\u03b8\u02bco\u02d0n\u0325)\" [Chapman 1914: 157]. <br/><br/>\tThe suppletive imperfective stem =t\u03b8\u02bc\u0259q 'to hear' [Kari 1976: 59] has only been found either with negation: \"She doesn't hear\", \"I can't hear Beth\", \"Something isn't hearing anything\" [Taff et al. 2007], \"Still she weeps, and does not hear him\" [Chapman 1914: 127]; or in the positive meaning 'to know, understand': \"He understands Degexit'an\" [Taff et al. 2007].", "valueset_pk": 1180, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1180, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lDegexitan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 36, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1552, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lDegexitan-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1180, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1180, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lDegexitan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 36, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1571, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lDegexitan-2", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1180, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1180, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lDegexitan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 36, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=t\u03b8\u02bco\u02d0n\u0325, N/A, N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 36, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "dege1248", "ethnologue_code": "ing", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Degexitan", "name": "Degexit'an", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 62.0697, "longitude": -160.044}, "name": "Degexit'an"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-160.044, 62.0697]}, "id": "Degexitan"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1534, "ipa": "=t\u0361s\u02bc\u00edh ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lSarsi-0", "name": "=c\u02bc\u00edh ", "description": "Li 1930b: 24; Ho\u0133er 1956: 223; Cook 1984: 252. Ablaut paradigm: =c\u02bc\u00edh [imperf.] / =c\u02bc\u0252\u0301h ~ =c\u02bc\u0252\u0301n- [perf.]. <br/><br/>\tDistinct from =s=c\u02bc\u012b\u02d0 ~ =s=c\u02bc\u012bk- [imperf., perf.] 'to listen' [Li 1930b: 24].", "markup_description": "Li 1930b: 24; Ho\u0133er 1956: 223; Cook 1984: 252. Ablaut paradigm: =c\u02bc\u00edh [imperf.] / =c\u02bc\u0252\u0301h ~ =c\u02bc\u0252\u0301n- [perf.]. <br/><br/>\tDistinct from =s=c\u02bc\u012b\u02d0 ~ =s=c\u02bc\u012bk- [imperf., perf.] 'to listen' [Li 1930b: 24].", "valueset_pk": 1181, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1181, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lSarsi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 37, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1553, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lSarsi-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1181, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1181, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lSarsi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 37, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1572, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lSarsi-2", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1181, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1181, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lSarsi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 37, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=c\u02bc\u00edh , N/A, N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 37, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "sars1236", "ethnologue_code": "srs", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Sarsi", "name": "Sarsi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 50.8822, "longitude": -114.301}, "name": "Sarsi"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-114.301, 50.8822]}, "id": "Sarsi"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5647, "ipa": "ut ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lMeglenoRomanian-0", "name": "ut {ud}", "description": "Capidan 1935: 312. Distinct from <i>skult</i> {scult} 'to listen' [Capidan 1935: 261] and from <i>\u010dul</i> {t\u0161ul} 'to listen' of Slavic origin [Capidan 1935: 101].", "markup_description": "Capidan 1935: 312. Distinct from <i>skult</i> {scult} 'to listen' [Capidan 1935: 261] and from <i>\u010dul</i> {t\u0161ul} 'to listen' of Slavic origin [Capidan 1935: 101].", "valueset_pk": 4737, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4737, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lMeglenoRomanian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 40, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "ut {ud}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 40, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "megl1237", "ethnologue_code": "ruq", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "MeglenoRomanian", "name": "Megleno Romanian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.1174, "longitude": 22.3782}, "name": "Megleno Romanian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [22.3782, 41.1174]}, "id": "MeglenoRomanian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5648, "ipa": "avz-\u02c8i ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lIstroRomanian-0", "name": "avz-\u02c8i {avz\u00ed}", "description": "Kova\u010dec 2010; S\u00e2rbu & Fr\u0103\u0163il\u0103 1998: 188; Byhan 1899: 190. Distinct from <i>askut-\u02c8\u0252</i> {ascut\u00e5} 'to listen' Kova\u010dec 2010; S\u00e2rbu & Fr\u0103\u0163il\u0103 1998: 272; Byhan 1899: 189.", "markup_description": "Kova\u010dec 2010; S\u00e2rbu & Fr\u0103\u0163il\u0103 1998: 188; Byhan 1899: 190. Distinct from <i>askut-\u02c8\u0252</i> {ascut\u00e5} 'to listen' Kova\u010dec 2010; S\u00e2rbu & Fr\u0103\u0163il\u0103 1998: 272; Byhan 1899: 189.", "valueset_pk": 4738, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4738, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lIstroRomanian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 41, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "avz-\u02c8i {avz\u00ed}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 41, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "istr1245", "ethnologue_code": "ruo", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "IstroRomanian", "name": "Istro Romanian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 45.433, "longitude": 14.2}, "name": "Istro Romanian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [14.2, 45.433]}, "id": "IstroRomanian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5649, "ipa": "\u02c8avd-u ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lAromanian-0", "name": "\u02c8avd-u {\u00e1vdu}", "description": "Papahagi 1963: 180; Cunia 2010: 163; Dalametra 1906: 34; Bara et al. 2005: 291; Go\u0142\u0105b 1984: 204. In the Northern dialects an Albanian loanword <i>d\u0259guy\u02c8-esk-u</i> {d\u0103gu\u00e9scu} 'to hear' is used as well [Papahagi 1963: 377; Cunia 2010: 377]. Distinct from <i>ask\u02c8ult-u</i> {asc\u00faltu} 'to listen, to obey' [Papahagi 1963: 163; Cunia 2010: 142; Dalametra 1906: 30; Go\u0142\u0105b 1984: 202].", "markup_description": "Papahagi 1963: 180; Cunia 2010: 163; Dalametra 1906: 34; Bara et al. 2005: 291; Go\u0142\u0105b 1984: 204. In the Northern dialects an Albanian loanword <i>d\u0259guy\u02c8-esk-u</i> {d\u0103gu\u00e9scu} 'to hear' is used as well [Papahagi 1963: 377; Cunia 2010: 377]. Distinct from <i>ask\u02c8ult-u</i> {asc\u00faltu} 'to listen, to obey' [Papahagi 1963: 163; Cunia 2010: 142; Dalametra 1906: 30; Go\u0142\u0105b 1984: 202].", "valueset_pk": 4739, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4739, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lAromanian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 42, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "\u02c8avd-u {\u00e1vdu}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 42, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "arom1237", "ethnologue_code": "rup", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Aromanian", "name": "Aromanian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 40.616, "longitude": 21.2}, "name": "Aromanian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [21.2, 40.616]}, "id": "Aromanian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5650, "ipa": "a=awz-\u02c8i ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lRomanian-0", "name": "a=awz-\u02c8i {a auzi}", "description": "DER 2004: 449; Bolocan et al. 1985: 1379; Gancz 2015. Distinct from <i>a=askult-\u02c8a</i> {a asculta} 'to listen' [DER 2004: 567; Bolocan et al. 1985: 1379]. Moldavian: <i>a=awz-\u02c8i</i> {a auzi} 'to hear' [Podiko 1973: 862; Borsh & Zaporozhan 1990: 413-414].", "markup_description": "DER 2004: 449; Bolocan et al. 1985: 1379; Gancz 2015. Distinct from <i>a=askult-\u02c8a</i> {a asculta} 'to listen' [DER 2004: 567; Bolocan et al. 1985: 1379]. Moldavian: <i>a=awz-\u02c8i</i> {a auzi} 'to hear' [Podiko 1973: 862; Borsh & Zaporozhan 1990: 413-414].", "valueset_pk": 4740, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4740, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lRomanian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 43, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "a=awz-\u02c8i {a auzi}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 43, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "roma1327", "ethnologue_code": "ron", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Romanian", "name": "Romanian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 46.3913, "longitude": 24.2256}, "name": "Romanian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [24.2256, 46.3913]}, "id": "Romanian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5651, "ipa": "sent-\u02c8a-r ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lDalmatian-0", "name": "sent-\u02c8a-r {sent\u00e1r}", "description": "Polysemy: 'to hear / to feel'. Some examples are: {te si\u032f\u00e1nte ke fero u\u1e45 tu\u032f\u00e1\u1e45} \"hear a clap of thunder\" [Bartoli 2002: 236]; {ju nu si\u032fante de k\u00f3 ke tu dek\u00e1ja} \"I do not hear what you are saying\" [Bartoli 2002: 250]; {ju siante ke me dol\u00faa el si\u032f\u00e1\u1e45} \"I feel that my breast hurts, here, at the front\" [Bartoli 2002: 241]. Distinct from <i>skult-\u02c8ua</i> {skult\u00faa} 'I am listening', cf. {ju skult\u00faa de k\u00f3 ke-i parl\u00faa} \"I am listening to what are they talking about\" [Bartoli 2002: 253].", "markup_description": "Polysemy: 'to hear / to feel'. Some examples are: {te si\u032f\u00e1nte ke fero u\u1e45 tu\u032f\u00e1\u1e45} \"hear a clap of thunder\" [Bartoli 2002: 236]; {ju nu si\u032fante de k\u00f3 ke tu dek\u00e1ja} \"I do not hear what you are saying\" [Bartoli 2002: 250]; {ju siante ke me dol\u00faa el si\u032f\u00e1\u1e45} \"I feel that my breast hurts, here, at the front\" [Bartoli 2002: 241]. Distinct from <i>skult-\u02c8ua</i> {skult\u00faa} 'I am listening', cf. {ju skult\u00faa de k\u00f3 ke-i parl\u00faa} \"I am listening to what are they talking about\" [Bartoli 2002: 253].", "valueset_pk": 4741, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4741, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lDalmatian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 44, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "sent-\u02c8a-r {sent\u00e1r}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 44, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "dalm1243", "ethnologue_code": "dlm", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Dalmatian", "name": "Dalmatian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 42.7095, "longitude": 18.0238}, "name": "Dalmatian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [18.0238, 42.7095]}, "id": "Dalmatian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5652, "ipa": "sint-\u02c8i\u02d0 ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lFriulian-0", "name": "sint-\u02c8i\u02d0 {sint\u00ee}", "description": "Decorte 2015; Virili 2015; Pirona 1871: 707, 389. Distinct from <i>skolt-\u02c8a\u02d0</i> {scolt\u00e2} 'to listen' [Virili 2015; Pirona 1871: 367].", "markup_description": "Decorte 2015; Virili 2015; Pirona 1871: 707, 389. Distinct from <i>skolt-\u02c8a\u02d0</i> {scolt\u00e2} 'to listen' [Virili 2015; Pirona 1871: 367].", "valueset_pk": 4742, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4742, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lFriulian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 45, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "sint-\u02c8i\u02d0 {sint\u00ee}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 45, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "friu1240", "ethnologue_code": "fur", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Friulian", "name": "Friulian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 46.1473, "longitude": 13.0493}, "name": "Friulian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [13.0493, 46.1473]}, "id": "Friulian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5659, "ipa": "s\u02c8\u025b\u014bt-e ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lLanzoTorinesePiemontese-0", "name": "s\u02c8\u025b\u014bt-e {sente}", "description": "Gisolo 2015; Brero 1976: 385. Distinct from <i>skut-\u02c8e</i> {scot\u00e9} 'to listen' [Gisolo 2015].", "markup_description": "Gisolo 2015; Brero 1976: 385. Distinct from <i>skut-\u02c8e</i> {scot\u00e9} 'to listen' [Gisolo 2015].", "valueset_pk": 4749, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4749, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lLanzoTorinesePiemontese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 52, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "s\u02c8\u025b\u014bt-e {sente}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 52, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "piem1238", "ethnologue_code": "pms", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "LanzoTorinesePiemontese", "name": "Lanzo Torinese Piemontese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 45.4633, "longitude": 8.32366}, "name": "Lanzo Torinese Piemontese"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [8.32366, 45.4633]}, "id": "LanzoTorinesePiemontese"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5660, "ipa": "s\u02c8\u025b\u014bt-e ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lBarbaniaPiemontese-0", "name": "s\u02c8\u025b\u014bt-e {s\u00e8nte}", "description": "Fiandro 2015; Brero 1976: 385. Distinct from <i>skut-\u02c8e</i> {scot\u00e9} 'to listen' [Fiandro 2015].", "markup_description": "Fiandro 2015; Brero 1976: 385. Distinct from <i>skut-\u02c8e</i> {scot\u00e9} 'to listen' [Fiandro 2015].", "valueset_pk": 4750, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4750, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lBarbaniaPiemontese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 53, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "s\u02c8\u025b\u014bt-e {s\u00e8nte}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 53, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "piem1238", "ethnologue_code": "pms", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "BarbaniaPiemontese", "name": "Barbania Piemontese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 45.4633, "longitude": 8.32366}, "name": "Barbania Piemontese"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [8.32366, 45.4633]}, "id": "BarbaniaPiemontese"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5661, "ipa": "s\u02c8\u025b\u014bt-e ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lCarmagnolaPiemontese-0", "name": "s\u02c8\u025b\u014bt-e {sente}", "description": "Sanero 2015. Distinct from <i>skut-\u02c8e</i> {scot\u00e9} 'to listen'.", "markup_description": "Sanero 2015. Distinct from <i>skut-\u02c8e</i> {scot\u00e9} 'to listen'.", "valueset_pk": 4751, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4751, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lCarmagnolaPiemontese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 54, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "s\u02c8\u025b\u014bt-e {sente}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 54, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "piem1238", "ethnologue_code": "pms", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "CarmagnolaPiemontese", "name": "Carmagnola Piemontese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 45.4633, "longitude": 8.32366}, "name": "Carmagnola Piemontese"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [8.32366, 45.4633]}, "id": "CarmagnolaPiemontese"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5663, "ipa": "s\u02c8e\u02d0\u014bt-i", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lVercellesePiemontese-0", "name": "s\u02c8e\u02d0\u014bt-i", "description": "Noris 2015. Polysemy: 'to hear / to listen'.", "markup_description": "Noris 2015. Polysemy: 'to hear / to listen'.", "valueset_pk": 4753, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4753, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lVercellesePiemontese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 56, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "s\u02c8e\u02d0\u014bt-i", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 56, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "piem1238", "ethnologue_code": "pms", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "VercellesePiemontese", "name": "Vercellese Piemontese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 45.4633, "longitude": 8.32366}, "name": "Vercellese Piemontese"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [8.32366, 45.4633]}, "id": "VercellesePiemontese"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5665, "ipa": "sent-\u02c8i ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lPlesioLombard-0", "name": "sent-\u02c8i {sent\u00ec}", "description": "Selva 2015. Distinct from <i>\u0161kult-\u02c8a</i> {scult\u00e0} 'to listen'.", "markup_description": "Selva 2015. Distinct from <i>\u0161kult-\u02c8a</i> {scult\u00e0} 'to listen'.", "valueset_pk": 4755, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4755, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lPlesioLombard", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 58, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "sent-\u02c8i {sent\u00ec}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 58, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "lomb1257", "ethnologue_code": "lmo", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "PlesioLombard", "name": "Plesio Lombard", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 45.8817, "longitude": 9.39509}, "name": "Plesio Lombard"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [9.39509, 45.8817]}, "id": "PlesioLombard"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5666, "ipa": "sint-\u02c8i ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lRavennateRomagnol-0", "name": "sint-\u02c8i {sint\u00ecr}", "description": "Ercolani 1960: 414. Distinct from <i>st</i>\u02c8<i>e\u0259\u032f=d=ask</i>\u02c8<i>owlt</i> {st\u00ea' d'asc\u00f4lt} 'to listen' [Ercolani 1960: 26]. Marchigiano: <i>sent-\u02c8iy</i> {sent\u00eci} 'to hear' [Pucci 2015].", "markup_description": "Ercolani 1960: 414. Distinct from <i>st</i>\u02c8<i>e\u0259\u032f=d=ask</i>\u02c8<i>owlt</i> {st\u00ea' d'asc\u00f4lt} 'to listen' [Ercolani 1960: 26]. Marchigiano: <i>sent-\u02c8iy</i> {sent\u00eci} 'to hear' [Pucci 2015].", "valueset_pk": 4756, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4756, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lRavennateRomagnol", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 59, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "sint-\u02c8i {sint\u00ecr}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 59, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "roma1328", "ethnologue_code": "rgn", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "RavennateRomagnol", "name": "Ravennate Romagnol", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 44.2349, "longitude": 11.7189}, "name": "Ravennate Romagnol"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [11.7189, 44.2349]}, "id": "RavennateRomagnol"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5667, "ipa": "sint-\u02c8i-r ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lFerrareseEmiliano-0", "name": "sint-\u02c8i-r {sint\u00ecr}", "description": "Piacentini 2015. Distinct from <i>skult-\u02c8ar</i> {scult\u00e0r} 'to listen' [Piacentini 2015].", "markup_description": "Piacentini 2015. Distinct from <i>skult-\u02c8ar</i> {scult\u00e0r} 'to listen' [Piacentini 2015].", "valueset_pk": 4757, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4757, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lFerrareseEmiliano", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 60, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "sint-\u02c8i-r {sint\u00ecr}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 60, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "emil1241", "ethnologue_code": "eml", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "FerrareseEmiliano", "name": "Ferrarese Emiliano", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 44.3536, "longitude": 11.5794}, "name": "Ferrarese Emiliano"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [11.5794, 44.3536]}, "id": "FerrareseEmiliano"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5668, "ipa": "si\u014bt-\u02c8i\u02d0-r ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lCarpigianoEmiliano-0", "name": "si\u014bt-\u02c8i\u02d0-r {sint\u00ecr}", "description": "Sacchi 2015. Distinct from <i>askult-\u02c8\u025br</i> {ascult\u00e8r} 'to listen' [Sacchi 2015].", "markup_description": "Sacchi 2015. Distinct from <i>askult-\u02c8\u025br</i> {ascult\u00e8r} 'to listen' [Sacchi 2015].", "valueset_pk": 4758, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4758, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lCarpigianoEmiliano", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 61, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "si\u014bt-\u02c8i\u02d0-r {sint\u00ecr}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 61, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "emil1241", "ethnologue_code": "eml", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "CarpigianoEmiliano", "name": "Carpigiano Emiliano", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 44.3536, "longitude": 11.5794}, "name": "Carpigiano Emiliano"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [11.5794, 44.3536]}, "id": "CarpigianoEmiliano"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5669, "ipa": "s\u02c8\u025bjnt-e\u02d0-r ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lReggianoEmiliano-0", "name": "s\u02c8\u025bynt-e\u02d0-r {s\u00e8int\u0113r} ~ sint-\u02c8\u025by-r {sint\u00e8ir}", "description": "Chertein 2015. Distinct from <i>skult-\u02c8\u025b\u02d0r</i> {scult\u00ear} 'to listen' [Chertein 2015].", "markup_description": "Chertein 2015. Distinct from <i>skult-\u02c8\u025b\u02d0r</i> {scult\u00ear} 'to listen' [Chertein 2015].", "valueset_pk": 4759, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4759, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lReggianoEmiliano", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 62, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "s\u02c8\u025bynt-e\u02d0-r {s\u00e8int\u0113r} ~ sint-\u02c8\u025by-r {sint\u00e8ir}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 62, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "emil1241", "ethnologue_code": "eml", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "ReggianoEmiliano", "name": "Reggiano Emiliano", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 44.3536, "longitude": 11.5794}, "name": "Reggiano Emiliano"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [11.5794, 44.3536]}, "id": "ReggianoEmiliano"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5670, "ipa": "se\u014bt-\u02c8i", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lRapalloLigurian-0", "name": "se\u014bt-\u02c8i", "description": "Fasce 2015. Distinct from <i>askurt-\u02c8a</i> 'to listen'.", "markup_description": "Fasce 2015. Distinct from <i>askurt-\u02c8a</i> 'to listen'.", "valueset_pk": 4760, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4760, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lRapalloLigurian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 63, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "se\u014bt-\u02c8i", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 63, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "ligu1248", "ethnologue_code": "l\u0133", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "RapalloLigurian", "name": "Rapallo Ligurian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 44.0816, "longitude": 7.90522}, "name": "Rapallo Ligurian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [7.90522, 44.0816]}, "id": "RapalloLigurian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5672, "ipa": "se\u014bt-\u02c8i ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lStellaLigurian-0", "name": "se\u014bt-\u02c8i {sent\u00ec}", "description": "Piccone 2015. Distinct from <i>\u0161t-\u02c8\u025b=a=se\u014bt-\u02c8i</i> {st\u00e8 a sent\u00ec} 'to listen' (literary 'to stay hearing').", "markup_description": "Piccone 2015. Distinct from <i>\u0161t-\u02c8\u025b=a=se\u014bt-\u02c8i</i> {st\u00e8 a sent\u00ec} 'to listen' (literary 'to stay hearing').", "valueset_pk": 4762, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4762, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lStellaLigurian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 65, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "se\u014bt-\u02c8i {sent\u00ec}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 65, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "ligu1248", "ethnologue_code": "l\u0133", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "StellaLigurian", "name": "Stella Ligurian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 44.0816, "longitude": 7.90522}, "name": "Stella Ligurian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [7.90522, 44.0816]}, "id": "StellaLigurian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5673, "ipa": "se\u014bt-\u02c8i-r ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lVeniceVenetian-0", "name": "se\u014bt-\u02c8i-r {sent\u00ecr}", "description": "Tosi 2015; Gasparini 2015; Melon 2015; Busato 2015; Poletto 2015; Zanetti 2015. Padua, Vicenza, Schio, Arzignano, Marostica: <i>se\u014bt-\u02c8i-re</i> {sentire} 'to hear' [Tre 2015; Cortiana 2015; Clementi 2015; Serena 2015; Pezzin 2015]. Distinct from <i>skolt-\u02c8a-r</i> {scolt\u00e0r} [Tosi 2015; Gasparini 2015; Melon 2015; Busato 2015; Poletto 2015; Zanetti 2015] ~ <i>skolt-\u02c8a-re</i> {scoltare} 'to listen' [Tre 2015; Ricchieri 2015; Pezzin 2015].", "markup_description": "Tosi 2015; Gasparini 2015; Melon 2015; Busato 2015; Poletto 2015; Zanetti 2015. Padua, Vicenza, Schio, Arzignano, Marostica: <i>se\u014bt-\u02c8i-re</i> {sentire} 'to hear' [Tre 2015; Cortiana 2015; Clementi 2015; Serena 2015; Pezzin 2015]. Distinct from <i>skolt-\u02c8a-r</i> {scolt\u00e0r} [Tosi 2015; Gasparini 2015; Melon 2015; Busato 2015; Poletto 2015; Zanetti 2015] ~ <i>skolt-\u02c8a-re</i> {scoltare} 'to listen' [Tre 2015; Ricchieri 2015; Pezzin 2015].", "valueset_pk": 4763, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4763, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lVeniceVenetian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 66, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "se\u014bt-\u02c8i-r {sent\u00ecr}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 66, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "vene1258", "ethnologue_code": "vec", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "VeniceVenetian", "name": "Venice Venetian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 45.503581, "longitude": 12.214167}, "name": "Venice Venetian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [12.214167, 45.503581]}, "id": "VeniceVenetian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5674, "ipa": "se\u014bt-\u02c8i-r ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lPrimieroVenetian-0", "name": "se\u014bt-\u02c8i-r {sentir}", "description": "Gaio 2015.", "markup_description": "Gaio 2015.", "valueset_pk": 4764, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4764, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lPrimieroVenetian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 67, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "se\u014bt-\u02c8i-r {sentir}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 67, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "vene1258", "ethnologue_code": "vec", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "PrimieroVenetian", "name": "Primiero Venetian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 45.503581, "longitude": 12.214167}, "name": "Primiero Venetian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [12.214167, 45.503581]}, "id": "PrimieroVenetian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5675, "ipa": "se\u014bt-\u02c8i-r ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lBelluneseVenetian-0", "name": "se\u014bt-\u02c8i-r {sentir}", "description": "Caneve 2015. Distinct from <i>skolt-\u02c8a-r</i> {scoltar} 'to listen' [Caneve 2015].", "markup_description": "Caneve 2015. Distinct from <i>skolt-\u02c8a-r</i> {scoltar} 'to listen' [Caneve 2015].", "valueset_pk": 4765, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4765, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lBelluneseVenetian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 68, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "se\u014bt-\u02c8i-r {sentir}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 68, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "vene1258", "ethnologue_code": "vec", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "BelluneseVenetian", "name": "Bellunese Venetian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 45.503581, "longitude": 12.214167}, "name": "Bellunese Venetian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [12.214167, 45.503581]}, "id": "BelluneseVenetian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5677, "ipa": "sent-\u02c8i-re ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lStandardItalian-0", "name": "sent-\u02c8i-re {sentire}", "description": "Passerini Tosi 1989: 1790. Polysemy: 'to feel / to hear'. The old term <i>ud-\u02c8i-re</i> {udire} 'to hear' is used more seldom now [Vitali 2015]. Distinct from <i>askolt-\u02c8a-re</i> {ascoltare} 'to listen' [Passerini Tosi 1989: 1915]", "markup_description": "Passerini Tosi 1989: 1790. Polysemy: 'to feel / to hear'. The old term <i>ud-\u02c8i-re</i> {udire} 'to hear' is used more seldom now [Vitali 2015]. Distinct from <i>askolt-\u02c8a-re</i> {ascoltare} 'to listen' [Passerini Tosi 1989: 1915]", "valueset_pk": 4767, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4767, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lStandardItalian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 70, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "sent-\u02c8i-re {sentire}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 70, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "ital1282", "ethnologue_code": "ita", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "StandardItalian", "name": "Standard Italian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 43.0464, "longitude": 12.6489}, "name": "Standard Italian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [12.6489, 43.0464]}, "id": "StandardItalian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5678, "ipa": "sent-\u02c8i-re ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lGrossetoItalian-0", "name": "sent-\u02c8i-re {sentire}", "description": "Marcelli 2015. Polysemy: 'to feel / to hear'. Distinct from <i>in=t\u02c8\u025bnd-e-re</i> {intendere} 'to hear', which is obsolete. Distinct from <i>askolt-\u02c8a-re</i> {ascoltare} 'to listen' [Marcelli 2015].", "markup_description": "Marcelli 2015. Polysemy: 'to feel / to hear'. Distinct from <i>in=t\u02c8\u025bnd-e-re</i> {intendere} 'to hear', which is obsolete. Distinct from <i>askolt-\u02c8a-re</i> {ascoltare} 'to listen' [Marcelli 2015].", "valueset_pk": 4768, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4768, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lGrossetoItalian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 71, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "sent-\u02c8i-re {sentire}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 71, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "ital1282", "ethnologue_code": "ita", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "GrossetoItalian", "name": "Grosseto Italian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 43.0464, "longitude": 12.6489}, "name": "Grosseto Italian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [12.6489, 43.0464]}, "id": "GrossetoItalian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5679, "ipa": "sint-\u02c8i ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lFolignoItalian-0", "name": "sint-\u02c8i {sint\u00ec}", "description": "Monti Barnocchi-Moscati 2016. Distinct from <i>\u0161kord-\u02c8a</i> {'scord\u00e0} 'to listen' [Monti Barnocchi-Moscati 2016].", "markup_description": "Monti Barnocchi-Moscati 2016. Distinct from <i>\u0161kord-\u02c8a</i> {'scord\u00e0} 'to listen' [Monti Barnocchi-Moscati 2016].", "valueset_pk": 4769, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4769, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lFolignoItalian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 72, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "sint-\u02c8i {sint\u00ec}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 72, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "ital1282", "ethnologue_code": "ita", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "FolignoItalian", "name": "Foligno Italian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 43.0464, "longitude": 12.6489}, "name": "Foligno Italian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [12.6489, 43.0464]}, "id": "FolignoItalian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5680, "ipa": "s\u0259nt-\u02c8i ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lNeapolitan-0", "name": "s\u0259nt-\u02c8i {sent\u00ec}", "description": "Esposito 2015; Russo 2015; Matarazzo 2015; Cirillo 2015; Nagar 2015; Mancusi 2015; Musella 2015; Fattoruso 2015; Morelli 2015; Cerrone 2015; Alois 2015. Distinct from <i>awsuly-\u02c8a</i> {ausuli\u00e0} 'to listen' [Russo 2015].", "markup_description": "Esposito 2015; Russo 2015; Matarazzo 2015; Cirillo 2015; Nagar 2015; Mancusi 2015; Musella 2015; Fattoruso 2015; Morelli 2015; Cerrone 2015; Alois 2015. Distinct from <i>awsuly-\u02c8a</i> {ausuli\u00e0} 'to listen' [Russo 2015].", "valueset_pk": 4770, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4770, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lNeapolitan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 73, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "s\u0259nt-\u02c8i {sent\u00ec}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 73, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "neap1235", "ethnologue_code": "nap", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Neapolitan", "name": "Neapolitan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 39.2288, "longitude": 16.4225}, "name": "Neapolitan"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [16.4225, 39.2288]}, "id": "Neapolitan"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5682, "ipa": "in=t\u02c8\u025bnd-i ", "cognate_class": 3, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lCampidanese-0", "name": "in=t\u02c8\u025bnd-i {intendi}", "description": "Ballicu 2015; Pintus 2015; Casciu 2006: 239. Distinct from <i>askut\u02d0-\u02c8ay</i> {ascuttai} 'to listen' [Pintus 2015; Casciu 2006: 64]. Domus de Maria: <i>in=t\u02c8\u025bnd-i </i>{intendi} 'to listen'. Distinct from <i>askut\u02d0-\u02c8ay</i> {ascuttai} 'to listen' [Fadda 2015].", "markup_description": "Ballicu 2015; Pintus 2015; Casciu 2006: 239. Distinct from <i>askut\u02d0-\u02c8ay</i> {ascuttai} 'to listen' [Pintus 2015; Casciu 2006: 64]. Domus de Maria: <i>in=t\u02c8\u025bnd-i </i>{intendi} 'to listen'. Distinct from <i>askut\u02d0-\u02c8ay</i> {ascuttai} 'to listen' [Fadda 2015].", "valueset_pk": 4772, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4772, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lCampidanese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 75, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "in=t\u02c8\u025bnd-i {intendi}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 75, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "camp1261", "ethnologue_code": "sro", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Campidanese", "name": "Campidanese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 39.0566, "longitude": 9.03935}, "name": "Campidanese"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [9.03935, 39.0566]}, "id": "Campidanese"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5683, "ipa": "s\u02c8j\u025bnt-i-\u027ei ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lPalermitanSicilian-0", "name": "s\u02c8y\u025bnt-i-\u027ei {sientiri}", "description": "Messina 2015; Ornato 2015. Termini Imerese: <i>s\u02c8\u025bnt-i-\u027ei</i> {sentiri} 'to hear' [La Bua 2015]. Distinct from <i>a\u0161kut-\u02c8a</i> {ascuta} 'to listen' [Ornato 2015]. Buscemi: <i>s\u02c8\u025bnt-i-\u027ei</i> {sentiri} 'to hear', <i>askut-\u02c8a-\u027ei</i> {ascutari} 'to listen' [Coccimiglio 2016].", "markup_description": "Messina 2015; Ornato 2015. Termini Imerese: <i>s\u02c8\u025bnt-i-\u027ei</i> {sentiri} 'to hear' [La Bua 2015]. Distinct from <i>a\u0161kut-\u02c8a</i> {ascuta} 'to listen' [Ornato 2015]. Buscemi: <i>s\u02c8\u025bnt-i-\u027ei</i> {sentiri} 'to hear', <i>askut-\u02c8a-\u027ei</i> {ascutari} 'to listen' [Coccimiglio 2016].", "valueset_pk": 4773, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4773, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lPalermitanSicilian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 76, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "s\u02c8y\u025bnt-i-\u027ei {sientiri}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 76, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "sici1248", "ethnologue_code": "scn", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "PalermitanSicilian", "name": "Palermitan Sicilian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 37.5735, "longitude": 14.0414}, "name": "Palermitan Sicilian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [14.0414, 37.5735]}, "id": "PalermitanSicilian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5685, "ipa": "s\u02c8\u025bnt-i-\u027ei ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lCatanianSicilian-0", "name": "s\u02c8\u025bnt-i-\u027ei {sentiri}", "description": "Corsaro 2015; La Mattina 2015; Salerno 2015.", "markup_description": "Corsaro 2015; La Mattina 2015; Salerno 2015.", "valueset_pk": 4775, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4775, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lCatanianSicilian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 78, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "s\u02c8\u025bnt-i-\u027ei {sentiri}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 78, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "sici1248", "ethnologue_code": "scn", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "CatanianSicilian", "name": "Catanian Sicilian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 37.5735, "longitude": 14.0414}, "name": "Catanian Sicilian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [14.0414, 37.5735]}, "id": "CatanianSicilian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5686, "ipa": "s\u02c8\u025bnt-i-\u027ei ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lSouthEasternSicilian-0", "name": "s\u02c8\u025bnt-i-\u027ei {sentiri}", "description": "Leggio 2015; Miccich\u00e8 2015. Distinct from a<i>\u0161kuyt-\u02c8a-\u027ei</i> {ascuitari} 'to listen' [Leggio 2015]. Agrigento: a<i>\u0161kut-\u02c8a-\u027ei</i> {ascutari} 'to listen' [Miccich\u00e8 2015].", "markup_description": "Leggio 2015; Miccich\u00e8 2015. Distinct from a<i>\u0161kuyt-\u02c8a-\u027ei</i> {ascuitari} 'to listen' [Leggio 2015]. Agrigento: a<i>\u0161kut-\u02c8a-\u027ei</i> {ascutari} 'to listen' [Miccich\u00e8 2015].", "valueset_pk": 4776, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4776, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lSouthEasternSicilian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 79, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "s\u02c8\u025bnt-i-\u027ei {sentiri}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 79, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "sici1248", "ethnologue_code": "scn", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "SouthEasternSicilian", "name": "South-Eastern Sicilian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 37.5735, "longitude": 14.0414}, "name": "South-Eastern Sicilian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [14.0414, 37.5735]}, "id": "SouthEasternSicilian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5687, "ipa": "s\u0259nt-\u02c8i ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lCentralCatalan-0", "name": "s\u0259nt-\u02c8i {sentir}", "description": "Al\u00f2s i Font 2015; Llorens 2015; EDCC 1993: 206. Distinct from <i>\u0259sku\u026bt-\u02c8a</i> {escoltar} 'to listen' and from the more literary term <i>u-\u02c8i</i> {oir} 'to hear' [Al\u00f2s i Font 2015; Llorens 2015].", "markup_description": "Al\u00f2s i Font 2015; Llorens 2015; EDCC 1993: 206. Distinct from <i>\u0259sku\u026bt-\u02c8a</i> {escoltar} 'to listen' and from the more literary term <i>u-\u02c8i</i> {oir} 'to hear' [Al\u00f2s i Font 2015; Llorens 2015].", "valueset_pk": 4777, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4777, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lCentralCatalan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 80, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "s\u0259nt-\u02c8i {sentir}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 80, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "stan1289", "ethnologue_code": "cat", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "CentralCatalan", "name": "Central Catalan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.453, "longitude": 1.569}, "name": "Central Catalan"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [1.569, 41.453]}, "id": "CentralCatalan"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5688, "ipa": "sent-\u02c8i ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lNorthWesternCatalan-0", "name": "sent-\u02c8i {sentir}", "description": "Montagut 2015; Balletb\u00f2 2015. Distinct from <i>asko\u026bt-\u02c8a</i> {escoltar} 'to listen' [Montagut 2015; Balletb\u00f2 2015].", "markup_description": "Montagut 2015; Balletb\u00f2 2015. Distinct from <i>asko\u026bt-\u02c8a</i> {escoltar} 'to listen' [Montagut 2015; Balletb\u00f2 2015].", "valueset_pk": 4778, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4778, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lNorthWesternCatalan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 81, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "sent-\u02c8i {sentir}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 81, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "stan1289", "ethnologue_code": "cat", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "NorthWesternCatalan", "name": "North-Western Catalan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.453, "longitude": 1.569}, "name": "North-Western Catalan"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [1.569, 41.453]}, "id": "NorthWesternCatalan"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5689, "ipa": "s\u0259nt-\u02c8i ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lMinorcanCatalan-0", "name": "s\u0259nt-\u02c8i {sentir}", "description": "Cardona 2015. Distinct from <i>\u0259sku\u026bt-\u02c8a</i> {escoltar} 'to listen' [Cardona 2015].", "markup_description": "Cardona 2015. Distinct from <i>\u0259sku\u026bt-\u02c8a</i> {escoltar} 'to listen' [Cardona 2015].", "valueset_pk": 4779, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4779, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lMinorcanCatalan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 82, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "s\u0259nt-\u02c8i {sentir}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 82, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "stan1289", "ethnologue_code": "cat", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "MinorcanCatalan", "name": "Minorcan Catalan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.453, "longitude": 1.569}, "name": "Minorcan Catalan"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [1.569, 41.453]}, "id": "MinorcanCatalan"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5690, "ipa": "sent-\u02c8i-\u027e ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lCastellodelaPlanaCatalan-0", "name": "sent-\u02c8i-\u027e {sentir}", "description": "Barreda 2015. Distinct from <i>asko\u026bt-\u02c8a-\u027e </i>{escoltar} 'to listen' [Barreda 2015].", "markup_description": "Barreda 2015. Distinct from <i>asko\u026bt-\u02c8a-\u027e </i>{escoltar} 'to listen' [Barreda 2015].", "valueset_pk": 4780, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4780, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lCastellodelaPlanaCatalan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 83, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "sent-\u02c8i-\u027e {sentir}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 83, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "stan1289", "ethnologue_code": "cat", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "CastellodelaPlanaCatalan", "name": "Castell\u00f3 de la Plana Catalan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.453, "longitude": 1.569}, "name": "Castell\u00f3 de la Plana Catalan"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [1.569, 41.453]}, "id": "CastellodelaPlanaCatalan"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5691, "ipa": "sent-\u02c8i-\u027e ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lValenciaCatalan-0", "name": "sent-\u02c8i-\u027e {sentir}", "description": "P\u00e9rez i Sanchis 2015. Distinct from <i>asko\u026bt-\u02c8a-\u027e </i>{escoltar} 'to listen' [P\u00e9rez i Sanchis 2015].", "markup_description": "P\u00e9rez i Sanchis 2015. Distinct from <i>asko\u026bt-\u02c8a-\u027e </i>{escoltar} 'to listen' [P\u00e9rez i Sanchis 2015].", "valueset_pk": 4781, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4781, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lValenciaCatalan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 84, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "sent-\u02c8i-\u027e {sentir}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 84, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "stan1289", "ethnologue_code": "cat", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "ValenciaCatalan", "name": "Valencia Catalan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.453, "longitude": 1.569}, "name": "Valencia Catalan"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [1.569, 41.453]}, "id": "ValenciaCatalan"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5692, "ipa": "sent-\u02c8i-\u027e ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lManisesCatalan-0", "name": "sent-\u02c8i-\u027e {sentir}", "description": "Pedr\u00f3s 2015. Distinct from <i>asko\u026bt-\u02c8a-\u027e </i>{escoltar} 'to listen' [Pedr\u00f3s 2015].", "markup_description": "Pedr\u00f3s 2015. Distinct from <i>asko\u026bt-\u02c8a-\u027e </i>{escoltar} 'to listen' [Pedr\u00f3s 2015].", "valueset_pk": 4782, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4782, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lManisesCatalan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 85, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "sent-\u02c8i-\u027e {sentir}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 85, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "stan1289", "ethnologue_code": "cat", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "ManisesCatalan", "name": "Manises Catalan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.453, "longitude": 1.569}, "name": "Manises Catalan"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [1.569, 41.453]}, "id": "ManisesCatalan"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5695, "ipa": "owv-\u02c8i-\u027e ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lStandardPortuguese-0", "name": "owv-\u02c8i-\u027e {ouvir}", "description": "Voinova et al. 1989: 582-583. Distinct from <i>i\u0283kut-\u02c8a-\u027e</i> {escutar} 'to listen' [Voinova et al. 1989: 582].", "markup_description": "Voinova et al. 1989: 582-583. Distinct from <i>i\u0283kut-\u02c8a-\u027e</i> {escutar} 'to listen' [Voinova et al. 1989: 582].", "valueset_pk": 4785, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4785, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lStandardPortuguese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 88, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "owv-\u02c8i-\u027e {ouvir}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 88, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "port1283", "ethnologue_code": "por", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "StandardPortuguese", "name": "Standard Portuguese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 39.91, "longitude": -8.1}, "name": "Standard Portuguese"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-8.1, 39.91]}, "id": "StandardPortuguese"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5696, "ipa": "ow\u03b2-\u02c8i-\u027e  ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lGalician-0", "name": "ow\u03b2-\u02c8i-\u027e {ouvir} ", "description": "Montoya Bola\u00f1os 2015; Franco Grande 1968: 825, 583; Fern\u00e1ndez Armesto 1981: 544; Carr\u00e9 Alvarellos 1972: 996, 673. Distinct from <i>eskoyt-\u02c8a-\u027e</i> {escoitar} 'to listen' [Montoya Bola\u00f1os 2015; Franco Grande 1968: 796, 403; Fern\u00e1ndez Armesto 1981: 348; Carr\u00e9 Alvarellos 1972: 958, 438]. ", "markup_description": "Montoya Bola\u00f1os 2015; Franco Grande 1968: 825, 583; Fern\u00e1ndez Armesto 1981: 544; Carr\u00e9 Alvarellos 1972: 996, 673. Distinct from <i>eskoyt-\u02c8a-\u027e</i> {escoitar} 'to listen' [Montoya Bola\u00f1os 2015; Franco Grande 1968: 796, 403; Fern\u00e1ndez Armesto 1981: 348; Carr\u00e9 Alvarellos 1972: 958, 438]. ", "valueset_pk": 4786, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4786, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lGalician", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 89, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 5703, "ipa": " ", "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lGalician-1", "name": " ", "description": " ", "markup_description": " ", "valueset_pk": 4786, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4786, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lGalician", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 89, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "ow\u03b2-\u02c8i-\u027e {ouvir} ,  ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 89, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "gali1258", "ethnologue_code": "glg", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Galician", "name": "Galician", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 42.2446, "longitude": -7.5343}, "name": "Galician"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-7.5343, 42.2446]}, "id": "Galician"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5697, "ipa": "en=t\u02c8\u025bnd-\u027ee ", "cognate_class": -1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lProvencalOccitan-0", "name": "en=t\u02c8\u025bnd-\u027ee {ent\u00e8ndre}", "description": "Coupier 1995: 502-503. Borrowed from Old French {entendre} 'to hear'. There are two expressions for 'to hear':\u00a0<i>en=t\u02c8\u025bnd-\u027ee</i> {ent\u00e8ndre} and\u00a0<i>awz-\u02c8i</i> {ausi}. Coupier mentions them as synonyms. Distinct from <i>eskut-\u02c8a</i> {escouta} 'to listen' [Coupier 1995: 457].", "markup_description": "Coupier 1995: 502-503. Borrowed from Old French {entendre} 'to hear'. There are two expressions for 'to hear':\u00a0<i>en=t\u02c8\u025bnd-\u027ee</i> {ent\u00e8ndre} and\u00a0<i>awz-\u02c8i</i> {ausi}. Coupier mentions them as synonyms. Distinct from <i>eskut-\u02c8a</i> {escouta} 'to listen' [Coupier 1995: 457].", "valueset_pk": 4787, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4787, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lProvencalOccitan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 90, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 5704, "ipa": "awz-\u02c8i ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lProvencalOccitan-1", "name": "awz-\u02c8i {ausi}", "description": "Coupier 1995: 502-503.", "markup_description": "Coupier 1995: 502-503.", "valueset_pk": 4787, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4787, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lProvencalOccitan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 90, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "en=t\u02c8\u025bnd-\u027ee {ent\u00e8ndre}, awz-\u02c8i {ausi}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 90, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "prov1235", "ethnologue_code": "oci", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "ProvencalOccitan", "name": "Proven\u00e7al Occitan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 44.0, "longitude": 6.0}, "name": "Proven\u00e7al Occitan"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [6.0, 44.0]}, "id": "ProvencalOccitan"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5700, "ipa": "\u0251\u0303=t\u0251\u0303d-\u0281 ", "cognate_class": 3, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lStandardFrench-0", "name": "\u0251\u0303=t\u0251\u0303d-\u0281 {entendre}", "description": "Robert-Collins 1989: 304; Rayevskaya 2013: 589. Distinct from <i>ekut-e</i> {\u00e9couter} 'to listen' [Robert-Collins 1989: 387; Rayevskaya 2013: 589].", "markup_description": "Robert-Collins 1989: 304; Rayevskaya 2013: 589. Distinct from <i>ekut-e</i> {\u00e9couter} 'to listen' [Robert-Collins 1989: 387; Rayevskaya 2013: 589].", "valueset_pk": 4790, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4790, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lStandardFrench", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 93, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "\u0251\u0303=t\u0251\u0303d-\u0281 {entendre}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 93, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "stan1290", "ethnologue_code": "fra", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "StandardFrench", "name": "Standard French", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 48.0, "longitude": 2.0}, "name": "Standard French"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [2.0, 48.0]}, "id": "StandardFrench"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 10072, "ipa": "l\u0289\u0301 ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lSkou-0", "name": "l\u0289\u0301 {lu\u0301e}", "description": "Donohue 2002: 39; Donohue 2004: 527. Polysemy \u2018to hear / to know\u2019 (Donohue 2002: 39).", "markup_description": "Donohue 2002: 39; Donohue 2004: 527. Polysemy \u2018to hear / to know\u2019 (Donohue 2002: 39).", "valueset_pk": 8949, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 8949, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lSkou", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 96, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "l\u0289\u0301 {lu\u0301e}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 96, "parent_pk": 6, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "nucl1634", "ethnologue_code": "skv", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Skou", "name": "Skou", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -2.64378, "longitude": 140.902}, "name": "Skou"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [140.902, -2.64378]}, "id": "Skou"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 11087, "ipa": "i-bak-sun  ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lVartashenUdi-0", "name": "i-bak-sun {\u0438\u0431\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0443\u043d} ", "description": "Gukasyan 1974: 127; F\u00e4hnrich 1999: 17; Dirr 1903: 16, 18, 53, 55, 63, 65; Schiefner 1863: 78; Schulze 2001: 284; Starchevskiy 1891: 488. \nCommon Udi notes: Common Udi *<i>i-bak-esun</i>; derived from the root <i>i</i> plus the light verb <i>-bak-</i> 'to be(come)' [Schulze 2005: 561 f. (3.4.2.2 #10); Schulze-F\u00fcrhoff 1994: 474]. The Udi verb corresponds to Caucasian Albanian <i>ih-esun</i> 'to hear'. Both CA <i>ih</i> and Udi <i>i</i> go back to Proto-Caucasian Albanian-Udi *<i>i\u03c7(i)-</i> with the shift <i>\u03c7 > h > 0</i> in the intervocalic position before front vowels or before consonants. The Udi morpheme <i>i</i> is quoted as a separate word with the meaning 'hearing, ability to hear (Russian: \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0445)' in [Gukasyan 1974: 127; Mobili 2010: 152], although it is unclear whether this <i>i</i> can function as an independent item or if it has been extracted from the verb 'to hear' by Gukasyan.    \n\tExpressions for 'to hear' and 'to listen' are clearly opposed in modern Udi, as well as in Caucasian Albanian. Verbs for 'to hear' contain the old verbal root *<i>\u0294e\u026c\u0268</i>- (~ -<i>\u026c\u02d0</i>-): Udi <i>i-bak-sun</i>, CA <i>ih-esun</i>, both forms regularly without pharyngealization. Expressions for 'to listen' are based on the word for 'ear': Udi <i>umu\u03c7\u02e4</i> / <i>imu\u03c7 la\u03c7sun</i>, lit. 'to put the ear' [Comrie & Khalilov 2010: 665; Gukasyan 1974: 166; Starchevskiy 1891: 488], CA <i>\u0295i-biq\u02bc-esun</i>, lit. 'to take the ear', normally with pharyngealization (for the Caucasian Albanian secondary <i>\u0295i-</i> instead of expected **<i>\u0295im-</i> see notes on 'ear').    \n\t<b>Caucasian Albanian</b>: <i>ih-esun </i>[Gippert et al. 2008: IV-21], a cognate of the Udi term. Distinct from <i>\u0295i-biq\u02bc-esun</i> 'to listen to / to obey / to follow, observe, endure, take on' [Gippert et al. 2008: IV-22], which is based on the secondary morpheme <i>\u0295i</i> 'ear' (q.v.) plus the light verb <i>-biq\u02bc-</i> 'to seize' [Gippert et al. 2008: II-43, IV-10]. ", "markup_description": "Gukasyan 1974: 127; F\u00e4hnrich 1999: 17; Dirr 1903: 16, 18, 53, 55, 63, 65; Schiefner 1863: 78; Schulze 2001: 284; Starchevskiy 1891: 488. \nCommon Udi notes: Common Udi *<i>i-bak-esun</i>; derived from the root <i>i</i> plus the light verb <i>-bak-</i> 'to be(come)' [Schulze 2005: 561 f. (3.4.2.2 #10); Schulze-F\u00fcrhoff 1994: 474]. The Udi verb corresponds to Caucasian Albanian <i>ih-esun</i> 'to hear'. Both CA <i>ih</i> and Udi <i>i</i> go back to Proto-Caucasian Albanian-Udi *<i>i\u03c7(i)-</i> with the shift <i>\u03c7 > h > 0</i> in the intervocalic position before front vowels or before consonants. The Udi morpheme <i>i</i> is quoted as a separate word with the meaning 'hearing, ability to hear (Russian: \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0445)' in [Gukasyan 1974: 127; Mobili 2010: 152], although it is unclear whether this <i>i</i> can function as an independent item or if it has been extracted from the verb 'to hear' by Gukasyan.    \n\tExpressions for 'to hear' and 'to listen' are clearly opposed in modern Udi, as well as in Caucasian Albanian. Verbs for 'to hear' contain the old verbal root *<i>\u0294e\u026c\u0268</i>- (~ -<i>\u026c\u02d0</i>-): Udi <i>i-bak-sun</i>, CA <i>ih-esun</i>, both forms regularly without pharyngealization. Expressions for 'to listen' are based on the word for 'ear': Udi <i>umu\u03c7\u02e4</i> / <i>imu\u03c7 la\u03c7sun</i>, lit. 'to put the ear' [Comrie & Khalilov 2010: 665; Gukasyan 1974: 166; Starchevskiy 1891: 488], CA <i>\u0295i-biq\u02bc-esun</i>, lit. 'to take the ear', normally with pharyngealization (for the Caucasian Albanian secondary <i>\u0295i-</i> instead of expected **<i>\u0295im-</i> see notes on 'ear').    \n\t<b>Caucasian Albanian</b>: <i>ih-esun </i>[Gippert et al. 2008: IV-21], a cognate of the Udi term. Distinct from <i>\u0295i-biq\u02bc-esun</i> 'to listen to / to obey / to follow, observe, endure, take on' [Gippert et al. 2008: IV-22], which is based on the secondary morpheme <i>\u0295i</i> 'ear' (q.v.) plus the light verb <i>-biq\u02bc-</i> 'to seize' [Gippert et al. 2008: II-43, IV-10]. ", "valueset_pk": 9820, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 9820, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lVartashenUdi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 98, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "i-bak-sun {\u0438\u0431\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0443\u043d} ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 98, "parent_pk": 7, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "udii1243", "ethnologue_code": "udi", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "VartashenUdi", "name": "Vartashen Udi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 40.9, "longitude": 47.7236}, "name": "Vartashen Udi"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [47.7236, 40.9]}, "id": "VartashenUdi"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 11088, "ipa": "=k\u02c8o- ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lArchi-0", "name": "=k\u02c8o- ", "description": "Chumakina et al. 2007; Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 172; Kibrik et al. 1977b: 259, 381; Kibrik et al. 1977a 3: 233; Comrie & Khalilov 2010: 664; Mikailov 1967: 185; Dirr 1908: 157, 221. \n\tDistinct from <i>oy \u02c8a\u010da- </i>'to listen; to obey', lit. 'to use the ear' [Chumakina et al. 2007; Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 173; Kibrik et al. 1977b: 287; Comrie & Khalilov 2010: 665] and <i>\u02c8o\u026c\u02d0a- </i>'to be silent; to listen' [Chumakina et al. 2007; Kibrik et al. 1977b: 290]. ", "markup_description": "Chumakina et al. 2007; Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 172; Kibrik et al. 1977b: 259, 381; Kibrik et al. 1977a 3: 233; Comrie & Khalilov 2010: 664; Mikailov 1967: 185; Dirr 1908: 157, 221. \n\tDistinct from <i>oy \u02c8a\u010da- </i>'to listen; to obey', lit. 'to use the ear' [Chumakina et al. 2007; Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 173; Kibrik et al. 1977b: 287; Comrie & Khalilov 2010: 665] and <i>\u02c8o\u026c\u02d0a- </i>'to be silent; to listen' [Chumakina et al. 2007; Kibrik et al. 1977b: 290]. ", "valueset_pk": 9821, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 9821, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lArchi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 99, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=k\u02c8o- ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 99, "parent_pk": 7, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "arch1244", "ethnologue_code": "aqc", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Archi", "name": "Archi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 42.3239, "longitude": 46.8267}, "name": "Archi"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [46.8267, 42.3239]}, "id": "Archi"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 11089, "ipa": "ix- ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lKrytsproper-0", "name": "ix- ", "description": "Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 172. Perfective stem: <i>ix\u00e4-</i>. In [Comrie & Khalilov 2010: 664] erroneously quoted as <i>i\u03c7\u00e4-</i> {\u0438\u0445\u0430\u044c-}. Distinct from <i>iber q\u02d0icn- </i>'to listen', literally 'to cover with ears' [Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 173]. In [Comrie & Khalilov 2010: 665] 'to listen' is quoted as unclear <i>lasir-</i> {\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0440\u0434\u0436\u0438}.", "markup_description": "Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 172. Perfective stem: <i>ix\u00e4-</i>. In [Comrie & Khalilov 2010: 664] erroneously quoted as <i>i\u03c7\u00e4-</i> {\u0438\u0445\u0430\u044c-}. Distinct from <i>iber q\u02d0icn- </i>'to listen', literally 'to cover with ears' [Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 173]. In [Comrie & Khalilov 2010: 665] 'to listen' is quoted as unclear <i>lasir-</i> {\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0440\u0434\u0436\u0438}.", "valueset_pk": 9822, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 9822, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lKrytsproper", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 100, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "ix- ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 100, "parent_pk": 7, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "kryt1240", "ethnologue_code": "kry", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Krytsproper", "name": "Kryts (proper)", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.1811, "longitude": 48.1846}, "name": "Kryts (proper)"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [48.1846, 41.1811]}, "id": "Krytsproper"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 11091, "ipa": "ixi-  ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lBudukh-0", "name": "ixi- {\u0438\u0445\u044c\u0438-} ", "description": "Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 172. Missing from [Meylanova 1984] as a separate entry, but attested in examples, e.g., [Meylanova 1984: 132 sub <i>tarp</i>, 133 sub <i>telfun</i>, etc.].  \n\tDistinct from <i>ibir q\u02d0usu- </i>{\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0440 \u043a\u044a\u0443\u0441\u0443} 'to listen', literally 'to put ear, to cover with ears' [Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 173; Meylanova 1984: 63; Comrie & Khalilov 2010: 665].  \n\tIn [Comrie & Khalilov 2010: 664], 'to hear' is incorrectly glossed as <i>ibira q\u02d0usu</i> {\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u043a\u044a\u0443\u0441\u0443} - an error for <i>ibir q\u02d0usu</i> 'to listen'.", "markup_description": "Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 172. Missing from [Meylanova 1984] as a separate entry, but attested in examples, e.g., [Meylanova 1984: 132 sub <i>tarp</i>, 133 sub <i>telfun</i>, etc.].  \n\tDistinct from <i>ibir q\u02d0usu- </i>{\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0440 \u043a\u044a\u0443\u0441\u0443} 'to listen', literally 'to put ear, to cover with ears' [Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 173; Meylanova 1984: 63; Comrie & Khalilov 2010: 665].  \n\tIn [Comrie & Khalilov 2010: 664], 'to hear' is incorrectly glossed as <i>ibira q\u02d0usu</i> {\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u043a\u044a\u0443\u0441\u0443} - an error for <i>ibir q\u02d0usu</i> 'to listen'.", "valueset_pk": 9824, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 9824, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lBudukh", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 102, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "ixi- {\u0438\u0445\u044c\u0438-} ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 102, "parent_pk": 7, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "budu1248", "ethnologue_code": "bdk", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Budukh", "name": "Budukh", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.2272, "longitude": 48.3353}, "name": "Budukh"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [48.3353, 41.2272]}, "id": "Budukh"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 11095, "ipa": "un j=ik-  ", "cognate_class": 3, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lMukhadRutul-0", "name": "un y=ik- {\u0443\u043d \u0439\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0441} ", "description": "Dirr 1912: 174, 200; Makhmudova 2001: 149, 167, 251. Literally 'sound happens to X' with <i>un</i> 'sound' + the suppletive verb CLASS=<i>ik</i>- / CLASS=<i>i\u0161</i>- / CLASS=<i>ru\u0294-</i> 'to become' (<i>y=</i> is the class 4 exponent). In [Comrie & Khalilov 2010: 664], erroneously quoted as <i>ul y=i\u0161-</i> {\u0443\u043b \u0439\u0438\u0448\u0438\u043d} (literally <i>ul</i> 'eye' + 'to become').  \n\tDistinct from <i>un y=\u0268\u03c7\u02e4-</i> {\u0443\u043d \u0439\u044b\u0445I\u044b\u0441} 'to hear about, find out (Russian: \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u044b\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c)' [Makhmudova 2001: 99], literally <i>un</i> 'sound' + the verb <i>y=\u0268\u03c7\u02e4-</i> '?'.  \n\tDistinct from <i>q=ac-u- </i>'to listen' [Dirr 1912: 153; Makhmudova 2001: 244].\nCommon Rutul notes: All the dialects demonstrate an analytic construction with <i>un</i> 'sound' and an auxiliary verb. In Mukhad this verb is the common 'to become' ('sound happens to X'), whereas the meanings of Ixrek <i>y=\u0268\u03c7\u02e4-</i> and Luchek <i>e\u010d\u02bc\u02b7</i>- are unknown. Ixrek <i>y=\u0268\u03c7\u02e4-</i> formally coincides with the verb <i>y=\u0268\u03c7\u02e4-</i> 'to strike, hit' (see notes on 'to kill'), where <i>y=</i> is a prefix with general semantics, but the semantics of hearing is strange in this case; on the other hand, Ixrek <i>y=\u0268\u03c7\u02e4-</i> may consist of the class 4 exponent <i>y=</i> attached to the verb <i>\u0268\u03c7\u02e4-</i> '?'.<i>      \n\t</i>Initial<i> q=</i> in the verbs for 'to listen' is a prefix with general semantics [Ibragimov 1978: 95; Alekseev 1994a: 227; Makhmudova 2001: 165]. Mukhad <i>q=ac-u-</i> and Ixrek <i>q=\u00e4s-u-</i>, Luchek <i>q=as-\u0268-</i> are obviously related (for the deaffricativization in Rutul dialects cf. [NCED: 138], although this problem still awaits more detailed research). The Mukhad and Ixrek data point to labialized <i>*c\u02b7</i>, thus the link between this Rutul root and Proto-Lezgian <i>*\u0294asV </i>'to be silent' seems unlikely, <i>pace </i>[NCED: 262].", "markup_description": "Dirr 1912: 174, 200; Makhmudova 2001: 149, 167, 251. Literally 'sound happens to X' with <i>un</i> 'sound' + the suppletive verb CLASS=<i>ik</i>- / CLASS=<i>i\u0161</i>- / CLASS=<i>ru\u0294-</i> 'to become' (<i>y=</i> is the class 4 exponent). In [Comrie & Khalilov 2010: 664], erroneously quoted as <i>ul y=i\u0161-</i> {\u0443\u043b \u0439\u0438\u0448\u0438\u043d} (literally <i>ul</i> 'eye' + 'to become').  \n\tDistinct from <i>un y=\u0268\u03c7\u02e4-</i> {\u0443\u043d \u0439\u044b\u0445I\u044b\u0441} 'to hear about, find out (Russian: \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u044b\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c)' [Makhmudova 2001: 99], literally <i>un</i> 'sound' + the verb <i>y=\u0268\u03c7\u02e4-</i> '?'.  \n\tDistinct from <i>q=ac-u- </i>'to listen' [Dirr 1912: 153; Makhmudova 2001: 244].\nCommon Rutul notes: All the dialects demonstrate an analytic construction with <i>un</i> 'sound' and an auxiliary verb. In Mukhad this verb is the common 'to become' ('sound happens to X'), whereas the meanings of Ixrek <i>y=\u0268\u03c7\u02e4-</i> and Luchek <i>e\u010d\u02bc\u02b7</i>- are unknown. Ixrek <i>y=\u0268\u03c7\u02e4-</i> formally coincides with the verb <i>y=\u0268\u03c7\u02e4-</i> 'to strike, hit' (see notes on 'to kill'), where <i>y=</i> is a prefix with general semantics, but the semantics of hearing is strange in this case; on the other hand, Ixrek <i>y=\u0268\u03c7\u02e4-</i> may consist of the class 4 exponent <i>y=</i> attached to the verb <i>\u0268\u03c7\u02e4-</i> '?'.<i>      \n\t</i>Initial<i> q=</i> in the verbs for 'to listen' is a prefix with general semantics [Ibragimov 1978: 95; Alekseev 1994a: 227; Makhmudova 2001: 165]. Mukhad <i>q=ac-u-</i> and Ixrek <i>q=\u00e4s-u-</i>, Luchek <i>q=as-\u0268-</i> are obviously related (for the deaffricativization in Rutul dialects cf. [NCED: 138], although this problem still awaits more detailed research). The Mukhad and Ixrek data point to labialized <i>*c\u02b7</i>, thus the link between this Rutul root and Proto-Lezgian <i>*\u0294asV </i>'to be silent' seems unlikely, <i>pace </i>[NCED: 262].", "valueset_pk": 9828, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 9828, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lMukhadRutul", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 106, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "un y=ik- {\u0443\u043d \u0439\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0441} ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 106, "parent_pk": 7, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "rutu1240", "ethnologue_code": "rut", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "MukhadRutul", "name": "Mukhad Rutul", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.6187, "longitude": 47.3244}, "name": "Mukhad Rutul"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [47.3244, 41.6187]}, "id": "MukhadRutul"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 11097, "ipa": "un et\u0320\u0361\u0283\u02bc\u02b7- ", "cognate_class": 3, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lLuchekRutul-0", "name": "un e\u010d\u02bc\u02b7- ", "description": "Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 172. Literally <i>un</i> 'sound' + the verb <i>e\u010d\u02bc\u02b7</i>- '?' (the exact syntactic construction is not documented).  \n\tDistinct from <i>q=as-\u0268- </i>'to listen' [Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 173].\nCommon Rutul notes: All the dialects demonstrate an analytic construction with <i>un</i> 'sound' and an auxiliary verb. In Mukhad this verb is the common 'to become' ('sound happens to X'), whereas the meanings of Ixrek <i>y=\u0268\u03c7\u02e4-</i> and Luchek <i>e\u010d\u02bc\u02b7</i>- are unknown. Ixrek <i>y=\u0268\u03c7\u02e4-</i> formally coincides with the verb <i>y=\u0268\u03c7\u02e4-</i> 'to strike, hit' (see notes on 'to kill'), where <i>y=</i> is a prefix with general semantics, but the semantics of hearing is strange in this case; on the other hand, Ixrek <i>y=\u0268\u03c7\u02e4-</i> may consist of the class 4 exponent <i>y=</i> attached to the verb <i>\u0268\u03c7\u02e4-</i> '?'.<i>      \n\t</i>Initial<i> q=</i> in the verbs for 'to listen' is a prefix with general semantics [Ibragimov 1978: 95; Alekseev 1994a: 227; Makhmudova 2001: 165]. Mukhad <i>q=ac-u-</i> and Ixrek <i>q=\u00e4s-u-</i>, Luchek <i>q=as-\u0268-</i> are obviously related (for the deaffricativization in Rutul dialects cf. [NCED: 138], although this problem still awaits more detailed research). The Mukhad and Ixrek data point to labialized <i>*c\u02b7</i>, thus the link between this Rutul root and Proto-Lezgian <i>*\u0294asV </i>'to be silent' seems unlikely, <i>pace </i>[NCED: 262].", "markup_description": "Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 172. Literally <i>un</i> 'sound' + the verb <i>e\u010d\u02bc\u02b7</i>- '?' (the exact syntactic construction is not documented).  \n\tDistinct from <i>q=as-\u0268- </i>'to listen' [Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 173].\nCommon Rutul notes: All the dialects demonstrate an analytic construction with <i>un</i> 'sound' and an auxiliary verb. In Mukhad this verb is the common 'to become' ('sound happens to X'), whereas the meanings of Ixrek <i>y=\u0268\u03c7\u02e4-</i> and Luchek <i>e\u010d\u02bc\u02b7</i>- are unknown. Ixrek <i>y=\u0268\u03c7\u02e4-</i> formally coincides with the verb <i>y=\u0268\u03c7\u02e4-</i> 'to strike, hit' (see notes on 'to kill'), where <i>y=</i> is a prefix with general semantics, but the semantics of hearing is strange in this case; on the other hand, Ixrek <i>y=\u0268\u03c7\u02e4-</i> may consist of the class 4 exponent <i>y=</i> attached to the verb <i>\u0268\u03c7\u02e4-</i> '?'.<i>      \n\t</i>Initial<i> q=</i> in the verbs for 'to listen' is a prefix with general semantics [Ibragimov 1978: 95; Alekseev 1994a: 227; Makhmudova 2001: 165]. Mukhad <i>q=ac-u-</i> and Ixrek <i>q=\u00e4s-u-</i>, Luchek <i>q=as-\u0268-</i> are obviously related (for the deaffricativization in Rutul dialects cf. [NCED: 138], although this problem still awaits more detailed research). The Mukhad and Ixrek data point to labialized <i>*c\u02b7</i>, thus the link between this Rutul root and Proto-Lezgian <i>*\u0294asV </i>'to be silent' seems unlikely, <i>pace </i>[NCED: 262].", "valueset_pk": 9830, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 9830, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lLuchekRutul", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 108, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "un e\u010d\u02bc\u02b7- ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 108, "parent_pk": 7, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "rutu1240", "ethnologue_code": "rut", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "LuchekRutul", "name": "Luchek Rutul", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.6187, "longitude": 47.3244}, "name": "Luchek Rutul"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [47.3244, 41.6187]}, "id": "LuchekRutul"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 11098, "ipa": "da\u03c7 xi- ", "cognate_class": 4, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lKoshanAghul-0", "name": "da\u03c7 xi- ", "description": "Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 172; Shaumyan 1941: 144. Literally <i>da\u03c7</i> 'sound' + the verb <i>xi</i>- 'to become' [Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 62] (the exact syntactic construction is not documented).  \n\tDistinct from <i>yirk\u02bc\u02b7 ala\u0161i- </i>'to listen', literally 'heart + to put' [Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 173].\nCommon Aghul notes: Both of the Aghul analytical expressions for 'to hear' (<i>da\u03c7 xi-, un xa-</i>, literally 'sound happens to X') are innovations of areal origin.", "markup_description": "Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 172; Shaumyan 1941: 144. Literally <i>da\u03c7</i> 'sound' + the verb <i>xi</i>- 'to become' [Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 62] (the exact syntactic construction is not documented).  \n\tDistinct from <i>yirk\u02bc\u02b7 ala\u0161i- </i>'to listen', literally 'heart + to put' [Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 173].\nCommon Aghul notes: Both of the Aghul analytical expressions for 'to hear' (<i>da\u03c7 xi-, un xa-</i>, literally 'sound happens to X') are innovations of areal origin.", "valueset_pk": 9831, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 9831, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lKoshanAghul", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 109, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "da\u03c7 xi- ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 109, "parent_pk": 7, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "kosh1245", "ethnologue_code": "agx", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "KoshanAghul", "name": "Koshan Aghul", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.85, "longitude": 47.65}, "name": "Koshan Aghul"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [47.65, 41.85]}, "id": "KoshanAghul"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 11102, "ipa": "un xa- ~ un-i xa- ", "cognate_class": 3, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lAghulproper-0", "name": "un xa- ~ un-i xa- ", "description": "Suleymanov 2003: 161; Shaumyan 1941: 144. Literally 'sound happens to X' with<i> un</i> 'sound' + the verb <i>xa</i>- 'to become' (cf. examples in [Shaumyan 1941: 116], [Magometov 1970: 201 sentence 2]). The same in the Tsirkhe and Kurag subdialects: <i>un xa- </i>'to hear' [Shaumyan 1941: 144], [Magometov 1970: 211 sentence 42, 45].     \n\tDistinct from two Tpig expressions for 'to listen': <i>ibur aqixa-</i>, literally 'ear + to overtake' [Suleymanov 2003: 86], <i>yirk\u02bc\u02b7 aliyana-</i>, literally 'heart + to put' [Suleymanov 2003: 26].", "markup_description": "Suleymanov 2003: 161; Shaumyan 1941: 144. Literally 'sound happens to X' with<i> un</i> 'sound' + the verb <i>xa</i>- 'to become' (cf. examples in [Shaumyan 1941: 116], [Magometov 1970: 201 sentence 2]). The same in the Tsirkhe and Kurag subdialects: <i>un xa- </i>'to hear' [Shaumyan 1941: 144], [Magometov 1970: 211 sentence 42, 45].     \n\tDistinct from two Tpig expressions for 'to listen': <i>ibur aqixa-</i>, literally 'ear + to overtake' [Suleymanov 2003: 86], <i>yirk\u02bc\u02b7 aliyana-</i>, literally 'heart + to put' [Suleymanov 2003: 26].", "valueset_pk": 9835, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 9835, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lAghulproper", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 113, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "un xa- ~ un-i xa- ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 113, "parent_pk": 7, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "aghu1253", "ethnologue_code": "agx", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Aghulproper", "name": "Aghul (proper)", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.9242, "longitude": 47.5843}, "name": "Aghul (proper)"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [47.5843, 41.9242]}, "id": "Aghulproper"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 11103, "ipa": "jik-\u02c8 ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lNorthernTabasaran-0", "name": "yik-\u02c8 ", "description": "Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 172.   \n\tThe same in the Khanag subdialect:<i> yik-\u02c8 </i>'to hear' [Uslar 1979: 751, 1006; Dirr 1905: 166, 242]. The same in other subdialects: Khyuryuk <i>yik-\u02c8</i> {\u0439\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0443\u0432}, Kumi <i>yik-\u02c8</i> {\u0439\u0438\u043a\u0443\u0432}, Arkit<i> ik-\u02c8</i> {\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0443\u0432} 'to hear' [Genko 2005: 73, 79].   \n\tDifferently in the Chuvek subdialect: <i>yix-\u02c8</i> {\u0439\u0438\u0431\u0445\u044c\u0443\u0432} 'to hear' [Genko 2005: 79].   \n\tDistinct from the verbs for 'to listen': Khanag <i>q-iw-iq\u02d0-\u02c8 </i>'to listen' [Uslar 1979: 809, 1006; Dirr 1905: 192, 242], Khyuryuk <i>q-iw-iq\u02d0-\u02c8 </i>{\u0445\u044a\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043a\u044a\u043a\u044a\u0443\u0432} 'to listen' [Genko 2005: 171]. These forms look like a compound of <i>iw</i> 'ear' q.v. and the verb <i>iq\u02d0-</i> '?' plus the spatial prefix <i>q=</i> 'behind', which modifies the whole expression. In Dyubek, 'to listen' is simply <i>q=iq\u02d0-\u02c8 </i>[Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 173] (i.e. the spatial prefix + the verb), which can be a compression of the aforementioned compound.\nCommon Tabasaran notes: Two verbs with the meaning 'to hear' enter into competition here: <i>yik-</i> (Northern Tabasaran, except for the Chuvek subdialect, which is located on the border between two dialects, see the map in [Alekseev & Shikhalieva 2003: 12]) and <i>yex- </i>(Southern Tabasaran). The external Lezgian comparison speaks in favour of Southern <i>yex-</i> as Proto-Tabasaran 'to hear', rather than Northern<i> yik-</i>.", "markup_description": "Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 172.   \n\tThe same in the Khanag subdialect:<i> yik-\u02c8 </i>'to hear' [Uslar 1979: 751, 1006; Dirr 1905: 166, 242]. The same in other subdialects: Khyuryuk <i>yik-\u02c8</i> {\u0439\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0443\u0432}, Kumi <i>yik-\u02c8</i> {\u0439\u0438\u043a\u0443\u0432}, Arkit<i> ik-\u02c8</i> {\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0443\u0432} 'to hear' [Genko 2005: 73, 79].   \n\tDifferently in the Chuvek subdialect: <i>yix-\u02c8</i> {\u0439\u0438\u0431\u0445\u044c\u0443\u0432} 'to hear' [Genko 2005: 79].   \n\tDistinct from the verbs for 'to listen': Khanag <i>q-iw-iq\u02d0-\u02c8 </i>'to listen' [Uslar 1979: 809, 1006; Dirr 1905: 192, 242], Khyuryuk <i>q-iw-iq\u02d0-\u02c8 </i>{\u0445\u044a\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043a\u044a\u043a\u044a\u0443\u0432} 'to listen' [Genko 2005: 171]. These forms look like a compound of <i>iw</i> 'ear' q.v. and the verb <i>iq\u02d0-</i> '?' plus the spatial prefix <i>q=</i> 'behind', which modifies the whole expression. In Dyubek, 'to listen' is simply <i>q=iq\u02d0-\u02c8 </i>[Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 173] (i.e. the spatial prefix + the verb), which can be a compression of the aforementioned compound.\nCommon Tabasaran notes: Two verbs with the meaning 'to hear' enter into competition here: <i>yik-</i> (Northern Tabasaran, except for the Chuvek subdialect, which is located on the border between two dialects, see the map in [Alekseev & Shikhalieva 2003: 12]) and <i>yex- </i>(Southern Tabasaran). The external Lezgian comparison speaks in favour of Southern <i>yex-</i> as Proto-Tabasaran 'to hear', rather than Northern<i> yik-</i>.", "valueset_pk": 9836, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 9836, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lNorthernTabasaran", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 114, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "yik-\u02c8 ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 114, "parent_pk": 7, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "taba1259", "ethnologue_code": "tab", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "NorthernTabasaran", "name": "Northern Tabasaran", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 42.0198, "longitude": 47.8379}, "name": "Northern Tabasaran"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [47.8379, 42.0198]}, "id": "NorthernTabasaran"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 11105, "ipa": "wan \u0292e- ", "cognate_class": 3, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lGyuneLezgi-0", "name": "wan \u017ee- ", "description": "Uslar 1896: 364, 632. Literally 'sound happens to X' with <i>wan</i> 'sound; voice' + the suppletive verb <i>\u017ee- / xa-</i> 'to become' [Uslar 1896: 435]. Distinct from Gyune <i>yab a\u0263\u02c8al-</i> 'to listen', literally 'to string the ear' [Uslar 1896: 328, 443].  \n\tSeveral similar expressions for 'to hear' are documented for Literary Lezgi:<i> wan \u017ee- / xa-</i> {\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0445\u044c\u0443\u043d}, literally 'sound (<i>wan</i>) happens to X' [Gadzhiev 1950: 784; Haspelmath 1993: 510, 521], <i>wan q\u02d0\u02b7e- </i>/ <i>at\u02d0a- </i>{\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0430\u0442\u0443\u043d}, literally 'sound (<i>wan</i>) comes to X' [Gadzhiev 1950: 784], <i>ses q\u02d0\u02b7e- </i>/ <i>at\u02d0a-</i>, literally 'sound (<i>ses</i>) comes to X' [Talibov & Gadzhiev 1966: 291].  \n\tDistinct from the literary expressions for 'to listen': <i>yab gu- </i>{\u044f\u0431 \u0433\u0443\u043d}, literally 'to give ear', and <i>yab akali-</i> {\u044f\u0431 \u0430\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0443\u043d}, literally 'to string/attach the ear' [Talibov & Gadzhiev 1966: 35, 399; Gadzhiev 1950: 784; Haspelmath 1993: 480, 522].", "markup_description": "Uslar 1896: 364, 632. Literally 'sound happens to X' with <i>wan</i> 'sound; voice' + the suppletive verb <i>\u017ee- / xa-</i> 'to become' [Uslar 1896: 435]. Distinct from Gyune <i>yab a\u0263\u02c8al-</i> 'to listen', literally 'to string the ear' [Uslar 1896: 328, 443].  \n\tSeveral similar expressions for 'to hear' are documented for Literary Lezgi:<i> wan \u017ee- / xa-</i> {\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0445\u044c\u0443\u043d}, literally 'sound (<i>wan</i>) happens to X' [Gadzhiev 1950: 784; Haspelmath 1993: 510, 521], <i>wan q\u02d0\u02b7e- </i>/ <i>at\u02d0a- </i>{\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0430\u0442\u0443\u043d}, literally 'sound (<i>wan</i>) comes to X' [Gadzhiev 1950: 784], <i>ses q\u02d0\u02b7e- </i>/ <i>at\u02d0a-</i>, literally 'sound (<i>ses</i>) comes to X' [Talibov & Gadzhiev 1966: 291].  \n\tDistinct from the literary expressions for 'to listen': <i>yab gu- </i>{\u044f\u0431 \u0433\u0443\u043d}, literally 'to give ear', and <i>yab akali-</i> {\u044f\u0431 \u0430\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0443\u043d}, literally 'to string/attach the ear' [Talibov & Gadzhiev 1966: 35, 399; Gadzhiev 1950: 784; Haspelmath 1993: 480, 522].", "valueset_pk": 9838, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 9838, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lGyuneLezgi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 116, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "wan \u017ee- ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 116, "parent_pk": 7, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "lezg1247", "ethnologue_code": "lez", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "GyuneLezgi", "name": "Gyune Lezgi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.5157, "longitude": 47.8951}, "name": "Gyune Lezgi"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [47.8951, 41.5157]}, "id": "GyuneLezgi"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 13734, "ipa": "t\u0320\u0361\u0283u-t ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lOrbaniciChakavian-0", "name": "\u010du-t {\u010d\u0215t}", "description": "Kalsbeek 1998: 430. Polysemy: 'hear / taste / smell'. Distinct from <i>sl\u02c8u\u0161-a-t</i> {sl\u0215\u0161at} 'to listen' [Kalsbeek 1998: 548].", "markup_description": "Kalsbeek 1998: 430. Polysemy: 'hear / taste / smell'. Distinct from <i>sl\u02c8u\u0161-a-t</i> {sl\u0215\u0161at} 'to listen' [Kalsbeek 1998: 548].", "valueset_pk": 12017, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 12017, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lOrbaniciChakavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 120, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "\u010du-t {\u010d\u0215t}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 120, "parent_pk": 8, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "chak1265", "ethnologue_code": "hrv", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "OrbaniciChakavian", "name": "Orbanici Chakavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 47.544, "longitude": 16.626}, "name": "Orbanici Chakavian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [16.626, 47.544]}, "id": "OrbaniciChakavian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 13735, "ipa": "t\u0320\u0361\u0283u-t ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lOrlecChakavian-0", "name": "\u010du-t {\u010d\u0215t}", "description": "Houtzagers 1985: 225. Polysemy: 'hear / taste / smell'. Distinct from <i>x\u02c8\u025bb-a-t</i> {h\u0205bat} 'to listen' [Houtzagers 1985: 251].", "markup_description": "Houtzagers 1985: 225. Polysemy: 'hear / taste / smell'. Distinct from <i>x\u02c8\u025bb-a-t</i> {h\u0205bat} 'to listen' [Houtzagers 1985: 251].", "valueset_pk": 12018, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 12018, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lOrlecChakavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 121, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "\u010du-t {\u010d\u0215t}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 121, "parent_pk": 8, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "chak1265", "ethnologue_code": "hrv", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "OrlecChakavian", "name": "Orlec Chakavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 47.544, "longitude": 16.626}, "name": "Orlec Chakavian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [16.626, 47.544]}, "id": "OrlecChakavian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 13736, "ipa": "t\u0320\u0361\u0283\u00fb-ti ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lVrgadaChakavian-0", "name": "\u010d\u00fb-ti {\u010d\u0215ti}", "description": "Juri\u0161i\u0107 1973: 39. Distinct from <i>sl\u00fb\u0161-a-ti</i> {sl\u0215\u0161ati} 'to listen' [Juri\u0161i\u0107 1973: 192].", "markup_description": "Juri\u0161i\u0107 1973: 39. Distinct from <i>sl\u00fb\u0161-a-ti</i> {sl\u0215\u0161ati} 'to listen' [Juri\u0161i\u0107 1973: 192].", "valueset_pk": 12019, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 12019, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lVrgadaChakavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 122, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "\u010d\u00fb-ti {\u010d\u0215ti}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 122, "parent_pk": 8, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "chak1265", "ethnologue_code": "hrv", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "VrgadaChakavian", "name": "Vrgada Chakavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 47.544, "longitude": 16.626}, "name": "Vrgada Chakavian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [16.626, 47.544]}, "id": "VrgadaChakavian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 13737, "ipa": "t\u0320\u0361\u0283u-t ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lDevinskaNovaVesChakavian-0", "name": "\u010du-t {\u010d\u00f9t}", "description": "V\u00e1\u017en\u00fd 1927: 140. Distinct from <i>p\u0254=sl\u02c8u\u0161-a-t</i> {posl\u00f9\u0161at} 'to listen' [V\u00e1\u017en\u00fd 1927: 176].", "markup_description": "V\u00e1\u017en\u00fd 1927: 140. Distinct from <i>p\u0254=sl\u02c8u\u0161-a-t</i> {posl\u00f9\u0161at} 'to listen' [V\u00e1\u017en\u00fd 1927: 176].", "valueset_pk": 12020, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 12020, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lDevinskaNovaVesChakavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 123, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "\u010du-t {\u010d\u00f9t}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 123, "parent_pk": 8, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "chak1265", "ethnologue_code": "hrv", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "DevinskaNovaVesChakavian", "name": "Devinska Nova Ves Chakavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 47.544, "longitude": 16.626}, "name": "Devinska Nova Ves Chakavian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [16.626, 47.544]}, "id": "DevinskaNovaVesChakavian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 13738, "ipa": "t\u0320\u0361\u0283u-t ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lBurgenlandKajkavian-0", "name": "\u010du-t {\u010d\u0215t} ~ \u010d\u02c8u-t\u02d0i {\u010d\u0215ti}", "description": "Houtzagers 1999: 239. Distinct from <i>p\u0254=sl\u02c8u\u0161\u02d0-\u0252-t</i> {posl\u0215\u0161at} 'to listen' [Houtzagers 1999: 312].", "markup_description": "Houtzagers 1999: 239. Distinct from <i>p\u0254=sl\u02c8u\u0161\u02d0-\u0252-t</i> {posl\u0215\u0161at} 'to listen' [Houtzagers 1999: 312].", "valueset_pk": 12021, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 12021, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lBurgenlandKajkavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 124, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "\u010du-t {\u010d\u0215t} ~ \u010d\u02c8u-t\u02d0i {\u010d\u0215ti}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 124, "parent_pk": 8, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "burg1244", "ethnologue_code": "hrv", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "BurgenlandKajkavian", "name": "Burgenland Kajkavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 47.544, "longitude": 16.626}, "name": "Burgenland Kajkavian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [16.626, 47.544]}, "id": "BurgenlandKajkavian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 13739, "ipa": "sl\u02c8i\u02d0\u0283-a-ti ", "cognate_class": 3, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lLjubljanaSlovene-0", "name": "sl\u02c8i\u02d0\u0161-a-ti {sli\u0161ati}", "description": "Ogrinc 2014; Uhlik 2016. Distinct from <i>p\u0254=sl\u02c8u\u02d0\u0161-a-ti</i> {poslu\u0161ati} 'to listen' [Uhlik 2016]. \nStandard Slovene: {sli\u0161ati} [Pretnar 1964: 797].", "markup_description": "Ogrinc 2014; Uhlik 2016. Distinct from <i>p\u0254=sl\u02c8u\u02d0\u0161-a-ti</i> {poslu\u0161ati} 'to listen' [Uhlik 2016]. \nStandard Slovene: {sli\u0161ati} [Pretnar 1964: 797].", "valueset_pk": 12022, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 12022, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lLjubljanaSlovene", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 125, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "sl\u02c8i\u02d0\u0161-a-ti {sli\u0161ati}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 125, "parent_pk": 8, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "slov1268", "ethnologue_code": "slv", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "LjubljanaSlovene", "name": "Ljubljana Slovene", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 46.2543, "longitude": 14.7766}, "name": "Ljubljana Slovene"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [14.7766, 46.2543]}, "id": "LjubljanaSlovene"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 13741, "ipa": "\u0283l\u02c8i\u02d0\u0283-a-t ", "cognate_class": 3, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lZatolminSlovenian-0", "name": "\u0161l\u02c8i\u02d0\u0161-a-t {\u0161\u02c8li\u02d0\u0161at}", "description": "\u010cujec Stres 2: 319-320.", "markup_description": "\u010cujec Stres 2: 319-320.", "valueset_pk": 12024, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 12024, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lZatolminSlovenian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 127, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "\u0161l\u02c8i\u02d0\u0161-a-t {\u0161\u02c8li\u02d0\u0161at}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 127, "parent_pk": 8, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "slov1268", "ethnologue_code": "slv", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "ZatolminSlovenian", "name": "Zatolmin Slovenian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 46.2543, "longitude": 14.7766}, "name": "Zatolmin Slovenian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [14.7766, 46.2543]}, "id": "ZatolminSlovenian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 13746, "ipa": "t\u0320\u0361\u0283u-t ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lPilisszantoSlovak-0", "name": "\u010du-t {\u010dut}", "description": "Gregor 1975: 212. Polysemy: 'to hear / to feel'.", "markup_description": "Gregor 1975: 212. Polysemy: 'to hear / to feel'.", "valueset_pk": 12029, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 12029, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lPilisszantoSlovak", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 132, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "\u010du-t {\u010dut}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 132, "parent_pk": 8, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "slov1269", "ethnologue_code": "slk", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "PilisszantoSlovak", "name": "Pilisszanto Slovak", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 48.545705, "longitude": 18.78479}, "name": "Pilisszanto Slovak"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [18.78479, 48.545705]}, "id": "PilisszantoSlovak"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 13747, "ipa": "sw\u02c8\u0268s-\u025b-t\u0361\u0255 ", "cognate_class": 3, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lWieciorkaLesserPolish-0", "name": "sw\u02c8\u0268s-\u025b-\u0255 {su\u032fyse\u0107}", "description": "Kuca\u0142a 1957: 172. SidG.: <i>sw\u02c8\u0268s-\u025b-\u0255</i> {su\u032fyse\u0107}, Fac.: <i>sw\u02c8\u0268s-\u025b-\u0255</i> {su\u032fyse\u0107} ~ <i>s\u02c8ux-a-\u0255</i> {su\u03c7a\u0107} [Kuca\u0142a 1957: 172].", "markup_description": "Kuca\u0142a 1957: 172. SidG.: <i>sw\u02c8\u0268s-\u025b-\u0255</i> {su\u032fyse\u0107}, Fac.: <i>sw\u02c8\u0268s-\u025b-\u0255</i> {su\u032fyse\u0107} ~ <i>s\u02c8ux-a-\u0255</i> {su\u03c7a\u0107} [Kuca\u0142a 1957: 172].", "valueset_pk": 12030, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 12030, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lWieciorkaLesserPolish", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 133, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "sw\u02c8\u0268s-\u025b-\u0255 {su\u032fyse\u0107}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 133, "parent_pk": 8, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "poli1260", "ethnologue_code": "pol", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "WieciorkaLesserPolish", "name": "Wieciorka Lesser Polish", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 51.8439, "longitude": 18.6255}, "name": "Wieciorka Lesser Polish"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [18.6255, 51.8439]}, "id": "WieciorkaLesserPolish"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 15194, "ipa": "g\u02b2\u026ar\u02b2d\u02b2-\u00ea\u02d0-t\u02b2\u026a ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lStandardLithuanian-0", "name": "g\u02b8\u026ar\u02b8d\u02b8-\u00ea\u02d0-t\u02b8\u026a {gird\u0117\u0301ti}", "description": "Baronas II: 434-435. Distinct from <i>k\u026baws\u02b8-\u00ee\u02d0-t\u02b8\u026a</i> {klaus\u00fdti} 'to listen' [Baronas II: 434].", "markup_description": "Baronas II: 434-435. Distinct from <i>k\u026baws\u02b8-\u00ee\u02d0-t\u02b8\u026a</i> {klaus\u00fdti} 'to listen' [Baronas II: 434].", "valueset_pk": 13387, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 13387, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lStandardLithuanian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 136, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "g\u02b8\u026ar\u02b8d\u02b8-\u00ea\u02d0-t\u02b8\u026a {gird\u0117\u0301ti}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 136, "parent_pk": 9, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "lith1251", "ethnologue_code": "lit", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "StandardLithuanian", "name": "Standard Lithuanian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 55.1429, "longitude": 23.9601}, "name": "Standard Lithuanian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [23.9601, 55.1429]}, "id": "StandardLithuanian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 15195, "ipa": "d\u0361z\u01d0rd-\u025b\u0302\u02d0-t ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lStandardLatvian-0", "name": "\u0292\u01d0rd-\u025b\u0302\u02d0-t {dz\u00ecrd\u0113\u0302t}", "description": "KLV 1988: 486; LVP 1995: 200. Distinct from <i>kl\u0101ws-\u00ee\u02d0-ty\u025b\u0302-s</i> {kla\u0169s\u012b\u0302ti\u00eas} 'to listen' [KLV 1988: 486; LVP 1995: 363].", "markup_description": "KLV 1988: 486; LVP 1995: 200. Distinct from <i>kl\u0101ws-\u00ee\u02d0-ty\u025b\u0302-s</i> {kla\u0169s\u012b\u0302ti\u00eas} 'to listen' [KLV 1988: 486; LVP 1995: 363].", "valueset_pk": 13388, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 13388, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lStandardLatvian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 137, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "\u0292\u01d0rd-\u025b\u0302\u02d0-t {dz\u00ecrd\u0113\u0302t}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 137, "parent_pk": 9, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "stan1325", "ethnologue_code": "lvs", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "StandardLatvian", "name": "Standard Latvian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 57.0, "longitude": 24.0}, "name": "Standard Latvian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [24.0, 57.0]}, "id": "StandardLatvian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 15380, "ipa": "istam-ass- ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lHittiteOld-0", "name": "istam-ass- ", "description": "HED E-I: 452; Kloekhorst 2008: 412. Polysemy: 'to hear / to listen to / to perceive'. A <i>mi</i>-conjugation verb. OH+. The same root is contained in the Hitt. noun <i>istam-ana- </i>'ear' q.v., although morphological details are not so clear. Theoretically both <i>istam-ass-</i> and <i>istam-ana-</i> can be independently derived from the root *<i>stam-</i> with different suffixes. An alternative and more tenable solution is to treat <i>istam-ass-</i> as a denominal formation < <i>istam-an-s-</i> (thus [Kloekhorst 2008: 413]), but it should be noted that, cross-linguistically, the semantic derivation 'ear' > 'to hear' is, surprisingly, very rare. Nevertheless, the paronymous Luwian (C) verb for 'to hear', <i>tummant-iya-</i>, represents the morphologically unquestionable derivation from <i>tumm-ant- </i>'ear' q.v.", "markup_description": "HED E-I: 452; Kloekhorst 2008: 412. Polysemy: 'to hear / to listen to / to perceive'. A <i>mi</i>-conjugation verb. OH+. The same root is contained in the Hitt. noun <i>istam-ana- </i>'ear' q.v., although morphological details are not so clear. Theoretically both <i>istam-ass-</i> and <i>istam-ana-</i> can be independently derived from the root *<i>stam-</i> with different suffixes. An alternative and more tenable solution is to treat <i>istam-ass-</i> as a denominal formation < <i>istam-an-s-</i> (thus [Kloekhorst 2008: 413]), but it should be noted that, cross-linguistically, the semantic derivation 'ear' > 'to hear' is, surprisingly, very rare. Nevertheless, the paronymous Luwian (C) verb for 'to hear', <i>tummant-iya-</i>, represents the morphologically unquestionable derivation from <i>tumm-ant- </i>'ear' q.v.", "valueset_pk": 13569, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 13569, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lHittiteOld", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 138, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "istam-ass- ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 138, "parent_pk": 10, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "hitt1242", "ethnologue_code": "hit", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "HittiteOld", "name": "Hittite (Old)", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 40.0, "longitude": 35.0}, "name": "Hittite (Old)"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [35.0, 40.0]}, "id": "HittiteOld"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 15618, "ipa": "\u014bara ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lYandruwandha-0", "name": "\u014bara {ngara}", "description": "Breen 2015a: 62. Polysemy: \u2018hear / understand\u2019. Some examples: {Ngaranhana ngathu ngambunginguda} \u201cI heard about it from my mate\u201d (Breen 2015a: 62). <br/>Strzelecki Yandruwandha: pa\u014ba {panga} \u2018to hear\u2019 (Breen 2015a: 79).<br/>Yawarrawarrka: pa\u014ba {panga} \u2018to hear\u2019 (Breen 2015a: 79).", "markup_description": "Breen 2015a: 62. Polysemy: \u2018hear / understand\u2019. Some examples: {Ngaranhana ngathu ngambunginguda} \u201cI heard about it from my mate\u201d (Breen 2015a: 62). <br/>Strzelecki Yandruwandha: pa\u014ba {panga} \u2018to hear\u2019 (Breen 2015a: 79).<br/>Yawarrawarrka: pa\u014ba {panga} \u2018to hear\u2019 (Breen 2015a: 79).", "valueset_pk": 13788, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 13788, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lYandruwandha", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 140, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "\u014bara {ngara}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 140, "parent_pk": 12, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "yand1253", "ethnologue_code": "ynd", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Yandruwandha", "name": "Yandruwandha", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -28.4744, "longitude": 140.583}, "name": "Yandruwandha"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [140.583, -28.4744]}, "id": "Yandruwandha"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 15738, "ipa": "u\u02d0vu ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lRotokas-0", "name": "u\u02d0vu {uuvu} ~ uvu {uvu}", "description": "Firchow et al. 1973: 136, 315; Firchow 2008: 69, 114. Polysemy \u2018to sense some sound or odor / to smell something / to hear\u2019.", "markup_description": "Firchow et al. 1973: 136, 315; Firchow 2008: 69, 114. Polysemy \u2018to sense some sound or odor / to smell something / to hear\u2019.", "valueset_pk": 13898, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 13898, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-hear-lRotokas", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 141, "parameter_pk": 39, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "u\u02d0vu {uuvu} ~ uvu {uvu}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 141, "parent_pk": 13, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "roto1249", "ethnologue_code": "roo", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Rotokas", "name": "Rotokas", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -5.94339, "longitude": 155.154}, "name": "Rotokas"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [155.154, -5.94339]}, "id": "Rotokas"}]}