{"type": "FeatureCollection", "properties": {"layer": "", "name": "to give", "domain": []}, "features": [{"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 36, "ipa": "\u014bu\u0272ci ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lPittaPitta-0", "name": "\u014bu\u0272\u0236i {\u014bun\u02b8t\u02b8i}", "description": "Blake 1979: 240. Roth 1897: 39.", "markup_description": "Blake 1979: 240. Roth 1897: 39.", "valueset_pk": 33, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 33, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lPittaPitta", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 15, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "\u014bu\u0272\u0236i {\u014bun\u02b8t\u02b8i}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 15, "parent_pk": 1, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "pitt1247", "ethnologue_code": "pit", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "PittaPitta", "name": "Pitta Pitta", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -22.7952, "longitude": 139.983}, "name": "Pitta Pitta"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [139.983, -22.7952]}, "id": "PittaPitta"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 389, "ipa": "ji\u014bki-\u0273a ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lDieri-0", "name": "yi\u014bki-\u0273a {yingki-rna}", "description": "Austin 2013: 41.", "markup_description": "Austin 2013: 41.", "valueset_pk": 363, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 363, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lDieri", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 18, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "yi\u014bki-\u0273a {yingki-rna}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 18, "parent_pk": 3, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "dier1241", "ethnologue_code": "dif", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Dieri", "name": "Dieri", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -28.1667, "longitude": 138.0}, "name": "Dieri"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [138.0, -28.1667]}, "id": "Dieri"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1364, "ipa": "=\u0294a\u02d0", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lHupa-0", "name": "=\u0294a\u02d0", "description": "Sapir & Golla 2001: 730, 731; Golla 1996a: 40. A classificatory verb whose general meaning is 'to handle a round object'. The set =\u0294a-\u028d (< *=\u0294a\u02d0-\u028d) / =\u0294a\u02d0-n (< *=\u0294a\u02d0-n-i) is directional imperfective/perfective, =\u0294a\u02d0 / =\u0294a-\u0294 (< *=\u0294a\u02d0-\u0294) is nondirectional imperfective/perfective [Golla 1977: 357].", "markup_description": "Sapir & Golla 2001: 730, 731; Golla 1996a: 40. A classificatory verb whose general meaning is 'to handle a round object'. The set =\u0294a-\u028d (< *=\u0294a\u02d0-\u028d) / =\u0294a\u02d0-n (< *=\u0294a\u02d0-n-i) is directional imperfective/perfective, =\u0294a\u02d0 / =\u0294a-\u0294 (< *=\u0294a\u02d0-\u0294) is nondirectional imperfective/perfective [Golla 1977: 357].", "valueset_pk": 1049, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1049, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lHupa", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 19, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1383, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lHupa-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1049, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1049, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lHupa", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 19, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=\u0294a\u02d0, N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 19, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "hupa1239", "ethnologue_code": "hup", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Hupa", "name": "Hupa", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.0982, "longitude": -123.68}, "name": "Hupa"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-123.68, 41.0982]}, "id": "Hupa"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1365, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": -1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lMattole-0", "name": "N/A", "description": "Not attested. Cf. the classificatory verb with the general meaning 'to handle round object', which could be the default expression for 'to give' (like in Hupa q.v.): directional imperfective =\u0294a\u02d0-x, directional perfective =\u0294a-\u014b [light; < *=\u0294a\u02d0-n] / =\u0294a\u02d0-n [heavy; < *=\u0294a\u02d0-n-i], nondirectional imperfective =\u0294a\u02d0 [light] / =\u0294a-i [heavy; < *=\u0294a\u02d0-i], nondirectional perfective =\u0294a-\u0294 [Li 1930: 72]. <br/><br/>\tBear River dialect: not attested.", "markup_description": "Not attested. Cf. the classificatory verb with the general meaning 'to handle round object', which could be the default expression for 'to give' (like in Hupa q.v.): directional imperfective =\u0294a\u02d0-x, directional perfective =\u0294a-\u014b [light; < *=\u0294a\u02d0-n] / =\u0294a\u02d0-n [heavy; < *=\u0294a\u02d0-n-i], nondirectional imperfective =\u0294a\u02d0 [light] / =\u0294a-i [heavy; < *=\u0294a\u02d0-i], nondirectional perfective =\u0294a-\u0294 [Li 1930: 72]. <br/><br/>\tBear River dialect: not attested.", "valueset_pk": 1050, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1050, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lMattole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 20, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1384, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lMattole-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1050, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1050, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lMattole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 20, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "N/A, N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 20, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "matt1238", "ethnologue_code": "mvb", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Mattole", "name": "Mattole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 40.4321, "longitude": -122.863}, "name": "Mattole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-122.863, 40.4321]}, "id": "Mattole"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1366, "ipa": "=\u0294a ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lKato-0", "name": "=\u0294a ", "description": "Goddard 1912: 59 (sub =\u0294ai\u0294 and =\u0294a\u014b). A classificatory verb whose general meaning is 'to handle a round object'. Among several classificatory verbs, used in the meaning 'to give' with corresponding specific objects, =\u0294a is the most generic one. Interrogative contexts like \"What did you give him?\" are not documented in [Goddard 1909], but contexts with generic objects are attested: \"All the people gave (=\u0294a) him different things (= made him presents of all kinds)\" [Goddard 1909: 102 No. 5], \"Many people [...] gave (=\u0294a-\u014b) him various presents\" [Goddard 1909: 157 No. 7]. Attested paradigmatic forms: directional imperfective =\u0294a-\u0161, directional perfective =\u0294a-\u014b < *=\u0294a\u02d0-n, nondirectional imperfective =\u0294a\u02d0 / =\u0294a-i, nondirectional perfective =\u0294a-\u0294 (also secondary =\u0294a-i-\u0294).", "markup_description": "Goddard 1912: 59 (sub =\u0294ai\u0294 and =\u0294a\u014b). A classificatory verb whose general meaning is 'to handle a round object'. Among several classificatory verbs, used in the meaning 'to give' with corresponding specific objects, =\u0294a is the most generic one. Interrogative contexts like \"What did you give him?\" are not documented in [Goddard 1909], but contexts with generic objects are attested: \"All the people gave (=\u0294a) him different things (= made him presents of all kinds)\" [Goddard 1909: 102 No. 5], \"Many people [...] gave (=\u0294a-\u014b) him various presents\" [Goddard 1909: 157 No. 7]. Attested paradigmatic forms: directional imperfective =\u0294a-\u0161, directional perfective =\u0294a-\u014b < *=\u0294a\u02d0-n, nondirectional imperfective =\u0294a\u02d0 / =\u0294a-i, nondirectional perfective =\u0294a-\u0294 (also secondary =\u0294a-i-\u0294).", "valueset_pk": 1051, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1051, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lKato", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 21, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1385, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lKato-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1051, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1051, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lKato", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 21, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=\u0294a , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 21, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "kato1244", "ethnologue_code": "ktw", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Kato", "name": "Kato", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 39.7002, "longitude": -123.432}, "name": "Kato"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-123.432, 39.7002]}, "id": "Kato"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1367, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": -1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lTaldashGalice-0", "name": "N/A", "description": "Not attested. Cf. the classificatory verb with the general meaning 'to handle round solid object', which could be the default expression for 'to give' (like in Hupa q.v.): =\u0294a-\u0161 [imperf.] / =\u0294\u00e3\u02d0 < *=\u0294a\u02d0-n [perf.] [Ho\u0133er 1973: 63 No. 11].", "markup_description": "Not attested. Cf. the classificatory verb with the general meaning 'to handle round solid object', which could be the default expression for 'to give' (like in Hupa q.v.): =\u0294a-\u0161 [imperf.] / =\u0294\u00e3\u02d0 < *=\u0294a\u02d0-n [perf.] [Ho\u0133er 1973: 63 No. 11].", "valueset_pk": 1052, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1052, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lTaldashGalice", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 22, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1386, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lTaldashGalice-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1052, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1052, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lTaldashGalice", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 22, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "N/A, N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 22, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "gali1261", "ethnologue_code": "gce", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "TaldashGalice", "name": "Taldash Galice", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 45.3914, "longitude": -120.75}, "name": "Taldash Galice"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-120.75, 45.3914]}, "id": "TaldashGalice"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1368, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": -1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lUpperInletTanaina-0", "name": "N/A", "description": "Not attested.", "markup_description": "Not attested.", "valueset_pk": 1053, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1053, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lUpperInletTanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 23, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1387, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lUpperInletTanaina-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1053, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1053, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lUpperInletTanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 23, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "N/A, N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 23, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "tana1289", "ethnologue_code": "tfn", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "UpperInletTanaina", "name": "Upper Inlet Tanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 60.4712, "longitude": -150.759}, "name": "Upper Inlet Tanaina"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-150.759, 60.4712]}, "id": "UpperInletTanaina"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1369, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": -1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lOuterInletTanaina-0", "name": "N/A", "description": "Not attested.", "markup_description": "Not attested.", "valueset_pk": 1054, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1054, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lOuterInletTanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 24, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1388, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lOuterInletTanaina-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1054, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1054, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lOuterInletTanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 24, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "N/A, N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 24, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "tana1289", "ethnologue_code": "tfn", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "OuterInletTanaina", "name": "Outer Inlet Tanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 60.4712, "longitude": -150.759}, "name": "Outer Inlet Tanaina"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-150.759, 60.4712]}, "id": "OuterInletTanaina"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1370, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": -1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lInlandTanaina-0", "name": "N/A", "description": "As follows from [Wassillie 1979: 44; Tenenbaum 1978: 132 ff.; Holton et al. 2004: 40 ff.], 'to give' is expressed by the so-called classificatory verbs with the general meaning 'to handle OBJ'. The choice of a specific verb depends on the kind of object (elongated, fabric-like, plural, and so on), see [Tenenbaum 1978: 132 ff.; Holton et al. 2004: 40 ff.] for the Inland classificatory verbs and [Boraas 2010: 118] for the Outer Inlet ones. Which of the classificatory verbs is used as the default one (i.e., in contexts such as \"What did you give him?\" or \"Give me something\"), however, remains uncertain.\nCommon Tanaina notes: nan", "markup_description": "As follows from [Wassillie 1979: 44; Tenenbaum 1978: 132 ff.; Holton et al. 2004: 40 ff.], 'to give' is expressed by the so-called classificatory verbs with the general meaning 'to handle OBJ'. The choice of a specific verb depends on the kind of object (elongated, fabric-like, plural, and so on), see [Tenenbaum 1978: 132 ff.; Holton et al. 2004: 40 ff.] for the Inland classificatory verbs and [Boraas 2010: 118] for the Outer Inlet ones. Which of the classificatory verbs is used as the default one (i.e., in contexts such as \"What did you give him?\" or \"Give me something\"), however, remains uncertain.\nCommon Tanaina notes: nan", "valueset_pk": 1055, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1055, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lInlandTanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 25, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1389, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lInlandTanaina-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan\nCommon Tanaina notes: nan", "markup_description": "nan\nCommon Tanaina notes: nan", "valueset_pk": 1055, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1055, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lInlandTanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 25, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "N/A, N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 25, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "tana1289", "ethnologue_code": "tfn", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "InlandTanaina", "name": "Inland Tanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 60.4712, "longitude": -150.759}, "name": "Inland Tanaina"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-150.759, 60.4712]}, "id": "InlandTanaina"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1371, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": -1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lIliamnaTanaina-0", "name": "N/A", "description": "Not attested.\nCommon Tanaina notes: nan", "markup_description": "Not attested.\nCommon Tanaina notes: nan", "valueset_pk": 1056, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1056, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lIliamnaTanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 26, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1390, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lIliamnaTanaina-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan\nCommon Tanaina notes: nan", "markup_description": "nan\nCommon Tanaina notes: nan", "valueset_pk": 1056, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1056, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lIliamnaTanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 26, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "N/A, N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 26, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "tana1289", "ethnologue_code": "tfn", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "IliamnaTanaina", "name": "Iliamna Tanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 60.4712, "longitude": -150.759}, "name": "Iliamna Tanaina"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-150.759, 60.4712]}, "id": "IliamnaTanaina"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1372, "ipa": "=\u0294a\u02d0-n ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lCentralAhtena-0", "name": "=\u0294a\u02d0-n ", "description": "Kari 1990: 70, 527.   <br/><br/>\tLower Ahtena: =\u0294a\u02d0-n [Kari 1990: 70, 527].   <br/><br/>\tWestern Ahtena: =\u0294a\u02d0-n [Kari 1990: 70, 527].\nCommon Ahtena notes: Paradigm: =\u0294a\u02d0-n [imperf.] / =\u0294a-\u0294 [perf.], etc. A classificatory verb whose general meaning is 'to handle a compact object'. For the generic meaning 'to give', cf. the example \"he gave it to him\" [Kari 1990: 71]. With specific objects, other classificatory verbs with the corresponding meanings can be used.", "markup_description": "Kari 1990: 70, 527.   <br/><br/>\tLower Ahtena: =\u0294a\u02d0-n [Kari 1990: 70, 527].   <br/><br/>\tWestern Ahtena: =\u0294a\u02d0-n [Kari 1990: 70, 527].\nCommon Ahtena notes: Paradigm: =\u0294a\u02d0-n [imperf.] / =\u0294a-\u0294 [perf.], etc. A classificatory verb whose general meaning is 'to handle a compact object'. For the generic meaning 'to give', cf. the example \"he gave it to him\" [Kari 1990: 71]. With specific objects, other classificatory verbs with the corresponding meanings can be used.", "valueset_pk": 1057, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1057, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lCentralAhtena", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 27, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1391, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lCentralAhtena-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan\nCommon Ahtena notes: nan", "markup_description": "nan\nCommon Ahtena notes: nan", "valueset_pk": 1057, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1057, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lCentralAhtena", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 27, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=\u0294a\u02d0-n , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 27, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "ahte1237", "ethnologue_code": "aht", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "CentralAhtena", "name": "Central Ahtena", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 61.7068, "longitude": -144.889}, "name": "Central Ahtena"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-144.889, 61.7068]}, "id": "CentralAhtena"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1373, "ipa": "=\u0294a\u02d0-n ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lMentastaAhtena-0", "name": "=\u0294a\u02d0-n ", "description": "Kari 1990: 70, 527.\nCommon Ahtena notes: Paradigm: =\u0294a\u02d0-n [imperf.] / =\u0294a-\u0294 [perf.], etc. A classificatory verb whose general meaning is 'to handle a compact object'. For the generic meaning 'to give', cf. the example \"he gave it to him\" [Kari 1990: 71]. With specific objects, other classificatory verbs with the corresponding meanings can be used.", "markup_description": "Kari 1990: 70, 527.\nCommon Ahtena notes: Paradigm: =\u0294a\u02d0-n [imperf.] / =\u0294a-\u0294 [perf.], etc. A classificatory verb whose general meaning is 'to handle a compact object'. For the generic meaning 'to give', cf. the example \"he gave it to him\" [Kari 1990: 71]. With specific objects, other classificatory verbs with the corresponding meanings can be used.", "valueset_pk": 1058, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1058, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lMentastaAhtena", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 28, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1392, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lMentastaAhtena-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan\nCommon Ahtena notes: nan", "markup_description": "nan\nCommon Ahtena notes: nan", "valueset_pk": 1058, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1058, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lMentastaAhtena", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 28, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=\u0294a\u02d0-n , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 28, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "ahte1237", "ethnologue_code": "aht", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "MentastaAhtena", "name": "Mentasta Ahtena", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 61.7068, "longitude": -144.889}, "name": "Mentasta Ahtena"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-144.889, 61.7068]}, "id": "MentastaAhtena"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1374, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": -1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lDogrib-0", "name": "N/A", "description": "The meaning 'to give' is expressed by the so-called classificatory verbs with the general meaning 'to handle OBJ'. The choice of a specific verb depends on the kind of object. Cf. the list in [Saxon & Siemens 1996: 170]: =t\u02b0\u00e8 'animate object', =\u0294\u00e0 'chunky object', =\u010d\u02b0\u00ed 'cloth object', =x\u00e9 'heavy object', =w\u00e1 'many things', =k\u02b0\u00e1 'plateful', =l\u00e9 'plural objects', =t\u02b0\u0129\u0300 'rigid object', =\u010d\u02b0\u00ed 'single object'. <br/><br/>\tWhich of the aforementioned classificatory verbs is used as the default one (i.e., in contexts such as \"What did you give him?\" or \"Give me something\") remains uncertain.", "markup_description": "The meaning 'to give' is expressed by the so-called classificatory verbs with the general meaning 'to handle OBJ'. The choice of a specific verb depends on the kind of object. Cf. the list in [Saxon & Siemens 1996: 170]: =t\u02b0\u00e8 'animate object', =\u0294\u00e0 'chunky object', =\u010d\u02b0\u00ed 'cloth object', =x\u00e9 'heavy object', =w\u00e1 'many things', =k\u02b0\u00e1 'plateful', =l\u00e9 'plural objects', =t\u02b0\u0129\u0300 'rigid object', =\u010d\u02b0\u00ed 'single object'. <br/><br/>\tWhich of the aforementioned classificatory verbs is used as the default one (i.e., in contexts such as \"What did you give him?\" or \"Give me something\") remains uncertain.", "valueset_pk": 1059, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1059, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lDogrib", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 29, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1393, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lDogrib-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1059, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1059, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lDogrib", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 29, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "N/A, N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 29, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "dogr1252", "ethnologue_code": "dgr", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Dogrib", "name": "Dogrib", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 63.17, "longitude": -117.25}, "name": "Dogrib"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-117.25, 63.17]}, "id": "Dogrib"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1375, "ipa": "=\u0294\u00e0 ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lNorthSlaveyHare-0", "name": "=\u0294\u00e0 ", "description": "Rice 1978: 252, 404, 504. Paradigm: =\u0294\u00e0 [imperf.] / =\u0294\u00f5\u0300 [perf.].  <br/><br/>\tThe meaning 'to give' is expressed by the so-called classificatory verbs with the general semantics 'to handle OBJ' / 'OBJ is in position'. The choice of the specific verb depends on the kind of object. Cf. the list of classificatory verbs in [Rice 1989: 779-788] (Rice's description is generally based on the South Slavey language, but the North Slavey system is very similar). A distinctive feature of North Slavey and South Slavey is that the classificatory verbs are separated into two synonymous sets. The distinction between the action described by these two sets can be very roughly explained as controlled/uncontrolled or polite/impolite (without negative connotations). E.g., a verb from the first set describes the action 'to give carefully and politely', a verb from the second one describes the action 'to give quickly', see [Rice 1989: 784, 787].  <br/><br/>\tAccording to [Rice 1989: 794], the most generic classificatory verbs combined with a wide spectrum of objects are \"controlled\" =\u0294\u00e0 [imperf.] / =\u0294\u00f5\u0300 [perf.] and \"uncontrolled\" =t=\u0161\u00f9. Cf. some examples for =\u0294\u00e0 / =\u0294\u00f5\u0300 'to give': \"He gave roe a rolled up blanket\", \"Let me have the knife\", \"I gave him cents\" [Rice 1978: 252]. Cf. some examples for =t=\u0161\u00f9 'to give' \"Give me the axe\", \"He handed me a pencil\", \"I handed him the baby\" [Rice 1978: 251].  <br/><br/>\tWe treat =\u0294\u00e0 / =\u0294\u00f5\u0300 and =t=\u0161\u00f9 as synonyms.", "markup_description": "Rice 1978: 252, 404, 504. Paradigm: =\u0294\u00e0 [imperf.] / =\u0294\u00f5\u0300 [perf.].  <br/><br/>\tThe meaning 'to give' is expressed by the so-called classificatory verbs with the general semantics 'to handle OBJ' / 'OBJ is in position'. The choice of the specific verb depends on the kind of object. Cf. the list of classificatory verbs in [Rice 1989: 779-788] (Rice's description is generally based on the South Slavey language, but the North Slavey system is very similar). A distinctive feature of North Slavey and South Slavey is that the classificatory verbs are separated into two synonymous sets. The distinction between the action described by these two sets can be very roughly explained as controlled/uncontrolled or polite/impolite (without negative connotations). E.g., a verb from the first set describes the action 'to give carefully and politely', a verb from the second one describes the action 'to give quickly', see [Rice 1989: 784, 787].  <br/><br/>\tAccording to [Rice 1989: 794], the most generic classificatory verbs combined with a wide spectrum of objects are \"controlled\" =\u0294\u00e0 [imperf.] / =\u0294\u00f5\u0300 [perf.] and \"uncontrolled\" =t=\u0161\u00f9. Cf. some examples for =\u0294\u00e0 / =\u0294\u00f5\u0300 'to give': \"He gave roe a rolled up blanket\", \"Let me have the knife\", \"I gave him cents\" [Rice 1978: 252]. Cf. some examples for =t=\u0161\u00f9 'to give' \"Give me the axe\", \"He handed me a pencil\", \"I handed him the baby\" [Rice 1978: 251].  <br/><br/>\tWe treat =\u0294\u00e0 / =\u0294\u00f5\u0300 and =t=\u0161\u00f9 as synonyms.", "valueset_pk": 1060, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1060, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lNorthSlaveyHare", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 30, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1394, "ipa": "=t=\u0283\u00f9 ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lNorthSlaveyHare-1", "name": "=t=\u0161\u00f9 ", "description": "Rice 1978: 251, 458, 504.", "markup_description": "Rice 1978: 251, 458, 504.", "valueset_pk": 1060, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1060, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lNorthSlaveyHare", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 30, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=\u0294\u00e0 , =t=\u0161\u00f9 ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 30, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "nort2942", "ethnologue_code": "scs", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "NorthSlaveyHare", "name": "North Slavey (Hare)", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 63.5, "longitude": -125.67}, "name": "North Slavey (Hare)"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-125.67, 63.5]}, "id": "NorthSlaveyHare"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1376, "ipa": "t\u0361\u026c\u02bc\u00e0\u02d0=...=\u0294\u00e0\u02d0-j\u0325 ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lTanacross-0", "name": "\u019b\u02bc\u00e0\u02d0=...=\u0294\u00e0\u02d0-y\u0325 ", "description": "Arnold et al. 2009: 131; Holton 2000: 269, 350. Paradigm: =\u0294\u00e0\u02d0-y\u0325 [imperf.] (or =\u0294\u00e1\u02d0-y\u0325?) / =\u0294\u00e3\u0300\u02d0 [perf.] / =\u0294\u00e0\u02d0-\u026c [fut.] / =\u0294\u00e2\u02d0-y [opt.]. <br/><br/>\tThe meaning 'to give' is expressed by the so-called classificatory verbs with the general meaning 'to handle OBJ' plus the specific prefix \u019b\u02bc\u00e0\u02d0=. The choice of a specific verb depends on the kind of object. Cf. the list in [Arnold et al. 2009: 29 ff., 131; Shinen 1958: 42]: =\u0294\u00e0\u02d0-y\u0325 [imperf.] / =\u0294\u00e3\u0300\u02d0 [perf.] 'general, compact object', =t\u02b0\u00ec\u02d0y\u0325 [imperf.] / =t\u02b0\u00e3\u0300\u02d0 [perf.] 'long object', =k\u02b0\u00e0\u02d0y\u0325 [imperf.] / =k\u02b0\u00e3\u0300\u02d0 [perf.] 'pourable object, object in open container', =\u010d\u02b0\u00f9\u02d0\u03b8 [imperf.] / =\u010d\u02b0\u00fa\u02d0\u03b8 [perf.] 'flat, flexible object', =\u010d\u02b0\u00f9\u02d0t [imperf.] / =\u010d\u02b0\u00fa\u02d0t [perf.] 'piece of food', =t\u02b0\u00e8\u02d0y\u0325 [imperf.] / =t\u02b0\u1ebd\u0300\u02d0 [perf.] 'living being', =\u026c\u032c\u00e8\u02d0y\u0325 [imperf.] / =\u019b\u00e0h [perf.] 'plural objects'. There is also an eighth classificatory verb for 'mushy object', mentioned in [Arnold et al. 2009: 30].", "markup_description": "Arnold et al. 2009: 131; Holton 2000: 269, 350. Paradigm: =\u0294\u00e0\u02d0-y\u0325 [imperf.] (or =\u0294\u00e1\u02d0-y\u0325?) / =\u0294\u00e3\u0300\u02d0 [perf.] / =\u0294\u00e0\u02d0-\u026c [fut.] / =\u0294\u00e2\u02d0-y [opt.]. <br/><br/>\tThe meaning 'to give' is expressed by the so-called classificatory verbs with the general meaning 'to handle OBJ' plus the specific prefix \u019b\u02bc\u00e0\u02d0=. The choice of a specific verb depends on the kind of object. Cf. the list in [Arnold et al. 2009: 29 ff., 131; Shinen 1958: 42]: =\u0294\u00e0\u02d0-y\u0325 [imperf.] / =\u0294\u00e3\u0300\u02d0 [perf.] 'general, compact object', =t\u02b0\u00ec\u02d0y\u0325 [imperf.] / =t\u02b0\u00e3\u0300\u02d0 [perf.] 'long object', =k\u02b0\u00e0\u02d0y\u0325 [imperf.] / =k\u02b0\u00e3\u0300\u02d0 [perf.] 'pourable object, object in open container', =\u010d\u02b0\u00f9\u02d0\u03b8 [imperf.] / =\u010d\u02b0\u00fa\u02d0\u03b8 [perf.] 'flat, flexible object', =\u010d\u02b0\u00f9\u02d0t [imperf.] / =\u010d\u02b0\u00fa\u02d0t [perf.] 'piece of food', =t\u02b0\u00e8\u02d0y\u0325 [imperf.] / =t\u02b0\u1ebd\u0300\u02d0 [perf.] 'living being', =\u026c\u032c\u00e8\u02d0y\u0325 [imperf.] / =\u019b\u00e0h [perf.] 'plural objects'. There is also an eighth classificatory verb for 'mushy object', mentioned in [Arnold et al. 2009: 30].", "valueset_pk": 1061, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1061, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lTanacross", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 31, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1395, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lTanacross-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1061, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1061, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lTanacross", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 31, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "\u019b\u02bc\u00e0\u02d0=...=\u0294\u00e0\u02d0-y\u0325 , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 31, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "tana1290", "ethnologue_code": "tcb", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Tanacross", "name": "Tanacross", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 63.4046, "longitude": -143.338}, "name": "Tanacross"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-143.338, 63.4046]}, "id": "Tanacross"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1377, "ipa": "t\u0361\u026c\u02bca\u02d0=...=\u0294\u00e3\u02d0 ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lUpperTananaTetlin-0", "name": "\u019b\u02bca\u02d0=...=\u0294\u00e3\u02d0 ", "description": "Milanowski 2009: 115, 117. Paradigm: =\u0294\u00e3\u02d0 [imperf., perf.] / =\u0294a\u02d0-k [customary] / =\u0294a\u02d0-\u026c [fut.].  <br/><br/>\tThe meaning 'to give' is expressed by the so-called classificatory verbs with the general meaning 'to handle OBJ' plus the prefix \u019b\u02bca\u02d0=. The choice of any specific verb depends on the kind of object. Cf. the list in [Milanowski 2009: 114-117]: =\u0294\u00e3\u02d0 'general; round; hollow', =t\u02b0\u00e3\u02d0 'long; speaker's vegetation; fluid mass', =k\u02b0ay\u0325 'fluid; object in open container', =ndi\u02d0k 'fabric', =t\u02b0\u0129\u02d0 'living being', =\u019bah 'rope-like; plural objects'.", "markup_description": "Milanowski 2009: 115, 117. Paradigm: =\u0294\u00e3\u02d0 [imperf., perf.] / =\u0294a\u02d0-k [customary] / =\u0294a\u02d0-\u026c [fut.].  <br/><br/>\tThe meaning 'to give' is expressed by the so-called classificatory verbs with the general meaning 'to handle OBJ' plus the prefix \u019b\u02bca\u02d0=. The choice of any specific verb depends on the kind of object. Cf. the list in [Milanowski 2009: 114-117]: =\u0294\u00e3\u02d0 'general; round; hollow', =t\u02b0\u00e3\u02d0 'long; speaker's vegetation; fluid mass', =k\u02b0ay\u0325 'fluid; object in open container', =ndi\u02d0k 'fabric', =t\u02b0\u0129\u02d0 'living being', =\u019bah 'rope-like; plural objects'.", "valueset_pk": 1062, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1062, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lUpperTananaTetlin", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 32, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1396, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lUpperTananaTetlin-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1062, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1062, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lUpperTananaTetlin", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 32, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "\u019b\u02bca\u02d0=...=\u0294\u00e3\u02d0 , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 32, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "uppe1437", "ethnologue_code": "tau", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "UpperTananaTetlin", "name": "Upper Tanana (Tetlin)", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 62.6867, "longitude": -141.37}, "name": "Upper Tanana (Tetlin)"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-141.37, 62.6867]}, "id": "UpperTananaTetlin"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1378, "ipa": "t\u0361\u026c\u02bc\u0259=...=\u0294\u028c- ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lLowerTananaMinto-0", "name": "\u019b\u02bc\u0259=...=\u0294\u028c- ", "description": "Kari 1994: 20, 266. Paradigm: =\u0294\u028c-y\u0325 [momentaneous imperf.] / =\u0294\u028c-n\u0325 [momentaneous perf.] / =\u0294\u028c-n\u0325 [neuter imperf.] / =\u0294\u028c-\u0294 [neuter perf.].  <br/><br/>\tThe meaning 'to give' is expressed by the so-called classificatory verbs with the general meaning 'to handle OBJ' frequently accompanied with the prefix \u019b\u02bc\u0259= [Kari 1994: 266]. The choice of any specific verb depends on the kind of object. The Lower Tanana system of classificatory verbs has not yet been described properly, but it seems that =\u0294\u028c- 'to handle compact object' is the most generic expression for 'to give'. Cf. some examples with \u019b\u02bc\u0259=...=\u0294\u028c- 'to give': \"I gave her the hat\", \"give him the plate\", \"hand me that book\" [Kari 1994: 20].", "markup_description": "Kari 1994: 20, 266. Paradigm: =\u0294\u028c-y\u0325 [momentaneous imperf.] / =\u0294\u028c-n\u0325 [momentaneous perf.] / =\u0294\u028c-n\u0325 [neuter imperf.] / =\u0294\u028c-\u0294 [neuter perf.].  <br/><br/>\tThe meaning 'to give' is expressed by the so-called classificatory verbs with the general meaning 'to handle OBJ' frequently accompanied with the prefix \u019b\u02bc\u0259= [Kari 1994: 266]. The choice of any specific verb depends on the kind of object. The Lower Tanana system of classificatory verbs has not yet been described properly, but it seems that =\u0294\u028c- 'to handle compact object' is the most generic expression for 'to give'. Cf. some examples with \u019b\u02bc\u0259=...=\u0294\u028c- 'to give': \"I gave her the hat\", \"give him the plate\", \"hand me that book\" [Kari 1994: 20].", "valueset_pk": 1063, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1063, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lLowerTananaMinto", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 33, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1397, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lLowerTananaMinto-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1063, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1063, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lLowerTananaMinto", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 33, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "\u019b\u02bc\u0259=...=\u0294\u028c- , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 33, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "lowe1425", "ethnologue_code": "taa", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "LowerTananaMinto", "name": "Lower Tanana (Minto)", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 64.8834, "longitude": -149.451}, "name": "Lower Tanana (Minto)"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-149.451, 64.8834]}, "id": "LowerTananaMinto"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1379, "ipa": "=\u0294a ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lCentralCarrier-0", "name": "=\u0294a ", "description": "Poser 1998/2013: 12, 1218, 1247; Poser 2011a: 98; Antoine et al. 1974: 310. Paradigm: =\u0294a [continuous imperf.] / =\u0294ai [continuous perf.] / =\u0294ai-h [momentaneous imperf.] / =\u0294ai [momentaneous perf.]. <br/><br/>\tThe meaning 'to give' is expressed by the so-called classificatory verbs with the general meaning 'to handle OBJ'. The choice of any specific verb depends on the kind of object. Cf. the list in [Poser 2011b: 36; Poser 1998/2013: 12; Antoine et al. 1974: 368 ff.]: =\u0294a 'non-plural generic object', =c\u032aai 'uncountable objects (sugar, berries)', =le 'plural default objects', =k\u02b0o 'contents of open container (cup of tea)', =t\u02b0an 'long rigid object (stick)', =t\u02b0e 'body (dog)', =\u010d\u02b0us\u032a 'two-dimensional flexible object (shirts)', =\u019b\u02b0e 'mushy stuff (mud)', =ce 'liquid (water); hay-like (hay)', =to 'fluffy stuff (down)', and some others which can be found in [Poser 1998/2013: 1247-1266].", "markup_description": "Poser 1998/2013: 12, 1218, 1247; Poser 2011a: 98; Antoine et al. 1974: 310. Paradigm: =\u0294a [continuous imperf.] / =\u0294ai [continuous perf.] / =\u0294ai-h [momentaneous imperf.] / =\u0294ai [momentaneous perf.]. <br/><br/>\tThe meaning 'to give' is expressed by the so-called classificatory verbs with the general meaning 'to handle OBJ'. The choice of any specific verb depends on the kind of object. Cf. the list in [Poser 2011b: 36; Poser 1998/2013: 12; Antoine et al. 1974: 368 ff.]: =\u0294a 'non-plural generic object', =c\u032aai 'uncountable objects (sugar, berries)', =le 'plural default objects', =k\u02b0o 'contents of open container (cup of tea)', =t\u02b0an 'long rigid object (stick)', =t\u02b0e 'body (dog)', =\u010d\u02b0us\u032a 'two-dimensional flexible object (shirts)', =\u019b\u02b0e 'mushy stuff (mud)', =ce 'liquid (water); hay-like (hay)', =to 'fluffy stuff (down)', and some others which can be found in [Poser 1998/2013: 1247-1266].", "valueset_pk": 1064, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1064, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lCentralCarrier", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 34, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1398, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lCentralCarrier-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1064, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1064, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lCentralCarrier", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 34, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=\u0294a , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 34, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "carr1249", "ethnologue_code": "crx", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "CentralCarrier", "name": "Central Carrier", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 54.3768, "longitude": -124.328}, "name": "Central Carrier"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-124.328, 54.3768]}, "id": "CentralCarrier"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1380, "ipa": "t\u0361\u026c\u02bco\u02d0=...=\u0294o\u02d0-j\u0325 ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lKoyukon-0", "name": "\u019b\u02bco\u02d0=...=\u0294o\u02d0-y\u0325 ", "description": "Henry & Henry 1965; Jett\u00e9 & Jones 2000: 40. Paradigm: =\u0294o\u02d0-y\u0325 [momentaneous imperf.] / =\u0294o\u02d0-n\u0325 [momentaneous perf.]. <br/><br/>\tThe meaning 'to give' is expressed by the so-called classificatory verbs with the general meaning 'to handle OBJ' / 'OBJ is in position' frequently accompanied with the prefix \u019b\u02bco\u02d0= [Jett\u00e9 & Jones 2000: 608]. The choice of any specific verb depends on the kind of object. Cf. the non-exhaustive list in [Henry & Henry 1965: 113]: =\u0294o\u02d0-y\u0325 / =\u0294o\u02d0-n\u0325 'round, solid object, or an object not otherwise classified (e.g., ball, rock, ball of rope, book, sun, clock, axe, barrel, bead, coin, house, village)'; =t\u02b0i\u02d0-y\u0325 / =t\u02b0o\u02d0n\u0325 'rigid, usually slender object (e.g., pencil, log, lumber, door, dried fish, one snowshoe, feather, arrow, boat, sled, blade of grass)' with =\u026c=t\u02b0i\u02d0-y\u0325 / =\u026c=t\u02b0o\u02d0n\u0325 'large, bulky object (e.g., mattress, packsack, bag of flour or sugar)'; =t\u02b0a\u02d0-y\u0325 / =t\u02b0a\u02d0-n\u0325 'animate or living being'; =q\u02b0o\u02d0-y\u0325 / =q\u02b0o\u02d0-n\u0325 'container and its contents (e.g., bowl of soup, cup of coffee, box of eggs, bucket of rocks, can of trash)'; =k\u02b0u\u02d0\u026c 'flexible or fabric-like object (e.g., article of clothing, blanket, tent, fishnet, piece of paper)'; =\u019b\u02b0a\u02d0\uab53 / =\u019b\u02b0a\u02d0q 'soft, sticky mass (e.g., cooked cereal, dough, soft mud)'; =k\u02b0u\u02d0t 'food that can be consumed immediately (e.g., a meal, soup, cooked meat)'; =no\u02d0\uab53 / =no\u02d0q 'powdery or granular mass not in a container (e.g., sand, flour, salt, sugar)'; =la\u02d0 / =lo\u02d0 'general plural class' plus =lya\u02d0 / =lyo\u02d0 'specialized plural class, usually small round objects of a large quantity and belonging to a set (e.g., unstrung beads, berries, rocks in a landslide, potatoes)'.", "markup_description": "Henry & Henry 1965; Jett\u00e9 & Jones 2000: 40. Paradigm: =\u0294o\u02d0-y\u0325 [momentaneous imperf.] / =\u0294o\u02d0-n\u0325 [momentaneous perf.]. <br/><br/>\tThe meaning 'to give' is expressed by the so-called classificatory verbs with the general meaning 'to handle OBJ' / 'OBJ is in position' frequently accompanied with the prefix \u019b\u02bco\u02d0= [Jett\u00e9 & Jones 2000: 608]. The choice of any specific verb depends on the kind of object. Cf. the non-exhaustive list in [Henry & Henry 1965: 113]: =\u0294o\u02d0-y\u0325 / =\u0294o\u02d0-n\u0325 'round, solid object, or an object not otherwise classified (e.g., ball, rock, ball of rope, book, sun, clock, axe, barrel, bead, coin, house, village)'; =t\u02b0i\u02d0-y\u0325 / =t\u02b0o\u02d0n\u0325 'rigid, usually slender object (e.g., pencil, log, lumber, door, dried fish, one snowshoe, feather, arrow, boat, sled, blade of grass)' with =\u026c=t\u02b0i\u02d0-y\u0325 / =\u026c=t\u02b0o\u02d0n\u0325 'large, bulky object (e.g., mattress, packsack, bag of flour or sugar)'; =t\u02b0a\u02d0-y\u0325 / =t\u02b0a\u02d0-n\u0325 'animate or living being'; =q\u02b0o\u02d0-y\u0325 / =q\u02b0o\u02d0-n\u0325 'container and its contents (e.g., bowl of soup, cup of coffee, box of eggs, bucket of rocks, can of trash)'; =k\u02b0u\u02d0\u026c 'flexible or fabric-like object (e.g., article of clothing, blanket, tent, fishnet, piece of paper)'; =\u019b\u02b0a\u02d0\uab53 / =\u019b\u02b0a\u02d0q 'soft, sticky mass (e.g., cooked cereal, dough, soft mud)'; =k\u02b0u\u02d0t 'food that can be consumed immediately (e.g., a meal, soup, cooked meat)'; =no\u02d0\uab53 / =no\u02d0q 'powdery or granular mass not in a container (e.g., sand, flour, salt, sugar)'; =la\u02d0 / =lo\u02d0 'general plural class' plus =lya\u02d0 / =lyo\u02d0 'specialized plural class, usually small round objects of a large quantity and belonging to a set (e.g., unstrung beads, berries, rocks in a landslide, potatoes)'.", "valueset_pk": 1065, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1065, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lKoyukon", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 35, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1399, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lKoyukon-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1065, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1065, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lKoyukon", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 35, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "\u019b\u02bco\u02d0=...=\u0294o\u02d0-y\u0325 , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 35, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "koyu1237", "ethnologue_code": "koy", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Koyukon", "name": "Koyukon", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 65.6093, "longitude": -154.229}, "name": "Koyukon"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-154.229, 65.6093]}, "id": "Koyukon"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1381, "ipa": "t\u0361\u026c\u02bco\u02d0=...=\u0294o\u02d0-j\u0325 ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lDegexitan-0", "name": "\u019b\u02bco\u02d0=...=\u0294o\u02d0-y\u0325 ", "description": "Taff et al. 2007. Paradigm: =\u0294o\u02d0-y\u0325 [imperf.] / =\u0294o\u02d0-n\u0325 [perf.]. The meaning 'to give' is expressed by the so-called classificatory verbs with the general meaning 'to handle OBJ' / 'OBJ is in position', frequently accompanied with the prefix \u019b\u02bco\u02d0=. Apparently =\u0294o\u02d0-y\u0325 'to handle compact object' [Kari 1976: 4] is used for the most generic expression for 'to give', cf. some examples: \"She gave it to me for Mothers' Day\", \"Give me half of that\", \"He gave me part of it\" [Taff et al. 2007].", "markup_description": "Taff et al. 2007. Paradigm: =\u0294o\u02d0-y\u0325 [imperf.] / =\u0294o\u02d0-n\u0325 [perf.]. The meaning 'to give' is expressed by the so-called classificatory verbs with the general meaning 'to handle OBJ' / 'OBJ is in position', frequently accompanied with the prefix \u019b\u02bco\u02d0=. Apparently =\u0294o\u02d0-y\u0325 'to handle compact object' [Kari 1976: 4] is used for the most generic expression for 'to give', cf. some examples: \"She gave it to me for Mothers' Day\", \"Give me half of that\", \"He gave me part of it\" [Taff et al. 2007].", "valueset_pk": 1066, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1066, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lDegexitan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 36, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1400, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lDegexitan-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1066, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1066, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lDegexitan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 36, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "\u019b\u02bco\u02d0=...=\u0294o\u02d0-y\u0325 , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 36, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "dege1248", "ethnologue_code": "ing", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Degexitan", "name": "Degexit'an", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 62.0697, "longitude": -160.044}, "name": "Degexit'an"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-160.044, 62.0697]}, "id": "Degexitan"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1382, "ipa": "=\u0294\u0252\u0300h ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lSarsi-0", "name": "=\u0294\u0252\u0300h ", "description": "Li 1930b: 16; Cook 1984: 133, 140. Paradigm: =\u0294\u0252\u0300h [imperf.] / =\u0294\u0252\u0301 ~ =\u0294\u0252\u0301-n- [perf.]. <br/><br/>\tThe meaning 'to give' is expressed by the so-called classificatory verbs with the general meaning 'to handle OBJ'. The choice of any specific verb depends on the kind of object. Cf. the list in [Cook 1984: 140]: =\u0294\u0252\u0300h / =\u0294\u0252\u0301(n-) 'round, solid object'; =s=t\u02b0\u00e0h / =s=t\u02b0\u00ed(n-) 'sg. living being'; =t\u02b0\u00ech / =t\u02b0\u0252\u0301(n-) 'long object'; =V=k\u02b0\u0252\u0300h / =V=k\u02b0\u0252\u0301(n-) 'object with a dish'; =c\u00e1h / =\u010d\u00e0\u02d0\u017e ~ =\u010d\u00e0\u010d- 'grain-like object'; =s=c\u02b0\u00fas / =s=c\u02b0\u00f9\u02d0z 'fabric-like object'; =V=t\u02b0\u00e0s / =V=t\u02b0\u00e1\u02d0z ~ =s=t\u02b0\u00e1c- 'pl. living beings'; =l\u0252\u0301 'pl. object'.", "markup_description": "Li 1930b: 16; Cook 1984: 133, 140. Paradigm: =\u0294\u0252\u0300h [imperf.] / =\u0294\u0252\u0301 ~ =\u0294\u0252\u0301-n- [perf.]. <br/><br/>\tThe meaning 'to give' is expressed by the so-called classificatory verbs with the general meaning 'to handle OBJ'. The choice of any specific verb depends on the kind of object. Cf. the list in [Cook 1984: 140]: =\u0294\u0252\u0300h / =\u0294\u0252\u0301(n-) 'round, solid object'; =s=t\u02b0\u00e0h / =s=t\u02b0\u00ed(n-) 'sg. living being'; =t\u02b0\u00ech / =t\u02b0\u0252\u0301(n-) 'long object'; =V=k\u02b0\u0252\u0300h / =V=k\u02b0\u0252\u0301(n-) 'object with a dish'; =c\u00e1h / =\u010d\u00e0\u02d0\u017e ~ =\u010d\u00e0\u010d- 'grain-like object'; =s=c\u02b0\u00fas / =s=c\u02b0\u00f9\u02d0z 'fabric-like object'; =V=t\u02b0\u00e0s / =V=t\u02b0\u00e1\u02d0z ~ =s=t\u02b0\u00e1c- 'pl. living beings'; =l\u0252\u0301 'pl. object'.", "valueset_pk": 1067, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1067, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lSarsi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 37, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1401, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lSarsi-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1067, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1067, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lSarsi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 37, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=\u0294\u0252\u0300h , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 37, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "sars1236", "ethnologue_code": "srs", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Sarsi", "name": "Sarsi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 50.8822, "longitude": -114.301}, "name": "Sarsi"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-114.301, 50.8822]}, "id": "Sarsi"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5293, "ipa": "da-w ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lMeglenoRomanian-0", "name": "da-w {d\u00e1u\u032f}", "description": "Capidan 1935: 105-106. ", "markup_description": "Capidan 1935: 105-106. ", "valueset_pk": 4389, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4389, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lMeglenoRomanian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 40, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "da-w {d\u00e1u\u032f}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 40, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "megl1237", "ethnologue_code": "ruq", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "MeglenoRomanian", "name": "Megleno Romanian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.1174, "longitude": 22.3782}, "name": "Megleno Romanian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [22.3782, 41.1174]}, "id": "MeglenoRomanian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5294, "ipa": "d\u0252 ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lIstroRomanian-0", "name": "d\u0252 {d\u00e5}", "description": "Kova\u010dec 2010; S\u00e2rbu & Fr\u0103\u0163il\u0103 1998: 205; Byhan 1899: 207.", "markup_description": "Kova\u010dec 2010; S\u00e2rbu & Fr\u0103\u0163il\u0103 1998: 205; Byhan 1899: 207.", "valueset_pk": 4390, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4390, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lIstroRomanian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 41, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "d\u0252 {d\u00e5}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 41, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "istr1245", "ethnologue_code": "ruo", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "IstroRomanian", "name": "Istro Romanian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 45.433, "longitude": 14.2}, "name": "Istro Romanian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [14.2, 45.433]}, "id": "IstroRomanian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5295, "ipa": "da-w ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lAromanian-0", "name": "da-w {da\u016d}", "description": "Papahagi 1963: 376-377; Cunia 2010: 375-377; Bara et al. 2005: 205; Go\u0142\u0105b 1984: 211.", "markup_description": "Papahagi 1963: 376-377; Cunia 2010: 375-377; Bara et al. 2005: 205; Go\u0142\u0105b 1984: 211.", "valueset_pk": 4391, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4391, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lAromanian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 42, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "da-w {da\u016d}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 42, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "arom1237", "ethnologue_code": "rup", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Aromanian", "name": "Aromanian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 40.616, "longitude": 21.2}, "name": "Aromanian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [21.2, 40.616]}, "id": "Aromanian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5296, "ipa": "a=d\u02c8a ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lRomanian-0", "name": "a=d\u02c8a {a da}", "description": "DER 2004: 410; Bolocan et al. 1985: 281; Gancz 2015. Moldavian: <i>a=d\u02c8a</i> {a da} 'to give' [Podiko 1973: 156-157; Borsh & Zaporozhan 1990: 85-86].", "markup_description": "DER 2004: 410; Bolocan et al. 1985: 281; Gancz 2015. Moldavian: <i>a=d\u02c8a</i> {a da} 'to give' [Podiko 1973: 156-157; Borsh & Zaporozhan 1990: 85-86].", "valueset_pk": 4392, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4392, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lRomanian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 43, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "a=d\u02c8a {a da}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 43, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "roma1327", "ethnologue_code": "ron", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Romanian", "name": "Romanian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 46.3913, "longitude": 24.2256}, "name": "Romanian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [24.2256, 46.3913]}, "id": "Romanian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5297, "ipa": "dwo-r ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lDalmatian-0", "name": "dwo-r {du\u0361\u1ecdr}", "description": "Some examples are: {el maj\u00e8str\u0325 niderk\u00farn to\u010de dai\u032f ge d\u00faa u\u1e45 mis\u0307\u00fal de ve\u1e45} \"Mister Niederkorn gave them a glass of wine every day\"; {ju te d\u00fa joi\u032fna pu\u032fart} \"I will give you a part of it\" [Bartoli 2002: 242].", "markup_description": "Some examples are: {el maj\u00e8str\u0325 niderk\u00farn to\u010de dai\u032f ge d\u00faa u\u1e45 mis\u0307\u00fal de ve\u1e45} \"Mister Niederkorn gave them a glass of wine every day\"; {ju te d\u00fa joi\u032fna pu\u032fart} \"I will give you a part of it\" [Bartoli 2002: 242].", "valueset_pk": 4393, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4393, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lDalmatian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 44, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "dwo-r {du\u0361\u1ecdr}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 44, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "dalm1243", "ethnologue_code": "dlm", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Dalmatian", "name": "Dalmatian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 42.7095, "longitude": 18.0238}, "name": "Dalmatian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [18.0238, 42.7095]}, "id": "Dalmatian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5298, "ipa": "da\u02d0 ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lFriulian-0", "name": "da\u02d0 {d\u00e2}", "description": "Decorte 2015; Virili 2015; Pirona 1871: 121-122.", "markup_description": "Decorte 2015; Virili 2015; Pirona 1871: 121-122.", "valueset_pk": 4394, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4394, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lFriulian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 45, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "da\u02d0 {d\u00e2}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 45, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "friu1240", "ethnologue_code": "fur", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Friulian", "name": "Friulian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 46.1473, "longitude": 13.0493}, "name": "Friulian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [13.0493, 46.1473]}, "id": "Friulian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5305, "ipa": "d\u025b ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lLanzoTorinesePiemontese-0", "name": "d\u025b {d\u00e8}", "description": "Gisolo 2015.", "markup_description": "Gisolo 2015.", "valueset_pk": 4401, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4401, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lLanzoTorinesePiemontese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 52, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "d\u025b {d\u00e8}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 52, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "piem1238", "ethnologue_code": "pms", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "LanzoTorinesePiemontese", "name": "Lanzo Torinese Piemontese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 45.4633, "longitude": 8.32366}, "name": "Lanzo Torinese Piemontese"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [8.32366, 45.4633]}, "id": "LanzoTorinesePiemontese"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5306, "ipa": "de ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lBarbaniaPiemontese-0", "name": "de {d\u00e9}", "description": "Fiandro 2015; Brero 1976: 79.", "markup_description": "Fiandro 2015; Brero 1976: 79.", "valueset_pk": 4402, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4402, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lBarbaniaPiemontese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 53, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "de {d\u00e9}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 53, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "piem1238", "ethnologue_code": "pms", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "BarbaniaPiemontese", "name": "Barbania Piemontese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 45.4633, "longitude": 8.32366}, "name": "Barbania Piemontese"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [8.32366, 45.4633]}, "id": "BarbaniaPiemontese"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5307, "ipa": "de ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": 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"description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "CentralCatalan", "name": "Central Catalan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.453, "longitude": 1.569}, "name": "Central Catalan"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [1.569, 41.453]}, "id": "CentralCatalan"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5334, "ipa": "don-\u02c8a ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lNorthWesternCatalan-0", "name": "don-\u02c8a {donar}", "description": "Montagut 2015; Balletb\u00f2 2015.", "markup_description": "Montagut 2015; Balletb\u00f2 2015.", "valueset_pk": 4430, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4430, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lNorthWesternCatalan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 81, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "don-\u02c8a {donar}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 81, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "stan1289", "ethnologue_code": "cat", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "NorthWesternCatalan", "name": "North-Western Catalan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.453, "longitude": 1.569}, "name": "North-Western Catalan"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [1.569, 41.453]}, "id": "NorthWesternCatalan"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5335, "ipa": "dun-\u02c8a ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lMinorcanCatalan-0", "name": "dun-\u02c8a {donar}", "description": "Cardona 2015.", "markup_description": "Cardona 2015.", "valueset_pk": 4431, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4431, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lMinorcanCatalan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 82, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "dun-\u02c8a {donar}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 82, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "stan1289", "ethnologue_code": "cat", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "MinorcanCatalan", "name": "Minorcan Catalan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.453, "longitude": 1.569}, "name": "Minorcan Catalan"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [1.569, 41.453]}, "id": "MinorcanCatalan"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5336, "ipa": "don-\u02c8a-\u027e ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lCastellodelaPlanaCatalan-0", "name": "don-\u02c8a-\u027e {donar}", "description": "Barreda 2015.", "markup_description": "Barreda 2015.", "valueset_pk": 4432, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4432, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lCastellodelaPlanaCatalan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 83, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "don-\u02c8a-\u027e {donar}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 83, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "stan1289", "ethnologue_code": "cat", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "CastellodelaPlanaCatalan", "name": "Castell\u00f3 de la Plana Catalan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.453, "longitude": 1.569}, "name": "Castell\u00f3 de la Plana Catalan"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [1.569, 41.453]}, "id": "CastellodelaPlanaCatalan"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5337, "ipa": "don-\u02c8a-\u027e ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lValenciaCatalan-0", "name": "don-\u02c8a-\u027e {donar}", "description": "P\u00e9rez i Sanchis 2015.", "markup_description": "P\u00e9rez i Sanchis 2015.", "valueset_pk": 4433, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4433, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lValenciaCatalan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 84, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "don-\u02c8a-\u027e {donar}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 84, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "stan1289", "ethnologue_code": "cat", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "ValenciaCatalan", "name": "Valencia Catalan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.453, "longitude": 1.569}, "name": "Valencia Catalan"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [1.569, 41.453]}, "id": "ValenciaCatalan"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5338, "ipa": "don-\u02c8a-\u027e ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lManisesCatalan-0", "name": "don-\u02c8a-\u027e {donar}", "description": "Pedr\u00f3s 2015.", "markup_description": "Pedr\u00f3s 2015.", "valueset_pk": 4434, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4434, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lManisesCatalan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 85, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "don-\u02c8a-\u027e {donar}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 85, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "stan1289", "ethnologue_code": "cat", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "ManisesCatalan", "name": "Manises Catalan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.453, "longitude": 1.569}, "name": "Manises Catalan"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [1.569, 41.453]}, "id": "ManisesCatalan"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5341, "ipa": "da-\u027e ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lStandardPortuguese-0", "name": "da-\u027e {dar}", "description": "Voinova et al. 1989: 123.", "markup_description": "Voinova et al. 1989: 123.", "valueset_pk": 4437, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4437, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lStandardPortuguese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 88, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "da-\u027e {dar}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 88, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "port1283", "ethnologue_code": "por", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "StandardPortuguese", "name": "Standard Portuguese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 39.91, "longitude": -8.1}, "name": "Standard Portuguese"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-8.1, 39.91]}, "id": "StandardPortuguese"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5342, "ipa": "da-\u027e  ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lGalician-0", "name": "da-\u027e {dar} ", "description": "Montoya Bola\u00f1os 2015; Fern\u00e1ndez Armesto 1981: 251; Carr\u00e9 Alvarellos 1972: 945, 334-335. ", "markup_description": "Montoya Bola\u00f1os 2015; Fern\u00e1ndez Armesto 1981: 251; Carr\u00e9 Alvarellos 1972: 945, 334-335. ", "valueset_pk": 4438, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4438, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lGalician", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 89, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "da-\u027e {dar} ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 89, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "gali1258", "ethnologue_code": "glg", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Galician", "name": "Galician", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 42.2446, "longitude": -7.5343}, "name": "Galician"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-7.5343, 42.2446]}, "id": "Galician"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5343, "ipa": "dun-\u02c8a ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lProvencalOccitan-0", "name": "dun-\u02c8a {douna}", "description": "Coupier 1995: 433-434. Coupier mentions the term <i>bay-\u02c8a</i> {baia} as a synonym, but <i>dun-\u02c8a</i> {douna} prevails in the examples that are provided in the dictionary.", "markup_description": "Coupier 1995: 433-434. Coupier mentions the term <i>bay-\u02c8a</i> {baia} as a synonym, but <i>dun-\u02c8a</i> {douna} prevails in the examples that are provided in the dictionary.", "valueset_pk": 4439, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4439, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lProvencalOccitan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 90, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "dun-\u02c8a {douna}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 90, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "prov1235", "ethnologue_code": "oci", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "ProvencalOccitan", "name": "Proven\u00e7al Occitan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 44.0, "longitude": 6.0}, "name": "Proven\u00e7al Occitan"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [6.0, 44.0]}, "id": "ProvencalOccitan"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 5346, "ipa": "d\u0254n-e ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lStandardFrench-0", "name": "d\u0254n-e {donner}", "description": "Robert-Collins 1989: 273; Rayevskaya 2013: 390.", "markup_description": "Robert-Collins 1989: 273; Rayevskaya 2013: 390.", "valueset_pk": 4442, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 4442, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lStandardFrench", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 93, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "d\u0254n-e {donner}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 93, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "stan1290", "ethnologue_code": "fra", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "StandardFrench", "name": "Standard French", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 48.0, "longitude": 2.0}, "name": "Standard French"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [2.0, 48.0]}, "id": "StandardFrench"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 10066, "ipa": "ke\u0301 le\u0304\u0342 ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lSkou-0", "name": "ke\u0301 le\u0304\u0342 {ke\u0301 leng}", "description": "Donohue 2002: 27; Donohue 2004: 526. The first element is the verb \u2018to get\u2019, the second means namely \u2018to give\u2019 (Donohue 2004: 258). A generic verb of giving. Distinct from <i>w\u00e9 l\u1ebd</i> {w\u00e9 leng} \u2018to give\u2019 used with \u201cfeminine object\u201d (Donohue 2002: 76) as in \u201cI gave my string bag to dad to have a look at\u201d.", "markup_description": "Donohue 2002: 27; Donohue 2004: 526. The first element is the verb \u2018to get\u2019, the second means namely \u2018to give\u2019 (Donohue 2004: 258). A generic verb of giving. Distinct from <i>w\u00e9 l\u1ebd</i> {w\u00e9 leng} \u2018to give\u2019 used with \u201cfeminine object\u201d (Donohue 2002: 76) as in \u201cI gave my string bag to dad to have a look at\u201d.", "valueset_pk": 8943, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 8943, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lSkou", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 96, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "ke\u0301 le\u0304\u0342 {ke\u0301 leng}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 96, "parent_pk": 6, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "nucl1634", "ethnologue_code": "skv", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Skou", "name": "Skou", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -2.64378, "longitude": 140.902}, "name": "Skou"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [140.902, -2.64378]}, "id": "Skou"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 10929, "ipa": "tad-  ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lVartashenUdi-0", "name": "tad- {\u0442\u0430\u0434- ~ \u0442\u0430\u0441\u0442I\u0443\u043d} ", "description": "Gukasyan 1974: 258; F\u00e4hnrich 1999: 30; Dirr 1903: 40, 58, 69, 71; Schiefner 1863: 95; Schulze 2001: 324; Starchevskiy 1891: 485.\nCommon Udi notes: As is traditionally suggested (e.g., [Schulze 2005: 542 (3.4.2.1 #24)]) and now proven by the Caucasian Albanian data, Udi <i>tad-</i> is to be analyzed as <i>*ta=d-</i> with the preverb <i>ta-</i> 'thither' and the old root <i>d-</i> 'to give'. The latter lost its meaning in modern Udi and currently only functions as a light verb with general semantics [Schulze 2005: 572 ff. (3.4.2.2 #28 ff.)]. In all likelihood, Udi <i>d-</i> goes back to <i>*day- </i>< Proto-Caucasian Albanian-Udi <i>*da\u0281-</i> (with the shift <i>\u0281 > 0/y</i> in the intervocalic position before front vowels or before consonants), which was further reanalyzed as *<i>d-a- </i>and levelled up across the paradigm. Quite a different analysis has tentatively been proposed in [NCED: 1034] (whose authors were naturally not aware of the Caucasian Albanian data): Udi <i>ta-d-</i> with the hypothetical root <i>ta- </i>'to give', lacking East Caucasian <i>comparanda</i>.     \n\tNote also that in Caucasian Albanian the root of the present stem 'to give' is <i>lu\u0281-</i>, but it did not survive in modern Udi (as opposed to Caucasian Albanian, the Udi present forms are apparently secondary, originating from the infinitive; [Maisak 2008b: 164 ff.; Maisak 2008a: 115]).     \n\t<b>Caucasian Albanian</b>: A suppletive paradigm <i>lu\u0281-</i> (present) / <i>da\u0281-</i> (infinitive, past, imperative) with polysemy: 'to give / to deliver, hand over' [Gippert et al. 2008: II-44, 45, 51, IV-13]. Besides these, prefixed variants <i>ta=lu\u0281a-</i> / <i>ta=da\u0281-</i> are attested, which are closely synonymous to the plain forms in the palimpsests [Gippert et al. 2008: IV-17]. For the prefix/preverb <i>ta=</i> 'thither' see notes on 'to go'. ", "markup_description": "Gukasyan 1974: 258; F\u00e4hnrich 1999: 30; Dirr 1903: 40, 58, 69, 71; Schiefner 1863: 95; Schulze 2001: 324; Starchevskiy 1891: 485.\nCommon Udi notes: As is traditionally suggested (e.g., [Schulze 2005: 542 (3.4.2.1 #24)]) and now proven by the Caucasian Albanian data, Udi <i>tad-</i> is to be analyzed as <i>*ta=d-</i> with the preverb <i>ta-</i> 'thither' and the old root <i>d-</i> 'to give'. The latter lost its meaning in modern Udi and currently only functions as a light verb with general semantics [Schulze 2005: 572 ff. (3.4.2.2 #28 ff.)]. In all likelihood, Udi <i>d-</i> goes back to <i>*day- </i>< Proto-Caucasian Albanian-Udi <i>*da\u0281-</i> (with the shift <i>\u0281 > 0/y</i> in the intervocalic position before front vowels or before consonants), which was further reanalyzed as *<i>d-a- </i>and levelled up across the paradigm. Quite a different analysis has tentatively been proposed in [NCED: 1034] (whose authors were naturally not aware of the Caucasian Albanian data): Udi <i>ta-d-</i> with the hypothetical root <i>ta- </i>'to give', lacking East Caucasian <i>comparanda</i>.     \n\tNote also that in Caucasian Albanian the root of the present stem 'to give' is <i>lu\u0281-</i>, but it did not survive in modern Udi (as opposed to Caucasian Albanian, the Udi present forms are apparently secondary, originating from the infinitive; [Maisak 2008b: 164 ff.; Maisak 2008a: 115]).     \n\t<b>Caucasian Albanian</b>: A suppletive paradigm <i>lu\u0281-</i> (present) / <i>da\u0281-</i> (infinitive, past, imperative) with polysemy: 'to give / to deliver, hand over' [Gippert et al. 2008: II-44, 45, 51, IV-13]. Besides these, prefixed variants <i>ta=lu\u0281a-</i> / <i>ta=da\u0281-</i> are attested, which are closely synonymous to the plain forms in the palimpsests [Gippert et al. 2008: IV-17]. For the prefix/preverb <i>ta=</i> 'thither' see notes on 'to go'. ", "valueset_pk": 9694, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 9694, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lVartashenUdi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 98, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 10950, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lVartashenUdi-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "\nCommon Udi notes: ", "markup_description": "\nCommon Udi notes: ", "valueset_pk": 9694, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 9694, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lVartashenUdi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 98, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 10968, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lVartashenUdi-2", "name": "N/A", "description": "\nCommon Udi notes: ", "markup_description": "\nCommon Udi notes: ", "valueset_pk": 9694, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 9694, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lVartashenUdi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 98, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "tad- {\u0442\u0430\u0434- ~ \u0442\u0430\u0441\u0442I\u0443\u043d} , N/A, N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 98, "parent_pk": 7, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "udii1243", "ethnologue_code": "udi", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "VartashenUdi", "name": "Vartashen Udi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 40.9, "longitude": 47.7236}, "name": "Vartashen Udi"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [47.7236, 40.9]}, "id": "VartashenUdi"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 10930, "ipa": "=t\u0361\u026co- ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lArchi-0", "name": "=\u019bo- ", "description": "Chumakina et al. 2007; Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 68; Kibrik et al. 1977b: 267, 356; Kibrik et al. 1977a 3: 242; Comrie & Khalilov 2010: 528; Mikailov 1967: 192; Dirr 1908: 200, 207. Complex imperative: <i>=\u019b\u02c8a-ba</i> [Kibrik et al. 1977a 2: 94].", "markup_description": "Chumakina et al. 2007; Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 68; Kibrik et al. 1977b: 267, 356; Kibrik et al. 1977a 3: 242; Comrie & Khalilov 2010: 528; Mikailov 1967: 192; Dirr 1908: 200, 207. Complex imperative: <i>=\u019b\u02c8a-ba</i> [Kibrik et al. 1977a 2: 94].", "valueset_pk": 9695, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 9695, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lArchi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 99, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=\u019bo- ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 99, "parent_pk": 7, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "arch1244", "ethnologue_code": "aqc", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Archi", "name": "Archi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 42.3239, "longitude": 46.8267}, "name": "Archi"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [46.8267, 42.3239]}, "id": "Archi"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 10931, "ipa": "v=ut\u0361s\u02bcn- ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lKrytsproper-0", "name": "v=uc\u02bcn- ", "description": "Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 68. Suppletive paradigm: <i>v=uc\u02bcn-</i> [imperf.] / <i>vu-</i> [perf.] / <i>v\u00e4t</i> [imv.]. In [NCED: 626] the imperfective stem is quoted as <i>v=\u0268c\u02bcin-</i>. Initial <i>v=</i> is the preverb 'near' [Saadiev 1994: 424].", "markup_description": "Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 68. Suppletive paradigm: <i>v=uc\u02bcn-</i> [imperf.] / <i>vu-</i> [perf.] / <i>v\u00e4t</i> [imv.]. In [NCED: 626] the imperfective stem is quoted as <i>v=\u0268c\u02bcin-</i>. Initial <i>v=</i> is the preverb 'near' [Saadiev 1994: 424].", "valueset_pk": 9696, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 9696, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lKrytsproper", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 100, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 10951, "ipa": "vu- ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lKrytsproper-1", "name": "vu- ", "description": "Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 68; Comrie & Khalilov 2010: 528. Perfective stem.", "markup_description": "Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 68; Comrie & Khalilov 2010: 528. Perfective stem.", "valueset_pk": 9696, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 9696, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lKrytsproper", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 100, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "v=uc\u02bcn- , vu- ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 100, "parent_pk": 7, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "kryt1240", "ethnologue_code": "kry", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Krytsproper", "name": "Kryts (proper)", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.1811, "longitude": 48.1846}, "name": "Kryts (proper)"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [48.1846, 41.1811]}, "id": "Krytsproper"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 10933, "ipa": "jut\u0361s\u02bcu-  ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lBudukh-0", "name": "yuc\u02bcu- {\u0439\u0443\u0446I\u0443-} ", "description": "Meylanova 1984: 74, 210; Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 68; Comrie & Khalilov 2010: 528. Suppletive paradigm: <i>yuc\u02bcu- </i>[imperf.] / <i>y\u0268v\u0259-</i> [perf.] / <i>yut-</i> [imv.]. Initial <i>y-</i> may theoretically be the preverb 'across' [Alekseev 1994: 271].  \n\tDistinct from <i>esi-</i> (<i>e-l-si-</i>) 'to give back, return' [Meylanova 1984: 166; Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 68].", "markup_description": "Meylanova 1984: 74, 210; Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 68; Comrie & Khalilov 2010: 528. Suppletive paradigm: <i>yuc\u02bcu- </i>[imperf.] / <i>y\u0268v\u0259-</i> [perf.] / <i>yut-</i> [imv.]. Initial <i>y-</i> may theoretically be the preverb 'across' [Alekseev 1994: 271].  \n\tDistinct from <i>esi-</i> (<i>e-l-si-</i>) 'to give back, return' [Meylanova 1984: 166; Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 68].", "valueset_pk": 9698, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 9698, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lBudukh", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 102, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 10953, "ipa": "j\u0268v\u0259-  ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lBudukh-1", "name": "y\u0268v\u0259- {\u0439\u044b\u0432\u0430-} ", "description": "Meylanova 1984: 74, 210; Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 68. Perfective stem.", "markup_description": "Meylanova 1984: 74, 210; Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 68. Perfective stem.", "valueset_pk": 9698, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 9698, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lBudukh", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 102, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "yuc\u02bcu- {\u0439\u0443\u0446I\u0443-} , y\u0268v\u0259- {\u0439\u044b\u0432\u0430-} ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 102, "parent_pk": 7, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "budu1248", "ethnologue_code": "bdk", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Budukh", "name": "Budukh", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.2272, "longitude": 48.3353}, "name": "Budukh"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [48.3353, 41.2272]}, "id": "Budukh"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 10937, "ipa": "CLASS=w=\u0268t\u0361s\u02bc-  ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lMukhadRutul-0", "name": "CLASS=w=\u0268c\u02bc- {\u0432\u044b\u0441} ", "description": "Dirr 1912: 128, 189; Ibragimov 1978: 85, 87, 101, 107; Makhmudova 2001: 247; Comrie & Khalilov 2010: 528.   \n\tSuppletive paradigm: CLASS=<i>w=\u0268=l=c\u02bc-a-r- </i>[imperf.] / CLASS=<i>w-\u0268-r </i>[perf.] / CLASS=<i>w-i</i> [imv.]. It must be noted that according to [Ibragimov 1978: 85], the modern imperative form is CLASS=<i>iy</i>, where the original root consonant <i>-w-</i> was reanalyzed as the class 3 exponent. In [Dirr 1912], the imperfective and perfective stems are quoted with the assimilated sequence <i>-wu-</i> instead of <i>-w\u0268-</i>.\nCommon Rutul notes: The suppletive paradigms generally coincide in all dialects. Note the rare imperfective infix <i>-l-</i> in Mukhad and Luchek. Initial<i> w=</i> in the imperfective stem (Mukhad, Luchek) seems a rare (or unique) case of the prefix <i>w=</i> (cf. the same prefixal morpheme in the Kryts imperfective stem).", "markup_description": "Dirr 1912: 128, 189; Ibragimov 1978: 85, 87, 101, 107; Makhmudova 2001: 247; Comrie & Khalilov 2010: 528.   \n\tSuppletive paradigm: CLASS=<i>w=\u0268=l=c\u02bc-a-r- </i>[imperf.] / CLASS=<i>w-\u0268-r </i>[perf.] / CLASS=<i>w-i</i> [imv.]. It must be noted that according to [Ibragimov 1978: 85], the modern imperative form is CLASS=<i>iy</i>, where the original root consonant <i>-w-</i> was reanalyzed as the class 3 exponent. In [Dirr 1912], the imperfective and perfective stems are quoted with the assimilated sequence <i>-wu-</i> instead of <i>-w\u0268-</i>.\nCommon Rutul notes: The suppletive paradigms generally coincide in all dialects. Note the rare imperfective infix <i>-l-</i> in Mukhad and Luchek. Initial<i> w=</i> in the imperfective stem (Mukhad, Luchek) seems a rare (or unique) case of the prefix <i>w=</i> (cf. the same prefixal morpheme in the Kryts imperfective stem).", "valueset_pk": 9702, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 9702, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lMukhadRutul", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 106, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 10957, "ipa": "CLASS=w-\u0268-r ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lMukhadRutul-1", "name": "CLASS=w-\u0268-r ", "description": "Perfective stem.\nCommon Rutul notes: ", "markup_description": "Perfective stem.\nCommon Rutul notes: ", "valueset_pk": 9702, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 9702, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lMukhadRutul", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 106, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 10972, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lMukhadRutul-2", "name": "N/A", "description": "\nCommon Rutul notes: ", "markup_description": "\nCommon Rutul notes: ", "valueset_pk": 9702, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 9702, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lMukhadRutul", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 106, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "CLASS=w=\u0268c\u02bc- {\u0432\u044b\u0441} , CLASS=w-\u0268-r , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 106, "parent_pk": 7, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "rutu1240", "ethnologue_code": "rut", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "MukhadRutul", "name": "Mukhad Rutul", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.6187, "longitude": 47.3244}, "name": "Mukhad Rutul"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [47.3244, 41.6187]}, "id": "MukhadRutul"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 10939, "ipa": "CLASS=w=\u0268t\u0361s\u02bc- ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lLuchekRutul-0", "name": "CLASS=w=\u0268c\u02bc- ", "description": "Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 68. Imperfective stem. \n\tSuppletive paradigm: CLASS=<i>w=\u0268=l=c\u02bc-a-r- </i>[imperf.] / CLASS=<i>w-\u0268-r </i>[perf.] / CLASS=<i>w-\u0268y </i>[imv.].\nCommon Rutul notes: The suppletive paradigms generally coincide in all dialects. Note the rare imperfective infix <i>-l-</i> in Mukhad and Luchek. Initial<i> w=</i> in the imperfective stem (Mukhad, Luchek) seems a rare (or unique) case of the prefix <i>w=</i> (cf. the same prefixal morpheme in the Kryts imperfective stem).", "markup_description": "Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 68. Imperfective stem. \n\tSuppletive paradigm: CLASS=<i>w=\u0268=l=c\u02bc-a-r- </i>[imperf.] / CLASS=<i>w-\u0268-r </i>[perf.] / CLASS=<i>w-\u0268y </i>[imv.].\nCommon Rutul notes: The suppletive paradigms generally coincide in all dialects. Note the rare imperfective infix <i>-l-</i> in Mukhad and Luchek. Initial<i> w=</i> in the imperfective stem (Mukhad, Luchek) seems a rare (or unique) case of the prefix <i>w=</i> (cf. the same prefixal morpheme in the Kryts imperfective stem).", "valueset_pk": 9704, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 9704, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lLuchekRutul", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 108, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 10959, "ipa": "CLASS=w-\u0268-r ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lLuchekRutul-1", "name": "CLASS=w-\u0268-r ", "description": "Perfective stem.\nCommon Rutul notes: ", "markup_description": "Perfective stem.\nCommon Rutul notes: ", "valueset_pk": 9704, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 9704, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lLuchekRutul", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 108, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 10974, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lLuchekRutul-2", "name": "N/A", "description": "\nCommon Rutul notes: ", "markup_description": "\nCommon Rutul notes: ", "valueset_pk": 9704, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 9704, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lLuchekRutul", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 108, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "CLASS=w=\u0268c\u02bc- , CLASS=w-\u0268-r , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 108, "parent_pk": 7, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "rutu1240", "ethnologue_code": "rut", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "LuchekRutul", "name": "Luchek Rutul", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.6187, "longitude": 47.3244}, "name": "Luchek Rutul"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [47.3244, 41.6187]}, "id": "LuchekRutul"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 10940, "ipa": "it\u0361s\u02bc-an-di- ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lKoshanAghul-0", "name": "ic\u02bc-an-di- ", "description": "Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 68; Suleymanov 2003: 94. \n\tSuppletive paradigm: <i>ic\u02bc-an-di- </i>[imperf.] / <i>i-na-w </i>[perf.] / <i>i-s </i>[inf.] / <i>t-il </i>[imv.] / <i>ma=l=ic\u02bc-a</i> [prohib.]. Final <i>-w</i> in the perfective (aorist) form looks like a fossilized class exponent; <i>l=</i> in the prohibitive form is a spatial prefix [Magometov 1970: 158 ff.].\nCommon Aghul notes: A very irregular verb with three roots: <i>ic\u02bc-, i-, t-</i>, although the suppletive paradigms generally coincide in the dialects.", "markup_description": "Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 68; Suleymanov 2003: 94. \n\tSuppletive paradigm: <i>ic\u02bc-an-di- </i>[imperf.] / <i>i-na-w </i>[perf.] / <i>i-s </i>[inf.] / <i>t-il </i>[imv.] / <i>ma=l=ic\u02bc-a</i> [prohib.]. Final <i>-w</i> in the perfective (aorist) form looks like a fossilized class exponent; <i>l=</i> in the prohibitive form is a spatial prefix [Magometov 1970: 158 ff.].\nCommon Aghul notes: A very irregular verb with three roots: <i>ic\u02bc-, i-, t-</i>, although the suppletive paradigms generally coincide in the dialects.", "valueset_pk": 9705, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 9705, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lKoshanAghul", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 109, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 10960, "ipa": "i-na-w ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lKoshanAghul-1", "name": "i-na-w ", "description": "Perfective stem.\nCommon Aghul notes: ", "markup_description": "Perfective stem.\nCommon Aghul notes: ", "valueset_pk": 9705, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 9705, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lKoshanAghul", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 109, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 10975, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lKoshanAghul-2", "name": "N/A", "description": "\nCommon Aghul notes: ", "markup_description": "\nCommon Aghul notes: ", "valueset_pk": 9705, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 9705, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lKoshanAghul", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 109, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "ic\u02bc-an-di- , i-na-w , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 109, "parent_pk": 7, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "kosh1245", "ethnologue_code": "agx", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "KoshanAghul", "name": "Koshan Aghul", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.85, "longitude": 47.65}, "name": "Koshan Aghul"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [47.65, 41.85]}, "id": "KoshanAghul"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 10944, "ipa": "it\u0361s\u02bc-an-di- ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lAghulproper-0", "name": "ic\u02bc-an-di- ", "description": "Suleymanov 2003: 94; Shaumyan 1941: 147. Suppletive paradigm: <i>ic\u02bc-an-di- </i>[imperf.] / <i>i-na ~ yi-ne </i>[perf.] / <i>ye-s </i>[inf.] / <i>t-in </i>[imv.].", "markup_description": "Suleymanov 2003: 94; Shaumyan 1941: 147. Suppletive paradigm: <i>ic\u02bc-an-di- </i>[imperf.] / <i>i-na ~ yi-ne </i>[perf.] / <i>ye-s </i>[inf.] / <i>t-in </i>[imv.].", "valueset_pk": 9709, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 9709, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lAghulproper", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 113, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 10964, "ipa": "i-na ~ ji-ne ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lAghulproper-1", "name": "i-na ~ yi-ne ", "description": "Perfective stem.", "markup_description": "Perfective stem.", "valueset_pk": 9709, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 9709, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lAghulproper", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 113, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "ic\u02bc-an-di- , i-na ~ yi-ne ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 113, "parent_pk": 7, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "aghu1253", "ethnologue_code": "agx", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Aghulproper", "name": "Aghul (proper)", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.9242, "longitude": 47.5843}, "name": "Aghul (proper)"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [47.5843, 41.9242]}, "id": "Aghulproper"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 10945, "ipa": "l=it\u0361s\u02bc-\u02c8 ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lNorthernTabasaran-0", "name": "l=ic\u02bc-\u02c8 ", "description": "Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 68. Synchronically, a very irregular verb: <i>d=\u02c8u=l=\u0263- ~ l=ic\u02bc-\u02c8 </i>[imperf.] / <i>du=\u0294\u02c8uw-</i> <i>~ \u02c8a\u0263- </i>[perf.] / <i>d=\u02c8uw-</i> ~ <i>\u0263- </i>[inf.].   \n\tSimilarly in the Khanag subdialect:<i> t\u02d0=\u02c8u=l=\u0263- ~ l=ic\u02bc-\u02c8 </i>[imperf.] / <i>t\u02d0u=\u0294\u02c8u\u0263-</i> ~ <i>t\u02d0=\u02c8u\u0263-</i> <i>~ \u02c8a\u0263- ~ \u0263- </i>[perf.] / <i>t\u02d0=\u02c8u\u0263- ~ \u0263-</i> [inf.] / <i>t\u02d0=u\u0263 ~ \u010da ~ \u010daw</i> [imv.] 'to give' [Uslar 1979: 655, 920, 992; Dirr 1905: 162, 194, 205, 217, 227].   \n\tSimilarly in other subdialects: Khyuryuk<i> l=ic\u02bc-\u02c8 </i>[imperf.] / <i>a\u0263-\u02c8 </i>[perf.] / <i>t\u02d0=u\u0263 ~ \u010da </i>[imv.] / <i>t\u02d0=\u02c8u\u0263 ~ \u0263- </i>[inf.] {\u0433\u0433\u0443\u0432, \u0442\u0442\u0443\u0431\u0433\u0433\u0443\u0432} 'to give' [Genko 2005: 40, 146]; Arkit <i>l=ic\u02bc-\u02c8 </i>[imperf.] / <i>t=\u02c8uw-</i> [inf.] {\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0443\u0432} 'to give' [Genko 2005: 144].\nCommon Tabasaran notes: Initial <i>dV= </i>/ <i>t\u02d0= / t=</i> and <i>l= </i>are desemanticized spatial preverbs.  \n\tHistorically, a suppletive verb with two stems: <i>l=ic\u02bc- </i>[imperf.] / <i>TV=\u0294u\u0263-</i> [perf.]. This paradigm was totally levelled in Southern Tabasaran and is being currently eliminated in the Northern dialect. The manifold Northern forms with <i>\u0263</i> and <i>w</i> (< <i>\u0263</i>) illustrate the complicated reflection of Proto-Lezgian *<i>\u019b\u02d0</i> depending on the position, see [NCED: 134].", "markup_description": "Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 68. Synchronically, a very irregular verb: <i>d=\u02c8u=l=\u0263- ~ l=ic\u02bc-\u02c8 </i>[imperf.] / <i>du=\u0294\u02c8uw-</i> <i>~ \u02c8a\u0263- </i>[perf.] / <i>d=\u02c8uw-</i> ~ <i>\u0263- </i>[inf.].   \n\tSimilarly in the Khanag subdialect:<i> t\u02d0=\u02c8u=l=\u0263- ~ l=ic\u02bc-\u02c8 </i>[imperf.] / <i>t\u02d0u=\u0294\u02c8u\u0263-</i> ~ <i>t\u02d0=\u02c8u\u0263-</i> <i>~ \u02c8a\u0263- ~ \u0263- </i>[perf.] / <i>t\u02d0=\u02c8u\u0263- ~ \u0263-</i> [inf.] / <i>t\u02d0=u\u0263 ~ \u010da ~ \u010daw</i> [imv.] 'to give' [Uslar 1979: 655, 920, 992; Dirr 1905: 162, 194, 205, 217, 227].   \n\tSimilarly in other subdialects: Khyuryuk<i> l=ic\u02bc-\u02c8 </i>[imperf.] / <i>a\u0263-\u02c8 </i>[perf.] / <i>t\u02d0=u\u0263 ~ \u010da </i>[imv.] / <i>t\u02d0=\u02c8u\u0263 ~ \u0263- </i>[inf.] {\u0433\u0433\u0443\u0432, \u0442\u0442\u0443\u0431\u0433\u0433\u0443\u0432} 'to give' [Genko 2005: 40, 146]; Arkit <i>l=ic\u02bc-\u02c8 </i>[imperf.] / <i>t=\u02c8uw-</i> [inf.] {\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0443\u0432} 'to give' [Genko 2005: 144].\nCommon Tabasaran notes: Initial <i>dV= </i>/ <i>t\u02d0= / t=</i> and <i>l= </i>are desemanticized spatial preverbs.  \n\tHistorically, a suppletive verb with two stems: <i>l=ic\u02bc- </i>[imperf.] / <i>TV=\u0294u\u0263-</i> [perf.]. This paradigm was totally levelled in Southern Tabasaran and is being currently eliminated in the Northern dialect. The manifold Northern forms with <i>\u0263</i> and <i>w</i> (< <i>\u0263</i>) illustrate the complicated reflection of Proto-Lezgian *<i>\u019b\u02d0</i> depending on the position, see [NCED: 134].", "valueset_pk": 9710, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 9710, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lNorthernTabasaran", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 114, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 10965, "ipa": "d=\u02c8u\u0263- ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lNorthernTabasaran-1", "name": "d=\u02c8u\u0263- ", "description": "The second imperfective stem.\nCommon Tabasaran notes: ", "markup_description": "The second imperfective stem.\nCommon Tabasaran notes: ", "valueset_pk": 9710, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 9710, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lNorthernTabasaran", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 114, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 10979, "ipa": "du=\u0294\u02c8uw- ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lNorthernTabasaran-2", "name": "du=\u0294\u02c8uw- ", "description": "Perfective stem.\nCommon Tabasaran notes: ", "markup_description": "Perfective stem.\nCommon Tabasaran notes: ", "valueset_pk": 9710, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 9710, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lNorthernTabasaran", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 114, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "l=ic\u02bc-\u02c8 , d=\u02c8u\u0263- , du=\u0294\u02c8uw- ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 114, "parent_pk": 7, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "taba1259", "ethnologue_code": "tab", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "NorthernTabasaran", "name": "Northern Tabasaran", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 42.0198, "longitude": 47.8379}, "name": "Northern Tabasaran"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [47.8379, 42.0198]}, "id": "NorthernTabasaran"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 10947, "ipa": "\u0263u- ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lGyuneLezgi-0", "name": "\u0263u- ", "description": "Uslar 1896: 398, 609. Ablaut and suppletive paradigm: <i>\u0263u-</i> [imperf.] / <i>\u0263a-</i> [perf.] / <i>ce</i> [imv.].  \n\tThe same in Literary Lezgi:<i> gu-</i> [imperf.] / <i>ga-</i> [perf.] / <i>ce</i> [imv.] {\u0433\u0443\u043d} 'to give' [Talibov & Gadzhiev 1966: 89; Gadzhiev 1950: 157; Haspelmath 1993: 489, 520; Gyulmagomedov 2004, 1: 194]. <i>Pace</i> [NCED: 626], the imperative stem is <i>ce</i> (i.e. <i>c\u02b0e</i>), not <i>c\u02d0e</i>, as proved by both Uslar's and Haspelmath's transcription.", "markup_description": "Uslar 1896: 398, 609. Ablaut and suppletive paradigm: <i>\u0263u-</i> [imperf.] / <i>\u0263a-</i> [perf.] / <i>ce</i> [imv.].  \n\tThe same in Literary Lezgi:<i> gu-</i> [imperf.] / <i>ga-</i> [perf.] / <i>ce</i> [imv.] {\u0433\u0443\u043d} 'to give' [Talibov & Gadzhiev 1966: 89; Gadzhiev 1950: 157; Haspelmath 1993: 489, 520; Gyulmagomedov 2004, 1: 194]. <i>Pace</i> [NCED: 626], the imperative stem is <i>ce</i> (i.e. <i>c\u02b0e</i>), not <i>c\u02d0e</i>, as proved by both Uslar's and Haspelmath's transcription.", "valueset_pk": 9712, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 9712, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lGyuneLezgi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 116, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "\u0263u- ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 116, "parent_pk": 7, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "lezg1247", "ethnologue_code": "lez", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "GyuneLezgi", "name": "Gyune Lezgi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.5157, "longitude": 47.8951}, "name": "Gyune Lezgi"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [47.8951, 41.5157]}, "id": "GyuneLezgi"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 13623, "ipa": "da-t ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lOrbaniciChakavian-0", "name": "da-t {d\u0201t}", "description": "Kalsbeek 1998: 432. Imperfective form is <i>da\u02d0-v\u02c8a-t</i> {d\u0101v\u0201t} [Kalsbeek 1998: 432].", "markup_description": "Kalsbeek 1998: 432. Imperfective form is <i>da\u02d0-v\u02c8a-t</i> {d\u0101v\u0201t} [Kalsbeek 1998: 432].", "valueset_pk": 11909, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 11909, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lOrbaniciChakavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 120, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "da-t {d\u0201t}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 120, "parent_pk": 8, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "chak1265", "ethnologue_code": "hrv", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "OrbaniciChakavian", "name": "Orbanici Chakavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 47.544, "longitude": 16.626}, "name": "Orbanici Chakavian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [16.626, 47.544]}, "id": "OrbaniciChakavian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 13624, "ipa": "da-t ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lOrlecChakavian-0", "name": "da-t {d\u0201t}", "description": "Houtzagers 1985: 227. Imperfective form is <i>da-v\u02c8a-t</i> {dav\u0201t} ~ <i>d\u01ce\u02d0-va-t</i> {d\u00e3vat} Houtzagers 1985: 227].", "markup_description": "Houtzagers 1985: 227. Imperfective form is <i>da-v\u02c8a-t</i> {dav\u0201t} ~ <i>d\u01ce\u02d0-va-t</i> {d\u00e3vat} Houtzagers 1985: 227].", "valueset_pk": 11910, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 11910, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lOrlecChakavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 121, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "da-t {d\u0201t}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 121, "parent_pk": 8, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "chak1265", "ethnologue_code": "hrv", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "OrlecChakavian", "name": "Orlec Chakavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 47.544, "longitude": 16.626}, "name": "Orlec Chakavian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [16.626, 47.544]}, "id": "OrlecChakavian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 13625, "ipa": "d\u00e2-ti ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lVrgadaChakavian-0", "name": "d\u00e2-ti {d\u0201ti}", "description": "Juri\u0161i\u0107 1973: 42.", "markup_description": "Juri\u0161i\u0107 1973: 42.", "valueset_pk": 11911, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 11911, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lVrgadaChakavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 122, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "d\u00e2-ti {d\u0201ti}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 122, "parent_pk": 8, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "chak1265", "ethnologue_code": "hrv", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "VrgadaChakavian", "name": "Vrgada Chakavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 47.544, "longitude": 16.626}, "name": "Vrgada Chakavian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [16.626, 47.544]}, "id": "VrgadaChakavian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 13626, "ipa": "da-t ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lDevinskaNovaVesChakavian-0", "name": "da-t {d\u00e0t}", "description": "V\u00e1\u017en\u00fd 1927: 141.", "markup_description": "V\u00e1\u017en\u00fd 1927: 141.", "valueset_pk": 11912, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 11912, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lDevinskaNovaVesChakavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 123, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "da-t {d\u00e0t}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 123, "parent_pk": 8, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "chak1265", "ethnologue_code": "hrv", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "DevinskaNovaVesChakavian", "name": "Devinska Nova Ves Chakavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 47.544, "longitude": 16.626}, "name": "Devinska Nova Ves Chakavian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [16.626, 47.544]}, "id": "DevinskaNovaVesChakavian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 13627, "ipa": "d\u0252-t ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lBurgenlandKajkavian-0", "name": "d\u0252-t {d\u0201t} ~ da\u02d0-t {d\u0203t}", "description": "Houtzagers 1999: 239.", "markup_description": "Houtzagers 1999: 239.", "valueset_pk": 11913, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 11913, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lBurgenlandKajkavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 124, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "d\u0252-t {d\u0201t} ~ da\u02d0-t {d\u0203t}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 124, "parent_pk": 8, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "burg1244", "ethnologue_code": "hrv", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "BurgenlandKajkavian", "name": "Burgenland Kajkavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 47.544, "longitude": 16.626}, "name": "Burgenland Kajkavian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [16.626, 47.544]}, "id": "BurgenlandKajkavian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 13628, "ipa": "d\u02c8a\u02d0-ti ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lLjubljanaSlovene-0", "name": "d\u02c8a\u02d0-ti {dati}", "description": "Ogrinc 2014; Uhlik 2016. \nStandard Slovene: {dati} [Pretnar 1964: 139-140].", "markup_description": "Ogrinc 2014; Uhlik 2016. \nStandard Slovene: {dati} [Pretnar 1964: 139-140].", "valueset_pk": 11914, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 11914, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lLjubljanaSlovene", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 125, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "d\u02c8a\u02d0-ti {dati}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 125, "parent_pk": 8, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "slov1268", "ethnologue_code": "slv", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "LjubljanaSlovene", "name": "Ljubljana Slovene", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 46.2543, "longitude": 14.7766}, "name": "Ljubljana Slovene"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [14.7766, 46.2543]}, "id": "LjubljanaSlovene"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 13630, "ipa": "\u00f0a\u02d0-t ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lZatolminSlovenian-0", "name": "\u00f0a\u02d0-t {\u02c8\u0111a\u02d0t}", "description": "\u010cujec Stres 1: 127-128.", "markup_description": "\u010cujec Stres 1: 127-128.", "valueset_pk": 11916, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 11916, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lZatolminSlovenian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 127, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "\u00f0a\u02d0-t {\u02c8\u0111a\u02d0t}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 127, "parent_pk": 8, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "slov1268", "ethnologue_code": "slv", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "ZatolminSlovenian", "name": "Zatolmin Slovenian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 46.2543, "longitude": 14.7766}, "name": "Zatolmin Slovenian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [14.7766, 46.2543]}, "id": "ZatolminSlovenian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 13635, "ipa": "da-t ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lPilisszantoSlovak-0", "name": "da-t {dat}", "description": "Gregor 1975: 213. Polysemy: 'to give / to put'.", "markup_description": "Gregor 1975: 213. Polysemy: 'to give / to put'.", "valueset_pk": 11921, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 11921, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lPilisszantoSlovak", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 132, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "da-t {dat}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 132, "parent_pk": 8, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "slov1269", "ethnologue_code": "slk", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "PilisszantoSlovak", "name": "Pilisszanto Slovak", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 48.545705, "longitude": 18.78479}, "name": "Pilisszanto Slovak"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [18.78479, 48.545705]}, "id": "PilisszantoSlovak"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 13636, "ipa": "da-t\u0361\u0255 ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lWieciorkaLesserPolish-0", "name": "da-\u0255 {da\u0107}", "description": "Kuca\u0142a 1957: 264. SidG., Fac.: <i>da-\u0255</i> {da\u0107}. Imperfective form: <i>d\u02c8a-va-\u0255</i> {dava\u0107} [Kuca\u0142a 1957: 264].", "markup_description": "Kuca\u0142a 1957: 264. SidG., Fac.: <i>da-\u0255</i> {da\u0107}. Imperfective form: <i>d\u02c8a-va-\u0255</i> {dava\u0107} [Kuca\u0142a 1957: 264].", "valueset_pk": 11922, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 11922, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lWieciorkaLesserPolish", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 133, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "da-\u0255 {da\u0107}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 133, "parent_pk": 8, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "poli1260", "ethnologue_code": "pol", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "WieciorkaLesserPolish", "name": "Wieciorka Lesser Polish", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 51.8439, "longitude": 18.6255}, "name": "Wieciorka Lesser Polish"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [18.6255, 51.8439]}, "id": "WieciorkaLesserPolish"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 15182, "ipa": "dw\u0254\u0302-t\u02b2\u026a ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lStandardLithuanian-0", "name": "dw\u0254\u0302-t\u02b8\u026a {d\u00faoti}", "description": "Baronas I: 198.", "markup_description": "Baronas I: 198.", "valueset_pk": 13375, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 13375, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lStandardLithuanian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 136, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "dw\u0254\u0302-t\u02b8\u026a {d\u00faoti}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 136, "parent_pk": 9, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "lith1251", "ethnologue_code": "lit", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "StandardLithuanian", "name": "Standard Lithuanian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 55.1429, "longitude": 23.9601}, "name": "Standard Lithuanian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [23.9601, 55.1429]}, "id": "StandardLithuanian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 15183, "ipa": "dw\u0254\u0302-t ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lStandardLatvian-0", "name": "dw\u0254\u0302-t {d\u00f4t} ~ dw\u0254\u0304-t {d\u00f5t}", "description": "KLV 1988: 108; LVP 1995: 189. The prefixed variant <i>y\u025b\u030c=dw\u0254\u0302-t </i>{\u00eced\u00f4t} ~ <i>y\u025b\u030c=dw\u0254\u0304-t</i> {ied\u00f5t} is used as well [KLV 1988: 108; LVP 1995: 276].", "markup_description": "KLV 1988: 108; LVP 1995: 189. The prefixed variant <i>y\u025b\u030c=dw\u0254\u0302-t </i>{\u00eced\u00f4t} ~ <i>y\u025b\u030c=dw\u0254\u0304-t</i> {ied\u00f5t} is used as well [KLV 1988: 108; LVP 1995: 276].", "valueset_pk": 13376, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 13376, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lStandardLatvian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 137, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "dw\u0254\u0302-t {d\u00f4t} ~ dw\u0254\u0304-t {d\u00f5t}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 137, "parent_pk": 9, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "stan1325", "ethnologue_code": "lvs", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "StandardLatvian", "name": "Standard Latvian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 57.0, "longitude": 24.0}, "name": "Standard Latvian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [24.0, 57.0]}, "id": "StandardLatvian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 15374, "ipa": "pai-    ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lHittiteOld-0", "name": "pai-    ", "description": "CHD P: 40; HEG P: 376; Kloekhorst 2008: 614. Polysemy: 'to give / to pay / to grant / to hand over'. A <i>\u1e2bi-</i>conjugation verb; paradigm: <i>pai- / pi-</i>. OH+. Corresponds to Luwian (C) <i>pai-</i> 'to give', (H) <i>pia-</i> 'to give', Lycian <i>piye-</i> 'to give', Palaic iterative <i>pi-sa-</i> 'to give'. The IE etymology is unclear, cf. the discussion in [Kloekhorst 2008: 615].", "markup_description": "CHD P: 40; HEG P: 376; Kloekhorst 2008: 614. Polysemy: 'to give / to pay / to grant / to hand over'. A <i>\u1e2bi-</i>conjugation verb; paradigm: <i>pai- / pi-</i>. OH+. Corresponds to Luwian (C) <i>pai-</i> 'to give', (H) <i>pia-</i> 'to give', Lycian <i>piye-</i> 'to give', Palaic iterative <i>pi-sa-</i> 'to give'. The IE etymology is unclear, cf. the discussion in [Kloekhorst 2008: 615].", "valueset_pk": 13563, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 13563, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lHittiteOld", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 138, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "pai-    ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 138, "parent_pk": 10, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "hitt1242", "ethnologue_code": "hit", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "HittiteOld", "name": "Hittite (Old)", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 40.0, "longitude": 35.0}, "name": "Hittite (Old)"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [35.0, 40.0]}, "id": "HittiteOld"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 15611, "ipa": "\u014bu\u0272i ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lYandruwandha-0", "name": "\u014bu\u0272i {ngunyi}", "description": "Breen 2015a: 67. Some examples: {Pandiyintjadu kathi ngunyi} \u201cGive the dog some meat\u201d, {Pawangadi, pawa thungini ngunyirnanga ya ngarduparndrini ngunyirnanga} \u201cThey gave grinding stones, for seeds, and nardoo pounders\u201d, {Ngapala wiki parrkulu wiki parrkukurnu kara nhinapadapadarnanga thayirnanga palhatji thanha, ngala ngarndri-ngapirili thanha walthanarlayi karlukarlutji, ngunyinga nhinggikala yarruyi} \u201cThen for two or maybe three weeks they camp there, living on birds, while the birds feed on fish that their parents bring them and give them in the yard\u201d (Breen 2015a: 67).<br/>Strzelecki Yandruwandha: mana {mana} (Breen 2015a: 41).", "markup_description": "Breen 2015a: 67. Some examples: {Pandiyintjadu kathi ngunyi} \u201cGive the dog some meat\u201d, {Pawangadi, pawa thungini ngunyirnanga ya ngarduparndrini ngunyirnanga} \u201cThey gave grinding stones, for seeds, and nardoo pounders\u201d, {Ngapala wiki parrkulu wiki parrkukurnu kara nhinapadapadarnanga thayirnanga palhatji thanha, ngala ngarndri-ngapirili thanha walthanarlayi karlukarlutji, ngunyinga nhinggikala yarruyi} \u201cThen for two or maybe three weeks they camp there, living on birds, while the birds feed on fish that their parents bring them and give them in the yard\u201d (Breen 2015a: 67).<br/>Strzelecki Yandruwandha: mana {mana} (Breen 2015a: 41).", "valueset_pk": 13782, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 13782, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lYandruwandha", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 140, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "\u014bu\u0272i {ngunyi}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 140, "parent_pk": 12, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "yand1253", "ethnologue_code": "ynd", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Yandruwandha", "name": "Yandruwandha", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -28.4744, "longitude": 140.583}, "name": "Yandruwandha"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [140.583, -28.4744]}, "id": "Yandruwandha"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 15731, "ipa": "vate ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lRotokas-0", "name": "vate {vate}", "description": "Firchow et al. 1973: 144, 310; Firchow & Firchow 2008: 74, 110.", "markup_description": "Firchow et al. 1973: 144, 310; Firchow & Firchow 2008: 74, 110.", "valueset_pk": 13892, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 13892, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-give-lRotokas", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 141, "parameter_pk": 33, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "vate {vate}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 141, "parent_pk": 13, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "roto1249", "ethnologue_code": "roo", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Rotokas", "name": "Rotokas", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -5.94339, "longitude": 155.154}, "name": "Rotokas"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [155.154, -5.94339]}, "id": "Rotokas"}]}