{"type": "FeatureCollection", "properties": {"layer": "", "name": "to eat", "domain": []}, "features": [{"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 26, "ipa": "t\u032aaci ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lPittaPitta-0", "name": "t\u032aa\u0236i {t\u032aat\u02b8i}", "description": "Blake 1979: 241. Roth 1897: 38. Curr 1886: 365.<br/>Ngulupulu: {titia} \u2018eat\u2019 (Curr 1886: 369).<br/>Ringu-Ringu: {thetchi-linga} \u2018eat\u2019 (Curr 1886: 357).", "markup_description": "Blake 1979: 241. Roth 1897: 38. Curr 1886: 365.<br/>Ngulupulu: {titia} \u2018eat\u2019 (Curr 1886: 369).<br/>Ringu-Ringu: {thetchi-linga} \u2018eat\u2019 (Curr 1886: 357).", "valueset_pk": 23, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 23, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lPittaPitta", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 15, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "t\u032aa\u0236i {t\u032aat\u02b8i}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 15, "parent_pk": 1, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "pitt1247", "ethnologue_code": "pit", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "PittaPitta", "name": "Pitta Pitta", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -22.7952, "longitude": 139.983}, "name": "Pitta Pitta"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [139.983, -22.7952]}, "id": "PittaPitta"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 379, "ipa": "t\u032aaji-\u0273a ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lDieri-0", "name": "t\u032aayi-\u0273a {thayi-rna}", "description": "Austin 2013: 33.", "markup_description": "Austin 2013: 33.", "valueset_pk": 353, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 353, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lDieri", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 18, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "t\u032aayi-\u0273a {thayi-rna}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 18, "parent_pk": 3, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "dier1241", "ethnologue_code": "dif", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Dieri", "name": "Dieri", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -28.1667, "longitude": 138.0}, "name": "Dieri"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [138.0, -28.1667]}, "id": "Dieri"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1060, "ipa": "=ja\u02d0n", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lHupa-0", "name": "=ya\u02d0n", "description": "Sapir & Golla 2001: 805; Golla 1996a: 30; Golla 1996b: 388; Golla 1970: 154. The imperfective root variants are =ya\u014b < *=yan [light] / =ya\u02d0n < *=ya\u02d0n-i [heavy], the perfective root variants are =ya\u014b\u0294 < *=ya\u02d0n-\u0294 [light] / =ya\u0294n < *=ya\u02d0n-\u0294-i [heavy]. In [Golla 1996a], also the reduced root variant =yu\u014b [light imperf.] is quoted. Cf. the cognate noun k\u02bc\u02b8i-wi=yul 'what one eats (in general), food' < *=ya\u02d0n-\u026c-i [Golla 1996a: 37].  <br/><br/>\tDistinct from the ablaut verb =ye\u02d0 ~ =yeh [imperf.] / =ya\u02d0-n (< *=ya\u02d0-n-i) [perf.] \u2018to eat up, devour\u2019 [Sapir & Golla 2001: 805, 806, 820; Golla 1996a: 25]. The basic verb =ya\u02d0n \u2018to eat\u2019 looks like a result of generalization of the perfective stem of the aforementioned verb \u2018to devour\u2019.", "markup_description": "Sapir & Golla 2001: 805; Golla 1996a: 30; Golla 1996b: 388; Golla 1970: 154. The imperfective root variants are =ya\u014b < *=yan [light] / =ya\u02d0n < *=ya\u02d0n-i [heavy], the perfective root variants are =ya\u014b\u0294 < *=ya\u02d0n-\u0294 [light] / =ya\u0294n < *=ya\u02d0n-\u0294-i [heavy]. In [Golla 1996a], also the reduced root variant =yu\u014b [light imperf.] is quoted. Cf. the cognate noun k\u02bc\u02b8i-wi=yul 'what one eats (in general), food' < *=ya\u02d0n-\u026c-i [Golla 1996a: 37].  <br/><br/>\tDistinct from the ablaut verb =ye\u02d0 ~ =yeh [imperf.] / =ya\u02d0-n (< *=ya\u02d0-n-i) [perf.] \u2018to eat up, devour\u2019 [Sapir & Golla 2001: 805, 806, 820; Golla 1996a: 25]. The basic verb =ya\u02d0n \u2018to eat\u2019 looks like a result of generalization of the perfective stem of the aforementioned verb \u2018to devour\u2019.", "valueset_pk": 859, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 859, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lHupa", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 19, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1079, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lHupa-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 859, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 859, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lHupa", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 19, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=ya\u02d0n, N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 19, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "hupa1239", "ethnologue_code": "hup", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Hupa", "name": "Hupa", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.0982, "longitude": -123.68}, "name": "Hupa"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-123.68, 41.0982]}, "id": "Hupa"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1061, "ipa": "=ja\u02d0n ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lMattole-0", "name": "=ya\u02d0n ", "description": "Li 1930: 77. The imperfective root variants are =ya\u014b < *=ya\u02d0n [light] / =ya\u02d0n < *=ya\u02d0n-i [heavy], the perfective root variants are =ya\u014b\u0294 < *=ya\u02d0n-\u0294 [light] / =ya\u02d0\u0294n < *=ya\u02d0n-\u0294-i [heavy], see [Li 1930: 21 f.].    <br/><br/>\tDistinct from the ablaut verb =ye\u02d0 [imperf.] / =ya\u02d0h (< *=ya\u02d0-n) [light perf.] / =ya\u02d0-n (< *=ya\u02d0-n-i) [heavy perf.] with polysemy 'to eat (clean) up / to win (in gambling)' [Li 1930: 77].    <br/><br/>\tBear River dialect: =ya(h) / =ya\u014b 'to eat' [Goddard 1929: 315].", "markup_description": "Li 1930: 77. The imperfective root variants are =ya\u014b < *=ya\u02d0n [light] / =ya\u02d0n < *=ya\u02d0n-i [heavy], the perfective root variants are =ya\u014b\u0294 < *=ya\u02d0n-\u0294 [light] / =ya\u02d0\u0294n < *=ya\u02d0n-\u0294-i [heavy], see [Li 1930: 21 f.].    <br/><br/>\tDistinct from the ablaut verb =ye\u02d0 [imperf.] / =ya\u02d0h (< *=ya\u02d0-n) [light perf.] / =ya\u02d0-n (< *=ya\u02d0-n-i) [heavy perf.] with polysemy 'to eat (clean) up / to win (in gambling)' [Li 1930: 77].    <br/><br/>\tBear River dialect: =ya(h) / =ya\u014b 'to eat' [Goddard 1929: 315].", "valueset_pk": 860, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 860, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lMattole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 20, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1080, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lMattole-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 860, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 860, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lMattole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 20, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=ya\u02d0n , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 20, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "matt1238", "ethnologue_code": "mvb", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Mattole", "name": "Mattole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 40.4321, "longitude": -122.863}, "name": "Mattole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-122.863, 40.4321]}, "id": "Mattole"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1062, "ipa": "=jan ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lKato-0", "name": "=yan ", "description": "Goddard 1912: 61. The imperfective root variants are =ya\u014b < *=ya\u02d0n [light] / =yan < *=ya\u02d0n-i [heavy], the perfective root variant is =yan\u0294 < *=ya\u02d0n-\u0294-i [heavy].", "markup_description": "Goddard 1912: 61. The imperfective root variants are =ya\u014b < *=ya\u02d0n [light] / =yan < *=ya\u02d0n-i [heavy], the perfective root variant is =yan\u0294 < *=ya\u02d0n-\u0294-i [heavy].", "valueset_pk": 861, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 861, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lKato", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 21, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1081, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lKato-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 861, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 861, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lKato", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 21, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=yan , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 21, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "kato1244", "ethnologue_code": "ktw", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Kato", "name": "Kato", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 39.7002, "longitude": -123.432}, "name": "Kato"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-123.432, 39.7002]}, "id": "Kato"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1063, "ipa": "=j\u00e3\u02d0 ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lTaldashGalice-0", "name": "=y\u00e3\u02d0 ", "description": "Ho\u0133er 1973: 69; Ho\u0133er 1966: 326. Paradigm: =y\u00e3\u02d0 [imperf.] / =y\u00e3-\u0294 [perf.]. Also attested in a textual passage: \"I used to drink human blood early in the morning, and (only) then I would eat (\u010d\u02bca=\u0161=y\u00e3\u02d0) well\" [Jacobs 1968: 184 No. 11]. In [Ho\u0133er 1956: 223], the basic verb for 'to eat' is erroneously quoted as =ya.  <br/><br/>\tThere is actually a second verb for 'to eat' in [Ho\u0133er 1973: 68]: =k\u02b0at [imperf.] / =k\u02b0a\u0294 (< *=k\u02b0at-\u0294) [perf.]. Both =y\u00e3\u02d0 and =k\u02b0at are quoted by Ho\u0133er without semantic specifications and comments, but since =k\u02b0at is only attested in [Ho\u0133er 1973], it is likely that =k\u02b0at is a more marginal or semantically specific word, and, therefore, cannot be considered a full-fledged synonym of the basic verb =y\u00e3\u02d0.  <br/><br/>\tDistinct from the specific verb =ka\u0294s 'to eat grass-like food (e.g., spinach); to graze (intrans.)' [Ho\u0133er 1973: 67].", "markup_description": "Ho\u0133er 1973: 69; Ho\u0133er 1966: 326. Paradigm: =y\u00e3\u02d0 [imperf.] / =y\u00e3-\u0294 [perf.]. Also attested in a textual passage: \"I used to drink human blood early in the morning, and (only) then I would eat (\u010d\u02bca=\u0161=y\u00e3\u02d0) well\" [Jacobs 1968: 184 No. 11]. In [Ho\u0133er 1956: 223], the basic verb for 'to eat' is erroneously quoted as =ya.  <br/><br/>\tThere is actually a second verb for 'to eat' in [Ho\u0133er 1973: 68]: =k\u02b0at [imperf.] / =k\u02b0a\u0294 (< *=k\u02b0at-\u0294) [perf.]. Both =y\u00e3\u02d0 and =k\u02b0at are quoted by Ho\u0133er without semantic specifications and comments, but since =k\u02b0at is only attested in [Ho\u0133er 1973], it is likely that =k\u02b0at is a more marginal or semantically specific word, and, therefore, cannot be considered a full-fledged synonym of the basic verb =y\u00e3\u02d0.  <br/><br/>\tDistinct from the specific verb =ka\u0294s 'to eat grass-like food (e.g., spinach); to graze (intrans.)' [Ho\u0133er 1973: 67].", "valueset_pk": 862, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 862, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lTaldashGalice", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 22, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1082, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lTaldashGalice-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 862, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 862, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lTaldashGalice", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 22, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=y\u00e3\u02d0 , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 22, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "gali1261", "ethnologue_code": "gce", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "TaldashGalice", "name": "Taldash Galice", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 45.3914, "longitude": -120.75}, "name": "Taldash Galice"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-120.75, 45.3914]}, "id": "TaldashGalice"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1064, "ipa": "=l=q\u02b0at ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lUpperInletTanaina-0", "name": "=l=q\u02b0at ", "description": "Kari 2007: 278, 349.", "markup_description": "Kari 2007: 278, 349.", "valueset_pk": 863, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 863, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lUpperInletTanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 23, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1083, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lUpperInletTanaina-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 863, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 863, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lUpperInletTanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 23, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=l=q\u02b0at , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 23, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "tana1289", "ethnologue_code": "tfn", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "UpperInletTanaina", "name": "Upper Inlet Tanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 60.4712, "longitude": -150.759}, "name": "Upper Inlet Tanaina"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-150.759, 60.4712]}, "id": "UpperInletTanaina"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1065, "ipa": "=l=q\u02b0at ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lOuterInletTanaina-0", "name": "=l=q\u02b0at ", "description": "Kari 2007: 278, 349.", "markup_description": "Kari 2007: 278, 349.", "valueset_pk": 864, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 864, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lOuterInletTanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 24, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1084, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lOuterInletTanaina-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 864, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 864, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lOuterInletTanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 24, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=l=q\u02b0at , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 24, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "tana1289", "ethnologue_code": "tfn", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "OuterInletTanaina", "name": "Outer Inlet Tanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 60.4712, "longitude": -150.759}, "name": "Outer Inlet Tanaina"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-150.759, 60.4712]}, "id": "OuterInletTanaina"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1066, "ipa": "=l=q\u02b0at ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lInlandTanaina-0", "name": "=l=q\u02b0at ", "description": "Kari 2007: 278, 349; Wassillie 1979: 32; Holton et al. 2004: 23.\nCommon Tanaina notes: Paradigm: =l=q\u02b0at [imperf.] / =l=q\u02b0\u0259t\u02bc [perf.] in all the dialects; used with sg. obj. Distinct from =l=ta\u026c [imperf.] / =l=ta\u019b\u02bc [perf.] (all dialects) 'to eat (pl. obj.)' [Kari 2007: 278, 329].  <br/><br/>\tIt is suspected in [Kari 1996: 60] that =l=q\u02b0at / =l=q\u02b0\u0259t\u02bc 'to eat' originates from the verb 'to slip, slide'. Such a solution seems likely, since the cognate Ahtena verb =l=qe\u02d0t / =l=qet\u02bc 'to slip, slide' can also mean 'choke on OBJ (food), swallow, gulp OBJ in chunks', thus the Proto-Tanaina development should be 'to slip > to gulp > to eat'. It must be noted, however, that the paradigms of the two synchronic Tanaina verbs do not fully coincide: =l=q\u02b0\u0259t [imperf.] / =l=q\u02b0\u0259t\u02bc [perf.] 'to slip, slide' (cf. the Inland perfective form =l=q\u02b0\u0259t\u02bc in [Wassillie 1979: 90], whereas the imperfective form =l=q\u02b0\u0259t is contained in the expression for 'pocket knife', lit. 'one that slips into slot' [Kari 2007: 194]).", "markup_description": "Kari 2007: 278, 349; Wassillie 1979: 32; Holton et al. 2004: 23.\nCommon Tanaina notes: Paradigm: =l=q\u02b0at [imperf.] / =l=q\u02b0\u0259t\u02bc [perf.] in all the dialects; used with sg. obj. Distinct from =l=ta\u026c [imperf.] / =l=ta\u019b\u02bc [perf.] (all dialects) 'to eat (pl. obj.)' [Kari 2007: 278, 329].  <br/><br/>\tIt is suspected in [Kari 1996: 60] that =l=q\u02b0at / =l=q\u02b0\u0259t\u02bc 'to eat' originates from the verb 'to slip, slide'. Such a solution seems likely, since the cognate Ahtena verb =l=qe\u02d0t / =l=qet\u02bc 'to slip, slide' can also mean 'choke on OBJ (food), swallow, gulp OBJ in chunks', thus the Proto-Tanaina development should be 'to slip > to gulp > to eat'. It must be noted, however, that the paradigms of the two synchronic Tanaina verbs do not fully coincide: =l=q\u02b0\u0259t [imperf.] / =l=q\u02b0\u0259t\u02bc [perf.] 'to slip, slide' (cf. the Inland perfective form =l=q\u02b0\u0259t\u02bc in [Wassillie 1979: 90], whereas the imperfective form =l=q\u02b0\u0259t is contained in the expression for 'pocket knife', lit. 'one that slips into slot' [Kari 2007: 194]).", "valueset_pk": 865, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 865, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lInlandTanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 25, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1085, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lInlandTanaina-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan\nCommon Tanaina notes: nan", "markup_description": "nan\nCommon Tanaina notes: nan", "valueset_pk": 865, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 865, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lInlandTanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 25, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=l=q\u02b0at , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 25, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "tana1289", "ethnologue_code": "tfn", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "InlandTanaina", "name": "Inland Tanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 60.4712, "longitude": -150.759}, "name": "Inland Tanaina"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-150.759, 60.4712]}, "id": "InlandTanaina"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1067, "ipa": "=l=q\u02b0at ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lIliamnaTanaina-0", "name": "=l=q\u02b0at ", "description": "Kari 2007: 278, 349.\nCommon Tanaina notes: Paradigm: =l=q\u02b0at [imperf.] / =l=q\u02b0\u0259t\u02bc [perf.] in all the dialects; used with sg. obj. Distinct from =l=ta\u026c [imperf.] / =l=ta\u019b\u02bc [perf.] (all dialects) 'to eat (pl. obj.)' [Kari 2007: 278, 329].  <br/><br/>\tIt is suspected in [Kari 1996: 60] that =l=q\u02b0at / =l=q\u02b0\u0259t\u02bc 'to eat' originates from the verb 'to slip, slide'. Such a solution seems likely, since the cognate Ahtena verb =l=qe\u02d0t / =l=qet\u02bc 'to slip, slide' can also mean 'choke on OBJ (food), swallow, gulp OBJ in chunks', thus the Proto-Tanaina development should be 'to slip > to gulp > to eat'. It must be noted, however, that the paradigms of the two synchronic Tanaina verbs do not fully coincide: =l=q\u02b0\u0259t [imperf.] / =l=q\u02b0\u0259t\u02bc [perf.] 'to slip, slide' (cf. the Inland perfective form =l=q\u02b0\u0259t\u02bc in [Wassillie 1979: 90], whereas the imperfective form =l=q\u02b0\u0259t is contained in the expression for 'pocket knife', lit. 'one that slips into slot' [Kari 2007: 194]).", "markup_description": "Kari 2007: 278, 349.\nCommon Tanaina notes: Paradigm: =l=q\u02b0at [imperf.] / =l=q\u02b0\u0259t\u02bc [perf.] in all the dialects; used with sg. obj. Distinct from =l=ta\u026c [imperf.] / =l=ta\u019b\u02bc [perf.] (all dialects) 'to eat (pl. obj.)' [Kari 2007: 278, 329].  <br/><br/>\tIt is suspected in [Kari 1996: 60] that =l=q\u02b0at / =l=q\u02b0\u0259t\u02bc 'to eat' originates from the verb 'to slip, slide'. Such a solution seems likely, since the cognate Ahtena verb =l=qe\u02d0t / =l=qet\u02bc 'to slip, slide' can also mean 'choke on OBJ (food), swallow, gulp OBJ in chunks', thus the Proto-Tanaina development should be 'to slip > to gulp > to eat'. It must be noted, however, that the paradigms of the two synchronic Tanaina verbs do not fully coincide: =l=q\u02b0\u0259t [imperf.] / =l=q\u02b0\u0259t\u02bc [perf.] 'to slip, slide' (cf. the Inland perfective form =l=q\u02b0\u0259t\u02bc in [Wassillie 1979: 90], whereas the imperfective form =l=q\u02b0\u0259t is contained in the expression for 'pocket knife', lit. 'one that slips into slot' [Kari 2007: 194]).", "valueset_pk": 866, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 866, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lIliamnaTanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 26, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1086, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lIliamnaTanaina-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan\nCommon Tanaina notes: nan", "markup_description": "nan\nCommon Tanaina notes: nan", "valueset_pk": 866, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 866, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lIliamnaTanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 26, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=l=q\u02b0at , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 26, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "tana1289", "ethnologue_code": "tfn", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "IliamnaTanaina", "name": "Iliamna Tanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 60.4712, "longitude": -150.759}, "name": "Iliamna Tanaina"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-150.759, 60.4712]}, "id": "IliamnaTanaina"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1068, "ipa": "=ja\u02d0n ~ =t=a\u02d0n ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lCentralAhtena-0", "name": "=ya\u02d0n ~ =t=a\u02d0n ", "description": "Kari 1990: 429, 513.  <br/><br/>\tLower Ahtena: =ya\u02d0n ~ =t=a\u02d0n [Kari 1990: 429, 513].  <br/><br/>\tWestern Ahtena: =ya\u02d0n ~ =t=a\u02d0n [Kari 1990: 429, 513].\nCommon Ahtena notes: Paradigm: =(y)a\u02d0n [imperf.] / =(y)a\u02d0n-\u0294 [perf.], see the additional forms in [Kari 1990: 680].", "markup_description": "Kari 1990: 429, 513.  <br/><br/>\tLower Ahtena: =ya\u02d0n ~ =t=a\u02d0n [Kari 1990: 429, 513].  <br/><br/>\tWestern Ahtena: =ya\u02d0n ~ =t=a\u02d0n [Kari 1990: 429, 513].\nCommon Ahtena notes: Paradigm: =(y)a\u02d0n [imperf.] / =(y)a\u02d0n-\u0294 [perf.], see the additional forms in [Kari 1990: 680].", "valueset_pk": 867, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 867, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lCentralAhtena", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 27, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1087, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lCentralAhtena-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan\nCommon Ahtena notes: nan", "markup_description": "nan\nCommon Ahtena notes: nan", "valueset_pk": 867, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 867, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lCentralAhtena", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 27, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=ya\u02d0n ~ =t=a\u02d0n , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 27, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "ahte1237", "ethnologue_code": "aht", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "CentralAhtena", "name": "Central Ahtena", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 61.7068, "longitude": -144.889}, "name": "Central Ahtena"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-144.889, 61.7068]}, "id": "CentralAhtena"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1069, "ipa": "=j\u00e3\u02d0 ~ =t=\u00e3\u02d0 ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lMentastaAhtena-0", "name": "=y\u00e3\u02d0 ~ =t=\u00e3\u02d0 ", "description": "Kari 1990: 429, 513.\nCommon Ahtena notes: Paradigm: =(y)a\u02d0n [imperf.] / =(y)a\u02d0n-\u0294 [perf.], see the additional forms in [Kari 1990: 680].", "markup_description": "Kari 1990: 429, 513.\nCommon Ahtena notes: Paradigm: =(y)a\u02d0n [imperf.] / =(y)a\u02d0n-\u0294 [perf.], see the additional forms in [Kari 1990: 680].", "valueset_pk": 868, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 868, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lMentastaAhtena", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 28, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1088, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lMentastaAhtena-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan\nCommon Ahtena notes: nan", "markup_description": "nan\nCommon Ahtena notes: nan", "valueset_pk": 868, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 868, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lMentastaAhtena", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 28, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=y\u00e3\u02d0 ~ =t=\u00e3\u02d0 , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 28, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "ahte1237", "ethnologue_code": "aht", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "MentastaAhtena", "name": "Mentasta Ahtena", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 61.7068, "longitude": -144.889}, "name": "Mentasta Ahtena"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-144.889, 61.7068]}, "id": "MentastaAhtena"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1070, "ipa": "=\u0294\u00e0 ", "cognate_class": 3, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lDogrib-0", "name": "=\u0294\u00e0 ", "description": "Saxon & Siemens 1996: 123, 161. The system of Dogrib verbs of eating is complicated and not all of its details are clear. Based on attested examples, it may be concluded that =\u0294\u00e0 is the basic verb for 'to eat'. Subj. = sg. only(?), human/animal; obj. = any(?). Cf. especially the indefinite context \"What are you eating?\" [Saxon & Siemens 1996: 123], and also the following examples: \"Take two pills a day\", \"He eats donuts (by dunking them) in tea\" [Saxon & Siemens 1996: 75], \"Obviously the dog ate it\" [Saxon & Siemens 1996: 85], \"He is eating it all\", \"I ate all the bread\" [Saxon & Siemens 1996: 118], \"The boy took the meat but he didn't eat it\" [Saxon & Siemens 1996: 123].  <br/><br/>\tThere are two other verbs, glossed as 'to have a meal, eat' by Saxon & Siemens:  <br/><br/>\t1) =t\u02b0\u0129\u0301 [Saxon & Siemens 1996: 92, 161], subj. = sg. & dual., human only(?). The examples are: \"Eat!\" [Saxon & Siemens 1996: iv], \"Eat and then you may play\" [Saxon & Siemens 1996: 38], \"Because I'm taking pills I can't eat\", \"I am able to eat\" [Saxon & Siemens 1996: 49], \"They are thankful because they have meat to eat\" [Saxon & Siemens 1996: 92], \"I've already eaten\" [Saxon & Siemens 1996: 122], and especially \"Because you were eating delicious meat,...\" [Saxon & Siemens 1996: 131].  <br/><br/>\t2) =\u017e\u00e9 (innovative pronunciation =z\u00e9) [Saxon & Siemens 1996: 92, 161], subj. = pl., human only(?). The examples are: \"There they cook meat and eat\" [Saxon & Siemens 1996: 39], \"Lots of people are eating\", \"Are you going to eat?\" [Saxon & Siemens 1996: 92].  <br/><br/>\tAs may be seen from the examples, =t\u02b0\u0129\u0301 and =\u017e\u00e9 are normally used as intransitive verbs; the most obvious counterexample where transitive use is attested is \"Because you were eating (=t\u02b0\u0129\u0301) delicious meat,...\". It is possible that the Dogrib system is quadruple: transitive sg. =\u0294\u00e0 / transitive pl. ? / intransitive sg./dual. =t\u02b0\u0129\u0301 / intransitive pl. =\u017e\u00e9. It must be noted that it is unclear from the available sources which verb is used in the transitive function with pl. (and dual.) subj.  <br/><br/>\tWe prefer to treat transitive =\u0294\u00e0 and intransitive =t\u02b0\u0129\u0301 as synonyms.  <br/><br/>\tThere are also several additional verbs of eating with more specific meanings:  <br/><br/>\t1) =t\u00e8 'to eat', subj. = any; obj. = pl. [Saxon & Siemens 1996: 124, 161]. The examples: \"We are eating crackers\" [Saxon & Siemens 1996: 16], \"My mother eats any kind of berries at all\" [Saxon & Siemens 1996: 51], \"In summer time bears eat berries of any kind\" [Saxon & Siemens 1996: 99], \"Lots of people take medicine when their throats are sore\", \"I'm eating raisins\" [Saxon & Siemens 1996: 124]  <br/><br/>\t2) =x\u00e0 'to eat; chew on', subj. = animal [Saxon & Siemens n.d.]; missing from [Saxon & Siemens 1996].  <br/><br/>\t3) =k\u02bc\u00e1 'to eat', obj. = meat, orange, etc. (i.e., juicy food?) [Saxon & Siemens n.d.]; missing from [Saxon & Siemens 1996]. The example: \"She is going to eat it\".", "markup_description": "Saxon & Siemens 1996: 123, 161. The system of Dogrib verbs of eating is complicated and not all of its details are clear. Based on attested examples, it may be concluded that =\u0294\u00e0 is the basic verb for 'to eat'. Subj. = sg. only(?), human/animal; obj. = any(?). Cf. especially the indefinite context \"What are you eating?\" [Saxon & Siemens 1996: 123], and also the following examples: \"Take two pills a day\", \"He eats donuts (by dunking them) in tea\" [Saxon & Siemens 1996: 75], \"Obviously the dog ate it\" [Saxon & Siemens 1996: 85], \"He is eating it all\", \"I ate all the bread\" [Saxon & Siemens 1996: 118], \"The boy took the meat but he didn't eat it\" [Saxon & Siemens 1996: 123].  <br/><br/>\tThere are two other verbs, glossed as 'to have a meal, eat' by Saxon & Siemens:  <br/><br/>\t1) =t\u02b0\u0129\u0301 [Saxon & Siemens 1996: 92, 161], subj. = sg. & dual., human only(?). The examples are: \"Eat!\" [Saxon & Siemens 1996: iv], \"Eat and then you may play\" [Saxon & Siemens 1996: 38], \"Because I'm taking pills I can't eat\", \"I am able to eat\" [Saxon & Siemens 1996: 49], \"They are thankful because they have meat to eat\" [Saxon & Siemens 1996: 92], \"I've already eaten\" [Saxon & Siemens 1996: 122], and especially \"Because you were eating delicious meat,...\" [Saxon & Siemens 1996: 131].  <br/><br/>\t2) =\u017e\u00e9 (innovative pronunciation =z\u00e9) [Saxon & Siemens 1996: 92, 161], subj. = pl., human only(?). The examples are: \"There they cook meat and eat\" [Saxon & Siemens 1996: 39], \"Lots of people are eating\", \"Are you going to eat?\" [Saxon & Siemens 1996: 92].  <br/><br/>\tAs may be seen from the examples, =t\u02b0\u0129\u0301 and =\u017e\u00e9 are normally used as intransitive verbs; the most obvious counterexample where transitive use is attested is \"Because you were eating (=t\u02b0\u0129\u0301) delicious meat,...\". It is possible that the Dogrib system is quadruple: transitive sg. =\u0294\u00e0 / transitive pl. ? / intransitive sg./dual. =t\u02b0\u0129\u0301 / intransitive pl. =\u017e\u00e9. It must be noted that it is unclear from the available sources which verb is used in the transitive function with pl. (and dual.) subj.  <br/><br/>\tWe prefer to treat transitive =\u0294\u00e0 and intransitive =t\u02b0\u0129\u0301 as synonyms.  <br/><br/>\tThere are also several additional verbs of eating with more specific meanings:  <br/><br/>\t1) =t\u00e8 'to eat', subj. = any; obj. = pl. [Saxon & Siemens 1996: 124, 161]. The examples: \"We are eating crackers\" [Saxon & Siemens 1996: 16], \"My mother eats any kind of berries at all\" [Saxon & Siemens 1996: 51], \"In summer time bears eat berries of any kind\" [Saxon & Siemens 1996: 99], \"Lots of people take medicine when their throats are sore\", \"I'm eating raisins\" [Saxon & Siemens 1996: 124]  <br/><br/>\t2) =x\u00e0 'to eat; chew on', subj. = animal [Saxon & Siemens n.d.]; missing from [Saxon & Siemens 1996].  <br/><br/>\t3) =k\u02bc\u00e1 'to eat', obj. = meat, orange, etc. (i.e., juicy food?) [Saxon & Siemens n.d.]; missing from [Saxon & Siemens 1996]. The example: \"She is going to eat it\".", "valueset_pk": 869, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 869, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lDogrib", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 29, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1089, "ipa": "=t\u02b0\u0129\u0301 ", "cognate_class": 4, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lDogrib-1", "name": "=t\u02b0\u0129\u0301 ", "description": "Saxon & Siemens 1996: 92, 161.", "markup_description": "Saxon & Siemens 1996: 92, 161.", "valueset_pk": 869, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 869, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lDogrib", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 29, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=\u0294\u00e0 , =t\u02b0\u0129\u0301 ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 29, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "dogr1252", "ethnologue_code": "dgr", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Dogrib", "name": "Dogrib", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 63.17, "longitude": -117.25}, "name": "Dogrib"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-117.25, 63.17]}, "id": "Dogrib"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1071, "ipa": "=t=t\u02b0\u0129\u0300 ", "cognate_class": 4, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lNorthSlaveyHare-0", "name": "=t=t\u02b0\u0129\u0300 ", "description": "Rice 1978: 333, 463, 499.  <br/><br/>\tThe basic Hare verbs for 'to eat' are =t=t\u02b0\u0129\u0300, used with sg. & dual. subj. [Rice 1978: 333, 463], and =l=yi\u00e8 with pl. subj. [Rice 1978: 333, 482].  <br/><br/>\tCf. numerous examples for sg. & dual. =t=t\u02b0\u0129\u0300: \"He ran home to eat\" [Rice 1978: 188], \"I'm eating fish\", \"I ate again\", \"He's noisy when he eats\", \"We had already started to eat when they came in\" [Rice 1978: 333], \"He keeps me from eating\" [Rice 1978: 370], \"He eats all the time\" [Rice 1978: 564], \"I ate some food and it was bad for me\" [Rice 1989: 25], \"s/he ate berries, meat, and fish\" [Rice 1989: 48], \"who ate the bread?\" [Rice 1989: 257], and so on.  <br/><br/>\tCf. examples for pl. =l=yi\u00e8: \"We'll eat soon\", \"Let's eat\" [Rice 1978: 333], \"we just finished eating\" [Rice 1989: 345].  <br/><br/>\tBesides there is the old verb for eating, =\u0294\u00e0, used with sg., dual. & pl. subj. It is glossed with polysemy: 'to eat / to chew' in [Rice 1978: 356, 401], but specified as 'to chew / to eat a small meal, snack' in [Rice 1989: 789]. This one is definitely more rarely used than =t=t\u02b0\u0129\u0300. Cf. the found examples for =\u0294\u00e0: \"I got a bad stomach from the food that I ate\", \"She has to take medicine\" [Rice 1978: 356], \"they are eating\" [Rice 1989: 623], \"I am eating (something)\" [Rice 1989: 629].  <br/><br/>\tDistinct from =t=ti\u00e8 'to eat (individual pieces, one by one)' [Rice 1978: 363, 386, 416], =t=ci\u00e8 'to eat up' [Rice 1978: 387, 425].", "markup_description": "Rice 1978: 333, 463, 499.  <br/><br/>\tThe basic Hare verbs for 'to eat' are =t=t\u02b0\u0129\u0300, used with sg. & dual. subj. [Rice 1978: 333, 463], and =l=yi\u00e8 with pl. subj. [Rice 1978: 333, 482].  <br/><br/>\tCf. numerous examples for sg. & dual. =t=t\u02b0\u0129\u0300: \"He ran home to eat\" [Rice 1978: 188], \"I'm eating fish\", \"I ate again\", \"He's noisy when he eats\", \"We had already started to eat when they came in\" [Rice 1978: 333], \"He keeps me from eating\" [Rice 1978: 370], \"He eats all the time\" [Rice 1978: 564], \"I ate some food and it was bad for me\" [Rice 1989: 25], \"s/he ate berries, meat, and fish\" [Rice 1989: 48], \"who ate the bread?\" [Rice 1989: 257], and so on.  <br/><br/>\tCf. examples for pl. =l=yi\u00e8: \"We'll eat soon\", \"Let's eat\" [Rice 1978: 333], \"we just finished eating\" [Rice 1989: 345].  <br/><br/>\tBesides there is the old verb for eating, =\u0294\u00e0, used with sg., dual. & pl. subj. It is glossed with polysemy: 'to eat / to chew' in [Rice 1978: 356, 401], but specified as 'to chew / to eat a small meal, snack' in [Rice 1989: 789]. This one is definitely more rarely used than =t=t\u02b0\u0129\u0300. Cf. the found examples for =\u0294\u00e0: \"I got a bad stomach from the food that I ate\", \"She has to take medicine\" [Rice 1978: 356], \"they are eating\" [Rice 1989: 623], \"I am eating (something)\" [Rice 1989: 629].  <br/><br/>\tDistinct from =t=ti\u00e8 'to eat (individual pieces, one by one)' [Rice 1978: 363, 386, 416], =t=ci\u00e8 'to eat up' [Rice 1978: 387, 425].", "valueset_pk": 870, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 870, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lNorthSlaveyHare", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 30, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1090, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lNorthSlaveyHare-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 870, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 870, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lNorthSlaveyHare", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 30, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=t=t\u02b0\u0129\u0300 , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 30, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "nort2942", "ethnologue_code": "scs", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "NorthSlaveyHare", "name": "North Slavey (Hare)", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 63.5, "longitude": -125.67}, "name": "North Slavey (Hare)"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-125.67, 63.5]}, "id": "NorthSlaveyHare"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1072, "ipa": "=\u0294\u00e1\u02d0\u026c ", "cognate_class": 3, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lTanacross-0", "name": "=\u0294\u00e1\u02d0\u026c ", "description": "Arnold et al. 2009: 107; Holton 2000: 349; Shinen 1958: 36. Paradigm: =\u0294\u00e1\u02d0\u026c [imperf.] / =\u0294\u00e1\u02d0\u019b [perf.].", "markup_description": "Arnold et al. 2009: 107; Holton 2000: 349; Shinen 1958: 36. Paradigm: =\u0294\u00e1\u02d0\u026c [imperf.] / =\u0294\u00e1\u02d0\u019b [perf.].", "valueset_pk": 871, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 871, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lTanacross", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 31, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1091, "ipa": "=\u0294\u00e1\u02d0t\u0361\u026c ", "cognate_class": 3, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lTanacross-1", "name": "=\u0294\u00e1\u02d0\u019b ", "description": "Perfective stem.", "markup_description": "Perfective stem.", "valueset_pk": 871, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 871, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lTanacross", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 31, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=\u0294\u00e1\u02d0\u026c , =\u0294\u00e1\u02d0\u019b ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 31, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "tana1290", "ethnologue_code": "tcb", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Tanacross", "name": "Tanacross", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 63.4046, "longitude": -143.338}, "name": "Tanacross"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-143.338, 63.4046]}, "id": "Tanacross"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1073, "ipa": "=\u0294a\u02d0\u026c ", "cognate_class": 3, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lUpperTananaTetlin-0", "name": "=\u0294a\u02d0\u026c ", "description": "Milanowski 2009: 38, 96. <br/><br/>\tScottie Creek: =h\u00e3\u0302\u02d0 'to eat' [John 1997: 40], a different root.", "markup_description": "Milanowski 2009: 38, 96. <br/><br/>\tScottie Creek: =h\u00e3\u0302\u02d0 'to eat' [John 1997: 40], a different root.", "valueset_pk": 872, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 872, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lUpperTananaTetlin", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 32, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1092, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lUpperTananaTetlin-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 872, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 872, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lUpperTananaTetlin", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 32, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=\u0294a\u02d0\u026c , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 32, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "uppe1437", "ethnologue_code": "tau", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "UpperTananaTetlin", "name": "Upper Tanana (Tetlin)", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 62.6867, "longitude": -141.37}, "name": "Upper Tanana (Tetlin)"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-141.37, 62.6867]}, "id": "UpperTananaTetlin"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1074, "ipa": "=\u0294\u028c\u026c ", "cognate_class": 3, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lLowerTananaMinto-0", "name": "=\u0294\u028c\u026c ", "description": "Kari 1994: 27, 395; Tuttle 2009: 67  <br/><br/>\tThere are two verbs for 'to eat' in Lower Tanana:  <br/><br/>\t1) =y\u028cn\u0325 ~ =t\u028cn\u0325 [durative imperf.] / =y\u028cn-\u0294 ~ =t\u028cn-\u0294 [durative perf.] [Kari 1994: 339, 395; Tuttle 2009: 66].  <br/><br/>\t2) =\u0294\u028c\u026c [imperf.] / =\u0294\u028c\u019b [perf.] [Kari 1994: 27, 395; Tuttle 2009: 67].  <br/><br/>\tThe verb =y\u028cn\u0325 is glossed simply as 'to eat', whereas =\u0294\u028c\u026c is specified as 'to eat, chew' by Kari and 'to eat smth. (chewing)' by Tuttle; actually =\u0294\u028c\u026c shows polysemy: 'to eat / to bite' (q.v.). It is stated in [Kari 1994: 339] that =\u0294\u028c\u026c is more frequently used than =y\u028cn\u0325 for the meaning 'to eat', which is why we prefer to take =\u0294\u028c\u026c as the basic verb for 'to eat' (as well as for 'to bite').  <br/><br/>\tDistinct from the specific verb =l=ta\u019b 'to eat (pl. obj.)' [Kari 1994: 65, 396] (note that =y\u028cn\u0325 and =\u0294\u028c\u026c are used with both sg. and pl. obj.).", "markup_description": "Kari 1994: 27, 395; Tuttle 2009: 67  <br/><br/>\tThere are two verbs for 'to eat' in Lower Tanana:  <br/><br/>\t1) =y\u028cn\u0325 ~ =t\u028cn\u0325 [durative imperf.] / =y\u028cn-\u0294 ~ =t\u028cn-\u0294 [durative perf.] [Kari 1994: 339, 395; Tuttle 2009: 66].  <br/><br/>\t2) =\u0294\u028c\u026c [imperf.] / =\u0294\u028c\u019b [perf.] [Kari 1994: 27, 395; Tuttle 2009: 67].  <br/><br/>\tThe verb =y\u028cn\u0325 is glossed simply as 'to eat', whereas =\u0294\u028c\u026c is specified as 'to eat, chew' by Kari and 'to eat smth. (chewing)' by Tuttle; actually =\u0294\u028c\u026c shows polysemy: 'to eat / to bite' (q.v.). It is stated in [Kari 1994: 339] that =\u0294\u028c\u026c is more frequently used than =y\u028cn\u0325 for the meaning 'to eat', which is why we prefer to take =\u0294\u028c\u026c as the basic verb for 'to eat' (as well as for 'to bite').  <br/><br/>\tDistinct from the specific verb =l=ta\u019b 'to eat (pl. obj.)' [Kari 1994: 65, 396] (note that =y\u028cn\u0325 and =\u0294\u028c\u026c are used with both sg. and pl. obj.).", "valueset_pk": 873, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 873, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lLowerTananaMinto", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 33, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1093, "ipa": "=\u0294\u028ct\u0361\u026c ", "cognate_class": 3, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lLowerTananaMinto-1", "name": "=\u0294\u028c\u019b ", "description": "Perfective.", "markup_description": "Perfective.", "valueset_pk": 873, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 873, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lLowerTananaMinto", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 33, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=\u0294\u028c\u026c , =\u0294\u028c\u019b ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 33, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "lowe1425", "ethnologue_code": "taa", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "LowerTananaMinto", "name": "Lower Tanana (Minto)", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 64.8834, "longitude": -149.451}, "name": "Lower Tanana (Minto)"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-149.451, 64.8834]}, "id": "LowerTananaMinto"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1075, "ipa": "=\u0294a\u026c ", "cognate_class": 3, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lCentralCarrier-0", "name": "=\u0294a\u026c ", "description": "Poser 1998/2013: 689, 1218, 1247; Poser 2011a: 77; Antoine et al. 1974: 306. Polysemy: 'to eat / to chew'. Paradigm: =\u0294a\u026c [imperf.] / =\u0294al [perf.] =\u0294\u028c\u026c [customary]. <br/><br/>\tDistinct from the baby-talk verb =pa\u0294 'to eat' [Poser 1998/2013: 689, 1249].", "markup_description": "Poser 1998/2013: 689, 1218, 1247; Poser 2011a: 77; Antoine et al. 1974: 306. Polysemy: 'to eat / to chew'. Paradigm: =\u0294a\u026c [imperf.] / =\u0294al [perf.] =\u0294\u028c\u026c [customary]. <br/><br/>\tDistinct from the baby-talk verb =pa\u0294 'to eat' [Poser 1998/2013: 689, 1249].", "valueset_pk": 874, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 874, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lCentralCarrier", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 34, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1094, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lCentralCarrier-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 874, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 874, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lCentralCarrier", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 34, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=\u0294a\u026c , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 34, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "carr1249", "ethnologue_code": "crx", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "CentralCarrier", "name": "Central Carrier", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 54.3768, "longitude": -124.328}, "name": "Central Carrier"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-124.328, 54.3768]}, "id": "CentralCarrier"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1076, "ipa": "=ho\u02d0n\u0325 ~ =t=o\u02d0n\u0325 ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lKoyukon-0", "name": "=ho\u02d0n\u0325 ~ =t=o\u02d0n\u0325 ", "description": "Jett\u00e9 & Jones 2000: 285, 897; Jones 1978: 54. Paradigm: =(h)o\u02d0n\u0325 [durative imperf.] / =(h)i\u02d0-y\u0325 [momentaneous imperf.] / =(h)o\u02d0n-\u0294 [perf.]. Perhaps normally used with sg. obj. <br/><br/>\tDistinct from =l=ta\u02d0\u026c [imperf.] / =l=ta\u02d0\u019b [perf.] with polysemy: 'to eat (pl. obj.) / eat, graze upon obj. (of animal)' [Jett\u00e9 & Jones 2000: 121].", "markup_description": "Jett\u00e9 & Jones 2000: 285, 897; Jones 1978: 54. Paradigm: =(h)o\u02d0n\u0325 [durative imperf.] / =(h)i\u02d0-y\u0325 [momentaneous imperf.] / =(h)o\u02d0n-\u0294 [perf.]. Perhaps normally used with sg. obj. <br/><br/>\tDistinct from =l=ta\u02d0\u026c [imperf.] / =l=ta\u02d0\u019b [perf.] with polysemy: 'to eat (pl. obj.) / eat, graze upon obj. (of animal)' [Jett\u00e9 & Jones 2000: 121].", "valueset_pk": 875, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 875, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lKoyukon", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 35, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1095, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lKoyukon-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 875, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 875, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lKoyukon", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 35, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=ho\u02d0n\u0325 ~ =t=o\u02d0n\u0325 , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 35, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "koyu1237", "ethnologue_code": "koy", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Koyukon", "name": "Koyukon", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 65.6093, "longitude": -154.229}, "name": "Koyukon"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-154.229, 65.6093]}, "id": "Koyukon"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1077, "ipa": "=ho\u02d0n\u0325", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lDegexitan-0", "name": "=ho\u02d0n\u0325", "description": "Taff et al. 2007; Kari 1976: 3; Chapman 1914: 225. Paradigm: =ho\u02d0n\u0325 [durative imperf.] / =he\u02d0-y\u0325 [momentaneous imperf.] / =ho\u02d0n-\u0294 [perf.] / =he\u02d0-\u026c [fut.]. Used with sg. subj. (regardless of the number of objects), cf. some examples: \"He's eating breakfast\", \"I am eating crackers\", \"I'm eating from a dish\", \"She is eating\", \"He's eating fast\", \"I like to eat fish\", \"I'll eat it with onions\", \"Porcupine is sitting on a birch tree eating birch bark\", \"Raven is eating something\" [Taff et al. 2007].  <br/><br/>\tDistinct from =\u026c=no\u02d0-n\u0325 [imperf.] / =\u026c=no\u02d0-\u0294 [perf.] 'to eat' [Kari 1976: 36], used with sg. subj. (regardless of the numer of obj.), cf. some examples: \"they started to eat OBJ\", \"they don't eat OBJ\" [Hargus 2000: 5], \"we'll eat\", \"we started to eat\" [Hargus 2000: 11], \"You guys eat!\", \"We'll eat later\", \"We don't eat mushrooms\" [Taff et al. 2007].", "markup_description": "Taff et al. 2007; Kari 1976: 3; Chapman 1914: 225. Paradigm: =ho\u02d0n\u0325 [durative imperf.] / =he\u02d0-y\u0325 [momentaneous imperf.] / =ho\u02d0n-\u0294 [perf.] / =he\u02d0-\u026c [fut.]. Used with sg. subj. (regardless of the number of objects), cf. some examples: \"He's eating breakfast\", \"I am eating crackers\", \"I'm eating from a dish\", \"She is eating\", \"He's eating fast\", \"I like to eat fish\", \"I'll eat it with onions\", \"Porcupine is sitting on a birch tree eating birch bark\", \"Raven is eating something\" [Taff et al. 2007].  <br/><br/>\tDistinct from =\u026c=no\u02d0-n\u0325 [imperf.] / =\u026c=no\u02d0-\u0294 [perf.] 'to eat' [Kari 1976: 36], used with sg. subj. (regardless of the numer of obj.), cf. some examples: \"they started to eat OBJ\", \"they don't eat OBJ\" [Hargus 2000: 5], \"we'll eat\", \"we started to eat\" [Hargus 2000: 11], \"You guys eat!\", \"We'll eat later\", \"We don't eat mushrooms\" [Taff et al. 2007].", "valueset_pk": 876, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 876, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lDegexitan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 36, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1096, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lDegexitan-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 876, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 876, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lDegexitan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 36, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=ho\u02d0n\u0325, N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 36, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "dege1248", "ethnologue_code": "ing", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Degexitan", "name": "Degexit'an", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 62.0697, "longitude": -160.044}, "name": "Degexit'an"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-160.044, 62.0697]}, "id": "Degexitan"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 1078, "ipa": "=s=n\u0101 ", "cognate_class": 5, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lSarsi-0", "name": "=s=n\u0101 ", "description": "Li 1930b: 20; Ho\u0133er 1956: 222. <br/><br/>\tAs noted in [Cook 1984: 156] and elsewhere, there are two verbs for 'to eat' in Sarsi, both without reliable etymology: <br/><br/>\t1) =s=n\u0252\u0304 ~ =s=n\u0252\u0301- [imperf.] / =s=n\u0252\u0300-\u0294 [perf.] [Li 1930b: 20; Cook 1984: 156; Ho\u0133er 1956: 222]. Cf. some examples: \"What (kind) do you eat?\" [Cook 1984: 60], \"I don't eat that kind\" [Cook 1984: 62], \"The domestic animals that belong to you, that kind of animal, I eat\" [Cook 1984: 65], \"Grandfather: Let's sit down and eat\" [Nanagusja 1996b: 69]. <br/><br/>\t2) =c\u02b0\u00e1\u0294 ~ =c\u02b0\u00e1t- [momentaneous imperf.] / =\u010d\u02b0\u00ed\u02d0\u017e [iterative imperf.] / =c\u02b0\u00e0\u0294 ~ =c\u02b0\u00e0t- [perf.] [Li 1930b: 23, 25; Cook 1984: 156]. The iterative form =\u010d\u02b0i\u017e was regularly assimilated < *=c\u02b0i\u017e (further < *=c\u02b0it-\u017e). Cf. some examples: \"He will eat all the food\" [Cook 1984: 78], \"'Because you do not speak to me, I shall eat it\" [Cook 1984: 90], \"He's finished eating\" [Cook 1984: 157], \"Don't eat!\" [Cook 1984: 221], \"after lunch, have them say: 'I ate well'\" [Nanagusja 1996b: 70]. <br/><br/>\tBoth verbs are provided by a number of textual instances (above), but the semantic or pragmatic difference between the two is unclear. We treat them as synonyms. <br/><br/>\tDistinct from =s=t\u02bc\u00e0h [imperf.] / =s=t\u02bc\u00e0\u0294 ~ =s=t\u02bc\u00e0k- [perf.] 'to eat up, to annihilate' [Li 1930b: 19].", "markup_description": "Li 1930b: 20; Ho\u0133er 1956: 222. <br/><br/>\tAs noted in [Cook 1984: 156] and elsewhere, there are two verbs for 'to eat' in Sarsi, both without reliable etymology: <br/><br/>\t1) =s=n\u0252\u0304 ~ =s=n\u0252\u0301- [imperf.] / =s=n\u0252\u0300-\u0294 [perf.] [Li 1930b: 20; Cook 1984: 156; Ho\u0133er 1956: 222]. Cf. some examples: \"What (kind) do you eat?\" [Cook 1984: 60], \"I don't eat that kind\" [Cook 1984: 62], \"The domestic animals that belong to you, that kind of animal, I eat\" [Cook 1984: 65], \"Grandfather: Let's sit down and eat\" [Nanagusja 1996b: 69]. <br/><br/>\t2) =c\u02b0\u00e1\u0294 ~ =c\u02b0\u00e1t- [momentaneous imperf.] / =\u010d\u02b0\u00ed\u02d0\u017e [iterative imperf.] / =c\u02b0\u00e0\u0294 ~ =c\u02b0\u00e0t- [perf.] [Li 1930b: 23, 25; Cook 1984: 156]. The iterative form =\u010d\u02b0i\u017e was regularly assimilated < *=c\u02b0i\u017e (further < *=c\u02b0it-\u017e). Cf. some examples: \"He will eat all the food\" [Cook 1984: 78], \"'Because you do not speak to me, I shall eat it\" [Cook 1984: 90], \"He's finished eating\" [Cook 1984: 157], \"Don't eat!\" [Cook 1984: 221], \"after lunch, have them say: 'I ate well'\" [Nanagusja 1996b: 70]. <br/><br/>\tBoth verbs are provided by a number of textual instances (above), but the semantic or pragmatic difference between the two is unclear. We treat them as synonyms. <br/><br/>\tDistinct from =s=t\u02bc\u00e0h [imperf.] / =s=t\u02bc\u00e0\u0294 ~ =s=t\u02bc\u00e0k- [perf.] 'to eat up, to annihilate' [Li 1930b: 19].", "valueset_pk": 877, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 877, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lSarsi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 37, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 1097, "ipa": "=t\u0361s\u02b0\u00e1t- ", "cognate_class": 6, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lSarsi-1", "name": "=c\u02b0\u00e1t- ", "description": "Li 1930b: 23; Cook 1984: 156.", "markup_description": "Li 1930b: 23; Cook 1984: 156.", "valueset_pk": 877, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 877, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lSarsi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 37, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=s=n\u0101 , =c\u02b0\u00e1t- ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 37, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "sars1236", "ethnologue_code": "srs", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Sarsi", "name": "Sarsi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 50.8822, "longitude": -114.301}, "name": "Sarsi"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-114.301, 50.8822]}, "id": "Sarsi"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 4712, "ipa": "m\u0259n\u02c8ank ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lMeglenoRomanian-0", "name": "m\u0259n\u02c8ank {m\u0103n\u00e1nc}", "description": "Capidan 1935: 180.", "markup_description": "Capidan 1935: 180.", "valueset_pk": 3809, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 3809, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lMeglenoRomanian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 40, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "m\u0259n\u02c8ank {m\u0103n\u00e1nc}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 40, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "megl1237", "ethnologue_code": "ruq", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "MeglenoRomanian", "name": "Megleno Romanian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.1174, "longitude": 22.3782}, "name": "Megleno Romanian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [22.3782, 41.1174]}, "id": "MeglenoRomanian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 4713, "ipa": "m\u0259\u014bk-\u02c8\u0252  ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lIstroRomanian-0", "name": "m\u0259\u014bk-\u02c8\u0252 {m\u00e2\u014bc\u00e5} ", "description": "Kova\u010dec 2010; S\u00e2rbu & Fr\u0103\u0163il\u0103 1998: 226; Byhan 1899: 282.", "markup_description": "Kova\u010dec 2010; S\u00e2rbu & Fr\u0103\u0163il\u0103 1998: 226; Byhan 1899: 282.", "valueset_pk": 3810, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 3810, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lIstroRomanian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 41, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "m\u0259\u014bk-\u02c8\u0252 {m\u00e2\u014bc\u00e5} ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 41, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "istr1245", "ethnologue_code": "ruo", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "IstroRomanian", "name": "Istro Romanian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 45.433, "longitude": 14.2}, "name": "Istro Romanian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [14.2, 45.433]}, "id": "IstroRomanian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 4714, "ipa": "m\u02c8\u0268k-\u016d ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lAromanian-0", "name": "m\u02c8\u0268k-\u016d {m\u00eec}", "description": "Papahagi 1963: 693; Cunia 2010: 619-620; Dalametra 1906: 129; Bara et al. 2005: 84.", "markup_description": "Papahagi 1963: 693; Cunia 2010: 619-620; Dalametra 1906: 129; Bara et al. 2005: 84.", "valueset_pk": 3811, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 3811, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lAromanian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 42, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "m\u02c8\u0268k-\u016d {m\u00eec}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 42, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "arom1237", "ethnologue_code": "rup", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Aromanian", "name": "Aromanian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 40.616, "longitude": 21.2}, "name": "Aromanian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [21.2, 40.616]}, "id": "Aromanian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 4715, "ipa": "a=m\u0268\u014bk-\u02c8a ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lRomanian-0", "name": "a=m\u0268\u014bk-\u02c8a {a m\u00e2nca}", "description": "DER 2004: 311; Bolocan et al. 1985: 347; Gancz 2015. Moldavian: <i>a=m\u0268\u014bk-\u02c8a</i> {a m\u00e2nca} 'to eat' [Podiko 1973: 202-203; Borsh & Zaporozhan 1990: 108].", "markup_description": "DER 2004: 311; Bolocan et al. 1985: 347; Gancz 2015. Moldavian: <i>a=m\u0268\u014bk-\u02c8a</i> {a m\u00e2nca} 'to eat' [Podiko 1973: 202-203; Borsh & Zaporozhan 1990: 108].", "valueset_pk": 3812, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 3812, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lRomanian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 43, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "a=m\u0268\u014bk-\u02c8a {a m\u00e2nca}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 43, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "roma1327", "ethnologue_code": "ron", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Romanian", "name": "Romanian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 46.3913, "longitude": 24.2256}, "name": "Romanian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [24.2256, 46.3913]}, "id": "Romanian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 4716, "ipa": "man\u02c8ajk-o ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lDalmatian-0", "name": "man\u02c8ayk-o {manai\u032fko}", "description": "The present form. The infinitive form was probably borrowed from the Italian {mangiare}. Some examples are: {ju manai\u032fko vuai ku\u0361\u1ecdrno per pr\u00ednz, pi\u032fas.} \"Today I eat meat for lunch, fish\" [Bartoli 2002: 242]; {pu\u032farta k\u00e1u\u032fk u\u1e45 p\u00e0u\u032fk si skal\u00fa\u0144 ke ju b\u00f9le man\u010d\u00far kol pu\u0361\u1ecd\u1e45} \"bring here some shallot which I want to eat with bread\" [Bartoli 2002: 239]. ", "markup_description": "The present form. The infinitive form was probably borrowed from the Italian {mangiare}. Some examples are: {ju manai\u032fko vuai ku\u0361\u1ecdrno per pr\u00ednz, pi\u032fas.} \"Today I eat meat for lunch, fish\" [Bartoli 2002: 242]; {pu\u032farta k\u00e1u\u032fk u\u1e45 p\u00e0u\u032fk si skal\u00fa\u0144 ke ju b\u00f9le man\u010d\u00far kol pu\u0361\u1ecd\u1e45} \"bring here some shallot which I want to eat with bread\" [Bartoli 2002: 239]. ", "valueset_pk": 3813, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 3813, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lDalmatian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 44, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "man\u02c8ayk-o {manai\u032fko}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 44, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "dalm1243", "ethnologue_code": "dlm", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Dalmatian", "name": "Dalmatian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 42.7095, "longitude": 18.0238}, "name": "Dalmatian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [18.0238, 42.7095]}, "id": "Dalmatian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 4717, "ipa": "man\u025f-\u02c8a\u02d0 ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lFriulian-0", "name": "man\u0221-\u02c8a\u02d0 {mangj\u00e2}", "description": "Decorte 2015; Virili 2015; Pirona 1871: 246.", "markup_description": "Decorte 2015; Virili 2015; Pirona 1871: 246.", "valueset_pk": 3814, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 3814, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lFriulian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 45, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "man\u0221-\u02c8a\u02d0 {mangj\u00e2}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 45, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "friu1240", "ethnologue_code": "fur", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Friulian", "name": "Friulian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 46.1473, "longitude": 13.0493}, "name": "Friulian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [13.0493, 46.1473]}, "id": "Friulian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 4724, "ipa": "ma\u014bd\u0320\u0361\u0292-\u02c8e ", "cognate_class": -1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lLanzoTorinesePiemontese-0", "name": "ma\u014b\u01ef-\u02c8e {mang\u00e9}", "description": "Gisolo 2015; Brero 1976: 194. Borrowed from Old French {mangier} 'to eat'.", "markup_description": "Gisolo 2015; Brero 1976: 194. Borrowed from Old French {mangier} 'to eat'.", "valueset_pk": 3821, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 3821, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lLanzoTorinesePiemontese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 52, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "ma\u014b\u01ef-\u02c8e {mang\u00e9}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 52, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "piem1238", "ethnologue_code": "pms", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "LanzoTorinesePiemontese", "name": "Lanzo Torinese Piemontese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 45.4633, "longitude": 8.32366}, "name": "Lanzo Torinese Piemontese"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [8.32366, 45.4633]}, "id": "LanzoTorinesePiemontese"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 4725, "ipa": "ma\u014bd\u0320\u0361\u0292-\u02c8e ", "cognate_class": -1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lBarbaniaPiemontese-0", "name": "ma\u014b\u01ef-\u02c8e {mang\u00e9}", "description": "Fiandro 2015; Brero 1976: 194. Borrowed from Old French {mangier} 'to eat'.", "markup_description": "Fiandro 2015; Brero 1976: 194. 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", "valueset_pk": 3858, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 3858, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lGalician", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 89, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "kom-\u02c8e-\u027e {comer} ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 89, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "gali1258", "ethnologue_code": "glg", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Galician", "name": "Galician", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 42.2446, "longitude": -7.5343}, "name": "Galician"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-7.5343, 42.2446]}, "id": "Galician"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 4762, "ipa": "mand\u0320\u0361\u0292-\u02c8a ", "cognate_class": -1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lProvencalOccitan-0", "name": "man\u01ef-\u02c8a {manja}", "description": "Coupier 1995: 851. Borrowed from Old French {mangier} 'to eat'.", "markup_description": "Coupier 1995: 851. Borrowed from Old French {mangier} 'to eat'.", "valueset_pk": 3859, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 3859, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lProvencalOccitan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 90, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "man\u01ef-\u02c8a {manja}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 90, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "prov1235", "ethnologue_code": "oci", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "ProvencalOccitan", "name": "Proven\u00e7al Occitan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 44.0, "longitude": 6.0}, "name": "Proven\u00e7al Occitan"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [6.0, 44.0]}, "id": "ProvencalOccitan"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 4765, "ipa": "m\u0251\u0303\u0292-e ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lStandardFrench-0", "name": "m\u0251\u0303\u017e-e {manger}", "description": "Robert-Collins 1989: 197; Rayevskaya 2013: 405.", "markup_description": "Robert-Collins 1989: 197; Rayevskaya 2013: 405.", "valueset_pk": 3862, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 3862, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lStandardFrench", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 93, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "m\u0251\u0303\u017e-e {manger}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 93, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "stan1290", "ethnologue_code": "fra", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "StandardFrench", "name": "Standard French", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 48.0, "longitude": 2.0}, "name": "Standard French"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [2.0, 48.0]}, "id": "StandardFrench"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 10055, "ipa": "ka\u0304\u0342 ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lSkou-0", "name": "ka\u0304\u0342 {kang}", "description": "Donohue 2002: 25; Donohue 2004: 526. An example: \"She\u2019s eating some fish\" (Donohue 2002: 25).", "markup_description": "Donohue 2002: 25; Donohue 2004: 526. An example: \"She\u2019s eating some fish\" (Donohue 2002: 25).", "valueset_pk": 8933, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 8933, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lSkou", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 96, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "ka\u0304\u0342 {kang}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 96, "parent_pk": 6, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "nucl1634", "ethnologue_code": "skv", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Skou", "name": "Skou", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -2.64378, "longitude": 140.902}, "name": "Skou"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [140.902, -2.64378]}, "id": "Skou"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 10689, "ipa": "uk-sun  ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lVartashenUdi-0", "name": "uk-sun {\u0443\u043a\u0441\u0443\u043d} ", "description": "Gukasyan 1974: 212; F\u00e4hnrich 1999: 32; Dirr 1903: 5, 17, 42, 58, 60, 89; Schiefner 1863: 79; Schulze 2001: 328; Starchevskiy 1891: 489. \nCommon Udi notes: According to [Maisak 2008a: 108 f.] and [Schulze 2001: 328], with a suppletive paradigm in both dialects: <i>uk- </i>(present-infinitive, imperative, future) / <i>k\u00e4(y)- </i>(past). The synchronic roots <i>uk- </i>and <i>k\u00e4(y)- </i>are etymologically related, see notes on 'to say'.  \n\t<b>Caucasian Albanian</b>: <i>uk</i>- (present-infinitive) / <i>kay-</i> (past) [Gippert et al. 2008: IV-35]. ", "markup_description": "Gukasyan 1974: 212; F\u00e4hnrich 1999: 32; Dirr 1903: 5, 17, 42, 58, 60, 89; Schiefner 1863: 79; Schulze 2001: 328; Starchevskiy 1891: 489. \nCommon Udi notes: According to [Maisak 2008a: 108 f.] and [Schulze 2001: 328], with a suppletive paradigm in both dialects: <i>uk- </i>(present-infinitive, imperative, future) / <i>k\u00e4(y)- </i>(past). The synchronic roots <i>uk- </i>and <i>k\u00e4(y)- </i>are etymologically related, see notes on 'to say'.  \n\t<b>Caucasian Albanian</b>: <i>uk</i>- (present-infinitive) / <i>kay-</i> (past) [Gippert et al. 2008: IV-35]. ", "valueset_pk": 9484, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 9484, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lVartashenUdi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 98, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 10710, "ipa": "k\u00e6j- ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lVartashenUdi-1", "name": "k\u00e4y- ", "description": "Perfective stem.\nCommon Udi notes: ", "markup_description": "Perfective stem.\nCommon Udi notes: ", "valueset_pk": 9484, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 9484, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lVartashenUdi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 98, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "uk-sun {\u0443\u043a\u0441\u0443\u043d} , k\u00e4y- ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 98, "parent_pk": 7, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "udii1243", "ethnologue_code": "udi", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "VartashenUdi", "name": "Vartashen Udi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 40.9, "longitude": 47.7236}, "name": "Vartashen Udi"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [47.7236, 40.9]}, "id": "VartashenUdi"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 10690, "ipa": "=k\u02b7an- ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lArchi-0", "name": "=k\u02b7an- ", "description": "Chumakina et al. 2007; Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 155; Kibrik et al. 1977b: 259, 358; Comrie & Khalilov 2010: 271; Mikailov 1967: 185; Dirr 1908: 158, 227. Subj. = human. Ablaut paradigm: =<i>k\u02b7an</i>- [imperf.] / =<i>kun</i>- [inf., perf.] / =<i>k\u02b7en</i>- [imv.], see [Kibrik et al. 1977a 3: 241; Chumakina et al. 2007].   \n\tSynchronically distinct from the suppletive verb 'to eat (subj. = animal)': =<i>k\u02c8ukin</i>- [imperf., imv.] / =<i>k\u02c8un</i>- [inf., perf.], see [Kibrik et al. 1977a 2: 72; Kibrik et al. 1977a 3: 242; Kibrik et al. 1977b: 259; Chumakina et al. 2007] (perfective <i>=k\u02c8unni </i>probably <i>< kun-t\u02d0\u02c8e</i>, for the nasal sandhi see [Kibrik et al. 1977a 1: 304; Kibrik et al. 1977a 2: 69]). As correctly proposed in [Kibrik et al. 1977a 2: 73 fn. 51] and [NCED: 207], all the stems of both verbs originate from the \"Proto-Archi\" root <i>k\u02b7an</i> (or rather <i>k\u02b7an / k\u02b7en</i>).  \n\tDistinct from <i>l\u02c8ah-bo-</i> 'to want to eat smth.' [Chumakina et al. 2007; Kibrik et al. 1977b: 271] (complex verb, formed with the suppletive light verb <i>-bo-</i> 'to say').", "markup_description": "Chumakina et al. 2007; Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 155; Kibrik et al. 1977b: 259, 358; Comrie & Khalilov 2010: 271; Mikailov 1967: 185; Dirr 1908: 158, 227. Subj. = human. Ablaut paradigm: =<i>k\u02b7an</i>- [imperf.] / =<i>kun</i>- [inf., perf.] / =<i>k\u02b7en</i>- [imv.], see [Kibrik et al. 1977a 3: 241; Chumakina et al. 2007].   \n\tSynchronically distinct from the suppletive verb 'to eat (subj. = animal)': =<i>k\u02c8ukin</i>- [imperf., imv.] / =<i>k\u02c8un</i>- [inf., perf.], see [Kibrik et al. 1977a 2: 72; Kibrik et al. 1977a 3: 242; Kibrik et al. 1977b: 259; Chumakina et al. 2007] (perfective <i>=k\u02c8unni </i>probably <i>< kun-t\u02d0\u02c8e</i>, for the nasal sandhi see [Kibrik et al. 1977a 1: 304; Kibrik et al. 1977a 2: 69]). As correctly proposed in [Kibrik et al. 1977a 2: 73 fn. 51] and [NCED: 207], all the stems of both verbs originate from the \"Proto-Archi\" root <i>k\u02b7an</i> (or rather <i>k\u02b7an / k\u02b7en</i>).  \n\tDistinct from <i>l\u02c8ah-bo-</i> 'to want to eat smth.' [Chumakina et al. 2007; Kibrik et al. 1977b: 271] (complex verb, formed with the suppletive light verb <i>-bo-</i> 'to say').", "valueset_pk": 9485, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 9485, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lArchi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 99, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=k\u02b7an- ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 99, "parent_pk": 7, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "arch1244", "ethnologue_code": "aqc", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Archi", "name": "Archi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 42.3239, "longitude": 46.8267}, "name": "Archi"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [46.8267, 42.3239]}, "id": "Archi"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 10691, "ipa": "y\u0295l- ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lKrytsproper-0", "name": "\u00fc\u0295l- ", "description": "Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 155; Comrie & Khalilov 2010: 271. Synchronically suppletive paradigm: <i>\u00fc\u0295l-</i> [imperf.] / <i>\u0295\u00fcl-</i> [perf.].", "markup_description": "Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 155; Comrie & Khalilov 2010: 271. Synchronically suppletive paradigm: <i>\u00fc\u0295l-</i> [imperf.] / <i>\u0295\u00fcl-</i> [perf.].", "valueset_pk": 9486, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 9486, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lKrytsproper", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 100, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "\u00fc\u0295l- ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 100, "parent_pk": 7, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "kryt1240", "ethnologue_code": "kry", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Krytsproper", "name": "Kryts (proper)", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.1811, "longitude": 48.1846}, "name": "Kryts (proper)"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [48.1846, 41.1811]}, "id": "Krytsproper"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 10693, "ipa": "s=o\u02a1ul-  ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lBudukh-0", "name": "s=o\u02a1ul- {\u0441\u043e\u044a\u0443\u043b-} ", "description": "Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 156. Missing from [Meylanova 1984] as a separate entry, but attested in examples, e.g., [Meylanova 1984: 128 sub <i>sor\u0295u</i>]. Ablaut paradigm: <i>so\u02a1ul-</i> [imperf.] / <i>sa\u02a1al-</i> [perf., imv.]. Initial <i>s=</i> is a prefix with general semantics [Alekseev 1994: 271 f.].   \n\tIn [Comrie & Khalilov 2010: 271] 'to eat' is glossed as <i>\u010d\u02bcat\u02bc yix\u0259r</i>, lit. 'flat cake, scone' + 'to be, exist' apparently due to an inaccurate Russian question to a Budukh informant: Russian collocation of the type <i>\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0445\u043b\u0435\u0431</i> means both 'to eat bread' and 'there is bread'.", "markup_description": "Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 156. Missing from [Meylanova 1984] as a separate entry, but attested in examples, e.g., [Meylanova 1984: 128 sub <i>sor\u0295u</i>]. Ablaut paradigm: <i>so\u02a1ul-</i> [imperf.] / <i>sa\u02a1al-</i> [perf., imv.]. Initial <i>s=</i> is a prefix with general semantics [Alekseev 1994: 271 f.].   \n\tIn [Comrie & Khalilov 2010: 271] 'to eat' is glossed as <i>\u010d\u02bcat\u02bc yix\u0259r</i>, lit. 'flat cake, scone' + 'to be, exist' apparently due to an inaccurate Russian question to a Budukh informant: Russian collocation of the type <i>\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0445\u043b\u0435\u0431</i> means both 'to eat bread' and 'there is bread'.", "valueset_pk": 9488, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 9488, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lBudukh", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 102, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "s=o\u02a1ul- {\u0441\u043e\u044a\u0443\u043b-} ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 102, "parent_pk": 7, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "budu1248", "ethnologue_code": "bdk", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Budukh", "name": "Budukh", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.2272, "longitude": 48.3353}, "name": "Budukh"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [48.3353, 41.2272]}, "id": "Budukh"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 10697, "ipa": "CLASS=\u0294il-  ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lMukhadRutul-0", "name": "CLASS=\u0294il- {\u0438\u043b\u0430\u044c\u0441} ", "description": "Dirr 1912: 157; Ibragimov 1978: 120.  \n\tSynchronically, a suppletive paradigm: CLASS=<i>\u0294il-\u00e4-r-</i> [imperf.] / <i>li\u0294-i-r</i> [perf.] / CLASS=<i>il-\u00e4</i> [imv.]. In [Makhmudova 2001: 70, 94, 98, 114, 147, 158, 209,<i> </i>247], the perfective and imperative stems are consistently quoted as <i>ul-e-</i> - contracted forms of class 3 (*<i>w=</i>)? In [Comrie & Khalilov 2010: 271], the perfective stem is quoted as <i>lu\u0294\u02e4-u-</i> with unclear pharyngealization.  \n\tDistinct from <i>y=\u0268x-</i> 'to eat (subj. = animal)' [Makhmudova 2001: 94] (not found in other Rutul sources).\nCommon Rutul notes: Historically, the perfective stem <i>li\u0294- </i>is a metathetical variant of the imperfective one <i>\u0294il-</i>.", "markup_description": "Dirr 1912: 157; Ibragimov 1978: 120.  \n\tSynchronically, a suppletive paradigm: CLASS=<i>\u0294il-\u00e4-r-</i> [imperf.] / <i>li\u0294-i-r</i> [perf.] / CLASS=<i>il-\u00e4</i> [imv.]. In [Makhmudova 2001: 70, 94, 98, 114, 147, 158, 209,<i> </i>247], the perfective and imperative stems are consistently quoted as <i>ul-e-</i> - contracted forms of class 3 (*<i>w=</i>)? In [Comrie & Khalilov 2010: 271], the perfective stem is quoted as <i>lu\u0294\u02e4-u-</i> with unclear pharyngealization.  \n\tDistinct from <i>y=\u0268x-</i> 'to eat (subj. = animal)' [Makhmudova 2001: 94] (not found in other Rutul sources).\nCommon Rutul notes: Historically, the perfective stem <i>li\u0294- </i>is a metathetical variant of the imperfective one <i>\u0294il-</i>.", "valueset_pk": 9492, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 9492, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lMukhadRutul", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 106, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 10714, "ipa": "li\u0294- ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lMukhadRutul-1", "name": "li\u0294- ", "description": "Perfective stem.\nCommon Rutul notes: ", "markup_description": "Perfective stem.\nCommon Rutul notes: ", "valueset_pk": 9492, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 9492, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lMukhadRutul", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 106, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "CLASS=\u0294il- {\u0438\u043b\u0430\u044c\u0441} , li\u0294- ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 106, "parent_pk": 7, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "rutu1240", "ethnologue_code": "rut", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "MukhadRutul", "name": "Mukhad Rutul", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.6187, "longitude": 47.3244}, "name": "Mukhad Rutul"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [47.3244, 41.6187]}, "id": "MukhadRutul"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 10699, "ipa": "CLASS=il- ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lLuchekRutul-0", "name": "CLASS=il- ", "description": "Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 155. Imperfective stem.  \n\tSynchronically, a suppletive paradigm: CLASS=<i>il-e-r-</i> [imperf.] / <i>li\u0294-i-r</i> [perf.] / CLASS=<i>il-i</i> [imv.].\nCommon Rutul notes: Historically, the perfective stem <i>li\u0294- </i>is a metathetical variant of the imperfective one <i>\u0294il-</i>.", "markup_description": "Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 155. Imperfective stem.  \n\tSynchronically, a suppletive paradigm: CLASS=<i>il-e-r-</i> [imperf.] / <i>li\u0294-i-r</i> [perf.] / CLASS=<i>il-i</i> [imv.].\nCommon Rutul notes: Historically, the perfective stem <i>li\u0294- </i>is a metathetical variant of the imperfective one <i>\u0294il-</i>.", "valueset_pk": 9494, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 9494, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lLuchekRutul", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 108, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 10716, "ipa": "li\u0294- ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lLuchekRutul-1", "name": "li\u0294- ", "description": "Perfective stem.\nCommon Rutul notes: ", "markup_description": "Perfective stem.\nCommon Rutul notes: ", "valueset_pk": 9494, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 9494, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lLuchekRutul", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 108, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "CLASS=il- , li\u0294- ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 108, "parent_pk": 7, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "rutu1240", "ethnologue_code": "rut", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "LuchekRutul", "name": "Luchek Rutul", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.6187, "longitude": 47.3244}, "name": "Luchek Rutul"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [47.3244, 41.6187]}, "id": "LuchekRutul"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 10700, "ipa": "\u02a1ut\u02bc-ala- ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lKoshanAghul-0", "name": "\u02a1ut\u02bc-ala- ", "description": "Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 155; Suleymanov 2003: 215; Shaumyan 1941: 181.\nCommon Aghul notes: Note the forms that retain etymological <i>-l-</i>: Gequn and Proper Aghul <i>\u02a1al-di, Hal-a-</i> and eventually Koshan <i>\u02a1ut\u02bc-ala-</i>.", "markup_description": "Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 155; Suleymanov 2003: 215; Shaumyan 1941: 181.\nCommon Aghul notes: Note the forms that retain etymological <i>-l-</i>: Gequn and Proper Aghul <i>\u02a1al-di, Hal-a-</i> and eventually Koshan <i>\u02a1ut\u02bc-ala-</i>.", "valueset_pk": 9495, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 9495, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lKoshanAghul", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 109, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 10717, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lKoshanAghul-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "\nCommon Aghul notes: ", "markup_description": "\nCommon Aghul notes: ", "valueset_pk": 9495, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 9495, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lKoshanAghul", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 109, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "\u02a1ut\u02bc-ala- , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 109, "parent_pk": 7, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "kosh1245", "ethnologue_code": "agx", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "KoshanAghul", "name": "Koshan Aghul", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.85, "longitude": 47.65}, "name": "Koshan Aghul"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [47.65, 41.85]}, "id": "KoshanAghul"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 10704, "ipa": "\u02a1al-di ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lAghulproper-0", "name": "\u02a1al-di ", "description": "Suleymanov 2003: 215; Shaumyan 1941: 181. Synchronically, with a suppletive paradigm: <i>\u02a1al-di </i>[imperf.] / <i>\u02a1ut\u02bc-una- </i>[perf.] / <i>\u02a1ut\u02bc-ana- </i>[inf.] / <i>\u02a1ut\u02bc-en</i> [imv.].  \n\tThe same verb in other subdialects: Kurag, Tsirkhe <i>\u02a1ut\u02bc-a- </i>'to eat' [Magometov 1970: 142, 206 sentence 11, 215 sentence 22]; Duldug <i>Hut\u02bc-a- </i>'to eat' [Shaumyan 1941: 181]. It should be noted that for the Tsirkhe subdialect the infinitive form <i>Hal-a-s </i>'to eat' is quoted in [Shaumyan 1941: 181].", "markup_description": "Suleymanov 2003: 215; Shaumyan 1941: 181. Synchronically, with a suppletive paradigm: <i>\u02a1al-di </i>[imperf.] / <i>\u02a1ut\u02bc-una- </i>[perf.] / <i>\u02a1ut\u02bc-ana- </i>[inf.] / <i>\u02a1ut\u02bc-en</i> [imv.].  \n\tThe same verb in other subdialects: Kurag, Tsirkhe <i>\u02a1ut\u02bc-a- </i>'to eat' [Magometov 1970: 142, 206 sentence 11, 215 sentence 22]; Duldug <i>Hut\u02bc-a- </i>'to eat' [Shaumyan 1941: 181]. It should be noted that for the Tsirkhe subdialect the infinitive form <i>Hal-a-s </i>'to eat' is quoted in [Shaumyan 1941: 181].", "valueset_pk": 9499, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 9499, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lAghulproper", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 113, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 10721, "ipa": "\u02a1ut\u02bc-una- ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lAghulproper-1", "name": "\u02a1ut\u02bc-una- ", "description": "Perfective stem.", "markup_description": "Perfective stem.", "valueset_pk": 9499, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 9499, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lAghulproper", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 113, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "\u02a1al-di , \u02a1ut\u02bc-una- ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 113, "parent_pk": 7, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "aghu1253", "ethnologue_code": "agx", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Aghulproper", "name": "Aghul (proper)", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.9242, "longitude": 47.5843}, "name": "Aghul (proper)"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [47.5843, 41.9242]}, "id": "Aghulproper"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 10705, "ipa": "\u02c8yd- ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lNorthernTabasaran-0", "name": "\u02c8\u00fcd- ", "description": "Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 155. Synchronically, a highly irregular suppletive paradigm: <i>\u02c8\u00fcld-e\u02d0-</i> (i.e. <i>\u02c8\u00fc-l-d-e\u02d0-</i> with the <i>l-</i>infix) [imperf.] / <i>\u02c8u\u02e4p\u02bc-</i> [perf.: class 2 sg.] / <i>\u02c8u\u02e4t\u02bc-</i> [perf.: class pl.] / <i>\u00fcp\u02bc-\u02c8</i> [imv.: class 2 sg.] / <i>\u00fcp\u02bc-\u02c8</i> [inf.: class 2 sg.] / <i>\u00fct\u02bc-\u02c8</i> [inf.: class pl.]. Class 2 sg. factually means singular object, class pl. - plural object.   \n\tSimilar paradigm in the Khanag subdialect:<i> \u00fc-l-d-</i> [imperf.] / <i>u\u02e4p\u02bc-</i> [perf., imv., inf.: class 2 sg.] / <i>u\u02e4t\u02bc-</i> [perf., imv., inf.: class pl.] 'to eat' [Uslar 1979: 938; Dirr 1905: 211, 247]. Some interesting Khanag aorist forms (class 2) are also quoted by Dirr: <i>el-, \u00fcl-</i>, where medial <i>-l-</i> is the imperfective prefix.   \n\tThe same in the Khyuryuk subdialect:<i> \u02c8\u00fc-l-d-</i> [imperf.] / <i>u\u02e4p\u02bc-, u\u02e4t\u02bc- </i>[perf., inf.] {\u0443\u044c\u043fI\u0443\u044c\u0432} 'to eat' [Genko 2005: 159].\nCommon Tabasaran notes: As proposed in [NCED: 625 f.], the variety of modern forms is explained by suggesting assimilation of the Tabasaran class infixes <i>-b-</i> (class 2 sg.), <i>-d-</i> (class pl.) with the old root glottal-stop, i.e. <i>ip\u02bc- ~ \u02c8u\u02e4p\u02bc- ~ \u00fcp\u02bc-\u02c8</i> < <i>*\u0294i-b-\u0294-</i>, <i>\u02c8u\u02e4t\u02bc-</i> ~ <i>\u00fct\u02bc-</i> < <i>*\u0294i-d-\u0294-</i>. Infixed <i>-d-</i> is retained in the Northern imperfective stem <i>\u00fc-l-d-</i> (< <i>*\u0294i-l-d-V\u0294-</i>?). In the Southern dialect the paradigm has been levelled after the class 2 forms (<i>ip\u02bc-</i>), although in Literary Tabasaran the class agreement has secondarily been restored: <i>ip\u02bc-\u02c8 </i>/ <i>it\u02bc-\u02c8</i>.", "markup_description": "Kibrik & Kodzasov 1988: 155. Synchronically, a highly irregular suppletive paradigm: <i>\u02c8\u00fcld-e\u02d0-</i> (i.e. <i>\u02c8\u00fc-l-d-e\u02d0-</i> with the <i>l-</i>infix) [imperf.] / <i>\u02c8u\u02e4p\u02bc-</i> [perf.: class 2 sg.] / <i>\u02c8u\u02e4t\u02bc-</i> [perf.: class pl.] / <i>\u00fcp\u02bc-\u02c8</i> [imv.: class 2 sg.] / <i>\u00fcp\u02bc-\u02c8</i> [inf.: class 2 sg.] / <i>\u00fct\u02bc-\u02c8</i> [inf.: class pl.]. Class 2 sg. factually means singular object, class pl. - plural object.   \n\tSimilar paradigm in the Khanag subdialect:<i> \u00fc-l-d-</i> [imperf.] / <i>u\u02e4p\u02bc-</i> [perf., imv., inf.: class 2 sg.] / <i>u\u02e4t\u02bc-</i> [perf., imv., inf.: class pl.] 'to eat' [Uslar 1979: 938; Dirr 1905: 211, 247]. Some interesting Khanag aorist forms (class 2) are also quoted by Dirr: <i>el-, \u00fcl-</i>, where medial <i>-l-</i> is the imperfective prefix.   \n\tThe same in the Khyuryuk subdialect:<i> \u02c8\u00fc-l-d-</i> [imperf.] / <i>u\u02e4p\u02bc-, u\u02e4t\u02bc- </i>[perf., inf.] {\u0443\u044c\u043fI\u0443\u044c\u0432} 'to eat' [Genko 2005: 159].\nCommon Tabasaran notes: As proposed in [NCED: 625 f.], the variety of modern forms is explained by suggesting assimilation of the Tabasaran class infixes <i>-b-</i> (class 2 sg.), <i>-d-</i> (class pl.) with the old root glottal-stop, i.e. <i>ip\u02bc- ~ \u02c8u\u02e4p\u02bc- ~ \u00fcp\u02bc-\u02c8</i> < <i>*\u0294i-b-\u0294-</i>, <i>\u02c8u\u02e4t\u02bc-</i> ~ <i>\u00fct\u02bc-</i> < <i>*\u0294i-d-\u0294-</i>. Infixed <i>-d-</i> is retained in the Northern imperfective stem <i>\u00fc-l-d-</i> (< <i>*\u0294i-l-d-V\u0294-</i>?). In the Southern dialect the paradigm has been levelled after the class 2 forms (<i>ip\u02bc-</i>), although in Literary Tabasaran the class agreement has secondarily been restored: <i>ip\u02bc-\u02c8 </i>/ <i>it\u02bc-\u02c8</i>.", "valueset_pk": 9500, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 9500, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lNorthernTabasaran", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 114, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 10722, "ipa": "\u02c8u\u02e4p\u02bc- ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lNorthernTabasaran-1", "name": "\u02c8u\u02e4p\u02bc- ", "description": "Dyubek perfective stem of the class 2 sg. (i.e. singular object).\nCommon Tabasaran notes: ", "markup_description": "Dyubek perfective stem of the class 2 sg. (i.e. singular object).\nCommon Tabasaran notes: ", "valueset_pk": 9500, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 9500, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lNorthernTabasaran", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 114, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "\u02c8\u00fcd- , \u02c8u\u02e4p\u02bc- ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 114, "parent_pk": 7, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "taba1259", "ethnologue_code": "tab", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "NorthernTabasaran", "name": "Northern Tabasaran", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 42.0198, "longitude": 47.8379}, "name": "Northern Tabasaran"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [47.8379, 42.0198]}, "id": "NorthernTabasaran"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 10707, "ipa": "ne- ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lGyuneLezgi-0", "name": "ne- ", "description": "Uslar 1896: 564, 639. Synchronically suppletive paradigm: <i>ne-</i> [imperf., imv.] / <i>t\u02bc\u00fc-</i> [perf.]. \n\tThe same in Literary Lezgi:<i> ne-</i> [imperf.] / <i>t\u02bc\u00fc-</i> [perf.] / <i>ne\u0294</i> [imv.] {\u0442I\u0443\u044c\u043d} 'to eat' [Talibov & Gadzhiev 1966: 326; Gadzhiev 1950: 194; Haspelmath 1993: 509, 518; Gyulmagomedov 2004, 2: 289].", "markup_description": "Uslar 1896: 564, 639. Synchronically suppletive paradigm: <i>ne-</i> [imperf., imv.] / <i>t\u02bc\u00fc-</i> [perf.]. \n\tThe same in Literary Lezgi:<i> ne-</i> [imperf.] / <i>t\u02bc\u00fc-</i> [perf.] / <i>ne\u0294</i> [imv.] {\u0442I\u0443\u044c\u043d} 'to eat' [Talibov & Gadzhiev 1966: 326; Gadzhiev 1950: 194; Haspelmath 1993: 509, 518; Gyulmagomedov 2004, 2: 289].", "valueset_pk": 9502, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 9502, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lGyuneLezgi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 116, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 10724, "ipa": "t\u02bcy- ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lGyuneLezgi-1", "name": "t\u02bc\u00fc- ", "description": "Perfective stem.", "markup_description": "Perfective stem.", "valueset_pk": 9502, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 9502, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lGyuneLezgi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 116, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "ne- , t\u02bc\u00fc- ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 116, "parent_pk": 7, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "lezg1247", "ethnologue_code": "lez", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "GyuneLezgi", "name": "Gyune Lezgi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.5157, "longitude": 47.8951}, "name": "Gyune Lezgi"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [47.8951, 41.5157]}, "id": "GyuneLezgi"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 13441, "ipa": "j\u025bs ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lOrbaniciChakavian-0", "name": "y\u025bs {j\u0205s}", "description": "Kalsbeek 1998: 458. Distinct from <i>pap-\u02c8a-t</i> {pap\u0201t} 'to eat', used in baby talk [Kalsbeek 1998: 513] and from <i>\u017eer-\u02c8a-t</i> {\u017eer\u0201t} (less common is the form <i>\u017ery\u011b-t </i>{\u017er<sup>i</sup>\u1ebdt}) 'to gulp, to bolt (food), to devour, to eat in an improper way / to eat (of animals)' [Kalsbeek 1998: 595].", "markup_description": "Kalsbeek 1998: 458. Distinct from <i>pap-\u02c8a-t</i> {pap\u0201t} 'to eat', used in baby talk [Kalsbeek 1998: 513] and from <i>\u017eer-\u02c8a-t</i> {\u017eer\u0201t} (less common is the form <i>\u017ery\u011b-t </i>{\u017er<sup>i</sup>\u1ebdt}) 'to gulp, to bolt (food), to devour, to eat in an improper way / to eat (of animals)' [Kalsbeek 1998: 595].", "valueset_pk": 11729, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 11729, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lOrbaniciChakavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 120, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "y\u025bs {j\u0205s}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 120, "parent_pk": 8, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "chak1265", "ethnologue_code": "hrv", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "OrbaniciChakavian", "name": "Orbanici Chakavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 47.544, "longitude": 16.626}, "name": "Orbanici Chakavian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [16.626, 47.544]}, "id": "OrbaniciChakavian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 13442, "ipa": "j\u025bs-t ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lOrlecChakavian-0", "name": "y\u025bs-t {j\u0205st}", "description": "Houtzagers 1985: 259. Distinct from <i>xl\u02c8ap-a-t</i> {hl\u0201pat} 'eat (of pigs) / eat greedily and noisily (of people) / make a flapping sound' [Houtzagers 1985: 252]; from <i>g\u02c8uc-a-t</i> {g\u0215cat} ~ <i>g\u02c8us-a-t </i>{g\u0215sat} 'to gobble, eat greedily / to retch (when eating too greadily)' [Houtzagers 1985: 249]; from <i>mani\u017e-\u02c8a-t</i> {mani\u017e\u0201t} 'to eat (quickly)' [Houtzagers 1985: 291]; and from <i>\u017er\u025b\u030c\u02d0-t</i> {\u017er\u1ebdt} 'to eat (of animals and (rude) of people' [Houtzagers 1985: 406].", "markup_description": "Houtzagers 1985: 259. Distinct from <i>xl\u02c8ap-a-t</i> {hl\u0201pat} 'eat (of pigs) / eat greedily and noisily (of people) / make a flapping sound' [Houtzagers 1985: 252]; from <i>g\u02c8uc-a-t</i> {g\u0215cat} ~ <i>g\u02c8us-a-t </i>{g\u0215sat} 'to gobble, eat greedily / to retch (when eating too greadily)' [Houtzagers 1985: 249]; from <i>mani\u017e-\u02c8a-t</i> {mani\u017e\u0201t} 'to eat (quickly)' [Houtzagers 1985: 291]; and from <i>\u017er\u025b\u030c\u02d0-t</i> {\u017er\u1ebdt} 'to eat (of animals and (rude) of people' [Houtzagers 1985: 406].", "valueset_pk": 11730, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 11730, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lOrlecChakavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 121, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "y\u025bs-t {j\u0205st}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 121, "parent_pk": 8, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "chak1265", "ethnologue_code": "hrv", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "OrlecChakavian", "name": "Orlec Chakavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 47.544, "longitude": 16.626}, "name": "Orlec Chakavian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [16.626, 47.544]}, "id": "OrlecChakavian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 13443, "ipa": "\u00ees-ti ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lVrgadaChakavian-0", "name": "\u00ees-ti {\u0209sti} ~ \u01d0\u02d0s-ti {\u0129sti}", "description": "Juri\u0161i\u0107 1973: 73. Fist person sg. is <i>i\u02d0d-\u025b\u0302n</i> {\u012bd\u0205n}. Distinct from <i>p\u00e2p-i-ti</i> {p\u0201piti} 'to eat', used in baby-talk [Juri\u0161i\u0107 1973: 148].", "markup_description": "Juri\u0161i\u0107 1973: 73. Fist person sg. is <i>i\u02d0d-\u025b\u0302n</i> {\u012bd\u0205n}. Distinct from <i>p\u00e2p-i-ti</i> {p\u0201piti} 'to eat', used in baby-talk [Juri\u0161i\u0107 1973: 148].", "valueset_pk": 11731, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 11731, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lVrgadaChakavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 122, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "\u00ees-ti {\u0209sti} ~ \u01d0\u02d0s-ti {\u0129sti}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 122, "parent_pk": 8, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "chak1265", "ethnologue_code": "hrv", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "VrgadaChakavian", "name": "Vrgada Chakavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 47.544, "longitude": 16.626}, "name": "Vrgada Chakavian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [16.626, 47.544]}, "id": "VrgadaChakavian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 13444, "ipa": "j\u00ee\u02d0s-t ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lDevinskaNovaVesChakavian-0", "name": "y\u00ee\u02d0s-t {j\u020bst}", "description": "V\u00e1\u017en\u00fd 1927: 152.", "markup_description": "V\u00e1\u017en\u00fd 1927: 152.", "valueset_pk": 11732, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 11732, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lDevinskaNovaVesChakavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 123, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "y\u00ee\u02d0s-t {j\u020bst}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 123, "parent_pk": 8, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "chak1265", "ethnologue_code": "hrv", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "DevinskaNovaVesChakavian", "name": "Devinska Nova Ves Chakavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 47.544, "longitude": 16.626}, "name": "Devinska Nova Ves Chakavian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [16.626, 47.544]}, "id": "DevinskaNovaVesChakavian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 13445, "ipa": "jejs ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lBurgenlandKajkavian-0", "name": "yeys {j\u0207s}", "description": "Houtzagers 1999: 258-259. Perfective: <i>p\u02c8wo=y\u00e4s</i> {p\u020dje\u0327s}. Distinct from <i>\u017e\u02c8\u00e4r-\u0252-t</i> {\u017e\u0205\u0327rat} 'to eat (of animals or, rude, of people) / to drink (alcohol, rude)' [Houtzagers 1999: 339].  \nHoutzagers also provides the term <i>k\u02c8u\u0161-a-t</i> {k\u0215\u0161at}, which he translates as 'eat; taste' [Houtzagers 1999: 269], but only two contexts for this word can be found in his book and they are not sufficient to define its meaning with greater precision. However, we suppose that it has some additional connotations.", "markup_description": "Houtzagers 1999: 258-259. Perfective: <i>p\u02c8wo=y\u00e4s</i> {p\u020dje\u0327s}. Distinct from <i>\u017e\u02c8\u00e4r-\u0252-t</i> {\u017e\u0205\u0327rat} 'to eat (of animals or, rude, of people) / to drink (alcohol, rude)' [Houtzagers 1999: 339].  \nHoutzagers also provides the term <i>k\u02c8u\u0161-a-t</i> {k\u0215\u0161at}, which he translates as 'eat; taste' [Houtzagers 1999: 269], but only two contexts for this word can be found in his book and they are not sufficient to define its meaning with greater precision. However, we suppose that it has some additional connotations.", "valueset_pk": 11733, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 11733, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lBurgenlandKajkavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 124, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "yeys {j\u0207s}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 124, "parent_pk": 8, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "burg1244", "ethnologue_code": "hrv", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "BurgenlandKajkavian", "name": "Burgenland Kajkavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 47.544, "longitude": 16.626}, "name": "Burgenland Kajkavian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [16.626, 47.544]}, "id": "BurgenlandKajkavian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 13446, "ipa": "j\u02c8e\u02d0s-ti ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lLjubljanaSlovene-0", "name": "y\u02c8e\u02d0s-ti {jesti}", "description": "Ogrinc 2014; Uhlik 2016. \nStandard Slovene: {jesti} [Pretnar 1964: 178].", "markup_description": "Ogrinc 2014; Uhlik 2016. \nStandard Slovene: {jesti} [Pretnar 1964: 178].", "valueset_pk": 11734, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 11734, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lLjubljanaSlovene", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 125, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "y\u02c8e\u02d0s-ti {jesti}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 125, "parent_pk": 8, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "slov1268", "ethnologue_code": "slv", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "LjubljanaSlovene", "name": "Ljubljana Slovene", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 46.2543, "longitude": 14.7766}, "name": "Ljubljana Slovene"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [14.7766, 46.2543]}, "id": "LjubljanaSlovene"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 13448, "ipa": "ij\u02c8\u0259\u02d0s-t ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lZatolminSlovenian-0", "name": "iy\u02c8\u0259\u02d0s-t {i\u02c8j\u0259\u02d0st}", "description": "\u010cujec Stres 1: 234-235. The term <i>\u00f0u\u03b2s-t</i> {\u02c8\u0111u\u0180st} 'to gouge, to chisel' can be used in the meaning 'to eat' as well [\u010cujec Stres 1: 140], probably with a pejorative shade.", "markup_description": "\u010cujec Stres 1: 234-235. The term <i>\u00f0u\u03b2s-t</i> {\u02c8\u0111u\u0180st} 'to gouge, to chisel' can be used in the meaning 'to eat' as well [\u010cujec Stres 1: 140], probably with a pejorative shade.", "valueset_pk": 11736, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 11736, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lZatolminSlovenian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 127, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "iy\u02c8\u0259\u02d0s-t {i\u02c8j\u0259\u02d0st}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 127, "parent_pk": 8, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "slov1268", "ethnologue_code": "slv", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "ZatolminSlovenian", "name": "Zatolmin Slovenian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 46.2543, "longitude": 14.7766}, "name": "Zatolmin Slovenian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [14.7766, 46.2543]}, "id": "ZatolminSlovenian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 13453, "ipa": "j\u025bs-t ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lPilisszantoSlovak-0", "name": "y\u025bs-t {jest}", "description": "Gregor 1975: 143, 231. First person sg. is <i>yi\u02d0-m</i> {j\u00edm}.", "markup_description": "Gregor 1975: 143, 231. First person sg. is <i>yi\u02d0-m</i> {j\u00edm}.", "valueset_pk": 11741, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 11741, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lPilisszantoSlovak", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 132, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "y\u025bs-t {jest}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 132, "parent_pk": 8, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "slov1269", "ethnologue_code": "slk", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "PilisszantoSlovak", "name": "Pilisszanto Slovak", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 48.545705, "longitude": 18.78479}, "name": "Pilisszanto Slovak"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [18.78479, 48.545705]}, "id": "PilisszantoSlovak"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 13454, "ipa": "j\u025b\u0255 ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lWieciorkaLesserPolish-0", "name": "y\u025b\ue043 {i\u032fe\u015b}", "description": "Kuca\u0142a 1957: 191. SidG., Fac.: <i>y\u025b\ue043</i> {i\u032fe\u015b}. Habitual form: <i>y\u02c8\u0252d-a-\u0255</i> {i\u032f\u00e5da\u0107} [Kuca\u0142a 1957: 191]. Distinct from <i>x\u02c8\u0252rk-a-\u0255</i> {\u03c7\u00e5rka\u0107} 'to eat (about animals or about people pejoratively)', which means 'to choke (intransitive)' and rarely 'to eat' in Fac. [Kuca\u0142a 1957: 81].", "markup_description": "Kuca\u0142a 1957: 191. SidG., Fac.: <i>y\u025b\ue043</i> {i\u032fe\u015b}. Habitual form: <i>y\u02c8\u0252d-a-\u0255</i> {i\u032f\u00e5da\u0107} [Kuca\u0142a 1957: 191]. Distinct from <i>x\u02c8\u0252rk-a-\u0255</i> {\u03c7\u00e5rka\u0107} 'to eat (about animals or about people pejoratively)', which means 'to choke (intransitive)' and rarely 'to eat' in Fac. [Kuca\u0142a 1957: 81].", "valueset_pk": 11742, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 11742, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lWieciorkaLesserPolish", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 133, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "y\u025b\ue043 {i\u032fe\u015b}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 133, "parent_pk": 8, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "poli1260", "ethnologue_code": "pol", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "WieciorkaLesserPolish", "name": "Wieciorka Lesser Polish", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 51.8439, "longitude": 18.6255}, "name": "Wieciorka Lesser Polish"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [18.6255, 51.8439]}, "id": "WieciorkaLesserPolish"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 15161, "ipa": "v\u0250\u0302\u026bg\u02b2-i\u02d0-t\u02b2\u026a ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lStandardLithuanian-0", "name": "v\u0250\u0302\u026bg\u02b8-i\u02d0-t\u02b8\u026a {v\u00e1lgyti}", "description": "Baronas I: 241. Distinct from \u00ea\u02d0s\u02b8-t\u02b8\u026a {\u0117\u0301sti} 'to eat (about animals)' [Baronas I: 241].", "markup_description": "Baronas I: 241. Distinct from \u00ea\u02d0s\u02b8-t\u02b8\u026a {\u0117\u0301sti} 'to eat (about animals)' [Baronas I: 241].", "valueset_pk": 13355, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 13355, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lStandardLithuanian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 136, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "v\u0250\u0302\u026bg\u02b8-i\u02d0-t\u02b8\u026a {v\u00e1lgyti}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 136, "parent_pk": 9, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "lith1251", "ethnologue_code": "lit", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "StandardLithuanian", "name": "Standard Lithuanian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 55.1429, "longitude": 23.9601}, "name": "Standard Lithuanian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [23.9601, 55.1429]}, "id": "StandardLithuanian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 15162, "ipa": "\u025b\u0302\u02d0s-t ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lStandardLatvian-0", "name": "\u025b\u0302\u02d0s-t {\u0113\u0302st}", "description": "KLV 1988: 129-130; LVP 1995: 218. \nSinole dialect: <i>\u025b\u0302s-t</i> {\u00east} [Putni\u0146a & Timu\u0161ka 2001: 54].", "markup_description": "KLV 1988: 129-130; LVP 1995: 218. \nSinole dialect: <i>\u025b\u0302s-t</i> {\u00east} [Putni\u0146a & Timu\u0161ka 2001: 54].", "valueset_pk": 13356, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 13356, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lStandardLatvian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 137, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "\u025b\u0302\u02d0s-t {\u0113\u0302st}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 137, "parent_pk": 9, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "stan1325", "ethnologue_code": "lvs", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "StandardLatvian", "name": "Standard Latvian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 57.0, "longitude": 24.0}, "name": "Standard Latvian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [24.0, 57.0]}, "id": "StandardLatvian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 15364, "ipa": "ed-     ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lHittiteOld-0", "name": "ed-     ", "description": "HED E-I: 315; Kloekhorst 2008: 261. A <i>mi-</i>conjugation verb; paradigm: <i>ed- / ad-</i>. OH+. Cognate with Palaic <i>ad-</i> 'to eat', Luwian (C&H) <i>ad-</i> 'to eat'. A Common IE term. Cf. the Hitt. verb <i>karap-</i> \u2018to eat (of animals), devour\u2019 [HED K: 72; Kloekhorst 2008: 442].", "markup_description": "HED E-I: 315; Kloekhorst 2008: 261. A <i>mi-</i>conjugation verb; paradigm: <i>ed- / ad-</i>. OH+. Cognate with Palaic <i>ad-</i> 'to eat', Luwian (C&H) <i>ad-</i> 'to eat'. A Common IE term. Cf. the Hitt. verb <i>karap-</i> \u2018to eat (of animals), devour\u2019 [HED K: 72; Kloekhorst 2008: 442].", "valueset_pk": 13553, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 13553, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lHittiteOld", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 138, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "ed-     ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 138, "parent_pk": 10, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "hitt1242", "ethnologue_code": "hit", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "HittiteOld", "name": "Hittite (Old)", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 40.0, "longitude": 35.0}, "name": "Hittite (Old)"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [35.0, 40.0]}, "id": "HittiteOld"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 15601, "ipa": "t\u032aaji ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lYandruwandha-0", "name": "t\u032aayi {thayi}", "description": "Breen 2015a: 100. Polysemy: \u2018eat / chew (tobacco)\u2019. Some examples: {Kathi thungga ngathu thayina} \u201cI ate rotten meat\u201d (Breen 2015a: 100).", "markup_description": "Breen 2015a: 100. Polysemy: \u2018eat / chew (tobacco)\u2019. Some examples: {Kathi thungga ngathu thayina} \u201cI ate rotten meat\u201d (Breen 2015a: 100).", "valueset_pk": 13772, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 13772, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lYandruwandha", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 140, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "t\u032aayi {thayi}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 140, "parent_pk": 12, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "yand1253", "ethnologue_code": "ynd", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Yandruwandha", "name": "Yandruwandha", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -28.4744, "longitude": 140.583}, "name": "Yandruwandha"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [140.583, -28.4744]}, "id": "Yandruwandha"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 15720, "ipa": "aio ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lRotokas-0", "name": "aio {aio}", "description": "Firchow et al. 1973: 3, 299; Firchow & Firchow 2008: 2, 104. Distinct from <i>gata-sia</i> {gatasia} (Firchow et al. 1973: 20, 29) without instances derived from <i>gata</i> {gata} \u2018food / feast / meal\u2019.", "markup_description": "Firchow et al. 1973: 3, 299; Firchow & Firchow 2008: 2, 104. Distinct from <i>gata-sia</i> {gatasia} (Firchow et al. 1973: 20, 29) without instances derived from <i>gata</i> {gata} \u2018food / feast / meal\u2019.", "valueset_pk": 13882, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 13882, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cto-eat-lRotokas", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 141, "parameter_pk": 23, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "aio {aio}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 141, "parent_pk": 13, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "roto1249", "ethnologue_code": "roo", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Rotokas", "name": "Rotokas", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -5.94339, "longitude": 155.154}, "name": "Rotokas"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [155.154, -5.94339]}, "id": "Rotokas"}]}