{"type": "FeatureCollection", "properties": {"layer": "", "name": "that", "domain": []}, "features": [{"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 98, "ipa": "n\u032a-u-wa-arri ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lPittaPitta-0", "name": "n\u032a-u-wa-arri {n\u032auwa:rri}", "description": "Blake 1979: 194.", "markup_description": "Blake 1979: 194.", "valueset_pk": 85, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 85, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lPittaPitta", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 15, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "n\u032a-u-wa-arri {n\u032auwa:rri}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 15, "parent_pk": 1, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "pitt1247", "ethnologue_code": "pit", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "PittaPitta", "name": "Pitta Pitta", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -22.7952, "longitude": 139.983}, "name": "Pitta Pitta"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [139.983, -22.7952]}, "id": "PittaPitta"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 444, "ipa": "n\u032a-awu-wa", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lDieri-0", "name": "n\u032a-awu-wa", "description": "Austin 1978: 154, 157. It follows from Austin\u2019s description and examples that Diyari has the only demonstrative pronoun with a very complex and suppletive paradigm:: <i>n\u032a-awu</i> [abs. sg. non-f.] / <i>n\u032a-ani</i> [abs. sg. f] / <i>pu-la</i> [abs. dual.] / <i>t\u032aa-na</i> [abs. pl.]. For the proximal deixis \u2018this\u2019, it is modified with the enclitic <i>-ya</i> \u2018near the speaker\u2019, as in the example \u201cShe hit me with this stick\u201d (Austin 1978: 157). For the distal deixis \u2018that\u2019, it is modified with the enclitic <i>-wa</i> \u2018distant from the speaker\u2019 (Austin 1978: 157).", "markup_description": "Austin 1978: 154, 157. It follows from Austin\u2019s description and examples that Diyari has the only demonstrative pronoun with a very complex and suppletive paradigm:: <i>n\u032a-awu</i> [abs. sg. non-f.] / <i>n\u032a-ani</i> [abs. sg. f] / <i>pu-la</i> [abs. dual.] / <i>t\u032aa-na</i> [abs. pl.]. For the proximal deixis \u2018this\u2019, it is modified with the enclitic <i>-ya</i> \u2018near the speaker\u2019, as in the example \u201cShe hit me with this stick\u201d (Austin 1978: 157). For the distal deixis \u2018that\u2019, it is modified with the enclitic <i>-wa</i> \u2018distant from the speaker\u2019 (Austin 1978: 157).", "valueset_pk": 415, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 415, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lDieri", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 18, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "n\u032a-awu-wa", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 18, "parent_pk": 3, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "dier1241", "ethnologue_code": "dif", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Dieri", "name": "Dieri", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -28.1667, "longitude": 138.0}, "name": "Dieri"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [138.0, -28.1667]}, "id": "Dieri"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 2694, "ipa": "jo\u02d0w ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lHupa-0", "name": "yo\u02d0w ", "description": "Sapir & Golla 2001: 810; Golla 1996a: 95. Originates < *yo\u02d0w-i.   <br/><br/>\tThe general deictic system in Hupa is ternary:       <br/><br/>\t1) te\u02d0 ~ te\u02d0-t ~ hay=te\u02d0 ~ hay=te\u02d0-t 'this' [Sapir & Golla 2001: 747; Golla 1996a: 96; Golla 1970: 299] (the plain form te\u02d0 with polysemy: 'this / here');       <br/><br/>\t2) yo\u02d0w ~ hay=yo\u02d0w 'that (close by, visible)' [Sapir & Golla 2001: 810; Golla 1996a: 95; Golla 1970: 299];       <br/><br/>\t3) ye\u02d0w ~ hay=ye\u02d0w 'that (far off, invisible)' [Sapir & Golla 2001: 806; Golla 1996a: 95; Golla 1970: 299].       <br/><br/>\tWe treat yo\u02d0w and ye\u02d0w as synonyms.   <br/><br/>\tFor the optional proclitic hay=, which functions like a definite article in nominal phrases, see [Golla 1970: 268 f.].", "markup_description": "Sapir & Golla 2001: 810; Golla 1996a: 95. Originates < *yo\u02d0w-i.   <br/><br/>\tThe general deictic system in Hupa is ternary:       <br/><br/>\t1) te\u02d0 ~ te\u02d0-t ~ hay=te\u02d0 ~ hay=te\u02d0-t 'this' [Sapir & Golla 2001: 747; Golla 1996a: 96; Golla 1970: 299] (the plain form te\u02d0 with polysemy: 'this / here');       <br/><br/>\t2) yo\u02d0w ~ hay=yo\u02d0w 'that (close by, visible)' [Sapir & Golla 2001: 810; Golla 1996a: 95; Golla 1970: 299];       <br/><br/>\t3) ye\u02d0w ~ hay=ye\u02d0w 'that (far off, invisible)' [Sapir & Golla 2001: 806; Golla 1996a: 95; Golla 1970: 299].       <br/><br/>\tWe treat yo\u02d0w and ye\u02d0w as synonyms.   <br/><br/>\tFor the optional proclitic hay=, which functions like a definite article in nominal phrases, see [Golla 1970: 268 f.].", "valueset_pk": 2037, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 2037, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lHupa", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 19, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2713, "ipa": "je\u02d0w", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lHupa-1", "name": "ye\u02d0w", "description": "Sapir & Golla 2001: 806; Golla 1996a: 95. Originates < *ye\u02d0w-i.", "markup_description": "Sapir & Golla 2001: 806; Golla 1996a: 95. Originates < *ye\u02d0w-i.", "valueset_pk": 2037, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 2037, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lHupa", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 19, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "yo\u02d0w , ye\u02d0w", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 19, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "hupa1239", "ethnologue_code": "hup", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Hupa", "name": "Hupa", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.0982, "longitude": -123.68}, "name": "Hupa"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-123.68, 41.0982]}, "id": "Hupa"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 2695, "ipa": "ji\u02d0 ~ hai=ji\u02d0 ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lMattole-0", "name": "yi\u02d0 ~ hai=yi\u02d0 ", "description": "Li 1930: 133. According to [Li 1930: 133], the system of Mattole demonstrative pronouns is binary: ti\u02d0 'this, these' (also hai=ti\u02d0) / yi\u02d0 'that, those' (also hai=yi\u02d0). There is also  a general demonstrative hai, glossed by Li as 'the, this, that' and specified as \"practically an article\".  <br/><br/>\tBear River dialect: not attested reliably.", "markup_description": "Li 1930: 133. According to [Li 1930: 133], the system of Mattole demonstrative pronouns is binary: ti\u02d0 'this, these' (also hai=ti\u02d0) / yi\u02d0 'that, those' (also hai=yi\u02d0). There is also  a general demonstrative hai, glossed by Li as 'the, this, that' and specified as \"practically an article\".  <br/><br/>\tBear River dialect: not attested reliably.", "valueset_pk": 2038, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 2038, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lMattole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 20, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2714, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lMattole-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 2038, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 2038, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lMattole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 20, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "yi\u02d0 ~ hai=yi\u02d0 , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 20, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "matt1238", "ethnologue_code": "mvb", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Mattole", "name": "Mattole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 40.4321, "longitude": -122.863}, "name": "Mattole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-122.863, 40.4321]}, "id": "Mattole"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 2696, "ipa": "hai=je ~ hai=ji\u02d0 ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lKato-0", "name": "hai=ye ~ hai=yi\u02d0 ", "description": "Goddard 1912: 34. According to [Goddard 1912: 34], the system of Kato demonstrative pronouns is binary: ti\u02d0 'this' / hai=ye ~ hai=yi\u02d0 'that'. There is also a general demonstrative hi\u02d0, glossed by Goddard as 'the' and specified as \"practically an article\".", "markup_description": "Goddard 1912: 34. According to [Goddard 1912: 34], the system of Kato demonstrative pronouns is binary: ti\u02d0 'this' / hai=ye ~ hai=yi\u02d0 'that'. There is also a general demonstrative hi\u02d0, glossed by Goddard as 'the' and specified as \"practically an article\".", "valueset_pk": 2039, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 2039, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lKato", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 21, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2715, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lKato-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 2039, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 2039, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lKato", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 21, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "hai=ye ~ hai=yi\u02d0 , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 21, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "kato1244", "ethnologue_code": "ktw", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Kato", "name": "Kato", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 39.7002, "longitude": -123.432}, "name": "Kato"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-123.432, 39.7002]}, "id": "Kato"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 2697, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": -1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lTaldashGalice-0", "name": "N/A", "description": "Not attested.", "markup_description": "Not attested.", "valueset_pk": 2040, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 2040, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lTaldashGalice", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 22, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2716, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lTaldashGalice-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 2040, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 2040, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lTaldashGalice", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 22, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "N/A, N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 22, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "gali1261", "ethnologue_code": "gce", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "TaldashGalice", "name": "Taldash Galice", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 45.3914, "longitude": -120.75}, "name": "Taldash Galice"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-120.75, 45.3914]}, "id": "TaldashGalice"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 2698, "ipa": "\u0281i-n-i ~ \u0281i-n ", "cognate_class": 3, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lUpperInletTanaina-0", "name": "\u0281i-n-i ~ \u0281i-n ", "description": "Kari 2007: 65, 329; Kari 1977: 81.", "markup_description": "Kari 2007: 65, 329; Kari 1977: 81.", "valueset_pk": 2041, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 2041, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lUpperInletTanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 23, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2717, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lUpperInletTanaina-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 2041, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 2041, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lUpperInletTanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 23, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "\u0281i-n-i ~ \u0281i-n , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 23, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "tana1289", "ethnologue_code": "tfn", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "UpperInletTanaina", "name": "Upper Inlet Tanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 60.4712, "longitude": -150.759}, "name": "Upper Inlet Tanaina"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-150.759, 60.4712]}, "id": "UpperInletTanaina"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 2699, "ipa": "\u0281i-n-i ~ \u0281i-n ", "cognate_class": 3, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lOuterInletTanaina-0", "name": "\u0281i-n-i ~ \u0281i-n ", "description": "Kari 2007: 65, 329; Kari 1977: 81; Boraas 2010: 37.", "markup_description": "Kari 2007: 65, 329; Kari 1977: 81; Boraas 2010: 37.", "valueset_pk": 2042, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 2042, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lOuterInletTanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 24, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2718, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lOuterInletTanaina-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 2042, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 2042, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lOuterInletTanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 24, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "\u0281i-n-i ~ \u0281i-n , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 24, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "tana1289", "ethnologue_code": "tfn", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "OuterInletTanaina", "name": "Outer Inlet Tanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 60.4712, "longitude": -150.759}, "name": "Outer Inlet Tanaina"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-150.759, 60.4712]}, "id": "OuterInletTanaina"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 2700, "ipa": "\u0281i-n-i ~ \u0281i-n ", "cognate_class": 3, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lInlandTanaina-0", "name": "\u0281i-n-i ~ \u0281i-n ", "description": "Kari 2007: 65, 329; Kari 1977: 81; Holton et al. 2004: 10.\nCommon Tanaina notes: According to [Kari 2007; Kari 1977] and other sources, the system of Tanaina demonstrative pronouns (both attributive and nominalized) is binary. These forms are common for all the dialects.  <br/><br/>\t1) 'this': ki-n-i ~ ki-n (non-human), ku-n-\u0259n (single person), ku-n-a < *ku-n-na (plural persons).  <br/><br/>\t2) 'that': \u0281i-n-i ~ \u0281i-n (non-human), \u0281u-n-\u0259n (single person), \u0281u-n-a < *\u0281u-n-na (plural persons).  <br/><br/>\tThe suffixal status of -n in ki-n & \u0281i-n follows from the cognate local adverbs ku 'here, nearby' and \u0281u 'there, in the distance' [Boraas 2010: 37]. In turn, -\u0259n is the human singulative exponent, *-na is the human plural exponent [Kari 2007: 329; Holton et al. 2004: 15; Boraas 2010: 17, 52].  <br/><br/>\tIf -i in the non-human variants kin-i and \u0281in-i is the common relative nominalizer -(\u0294)i / -(y)i [Kari 2007: 329; Boraas 2010: 17, 144], it is possible that kin-i and \u0281in-i were originally used in the non-attributive function.", "markup_description": "Kari 2007: 65, 329; Kari 1977: 81; Holton et al. 2004: 10.\nCommon Tanaina notes: According to [Kari 2007; Kari 1977] and other sources, the system of Tanaina demonstrative pronouns (both attributive and nominalized) is binary. These forms are common for all the dialects.  <br/><br/>\t1) 'this': ki-n-i ~ ki-n (non-human), ku-n-\u0259n (single person), ku-n-a < *ku-n-na (plural persons).  <br/><br/>\t2) 'that': \u0281i-n-i ~ \u0281i-n (non-human), \u0281u-n-\u0259n (single person), \u0281u-n-a < *\u0281u-n-na (plural persons).  <br/><br/>\tThe suffixal status of -n in ki-n & \u0281i-n follows from the cognate local adverbs ku 'here, nearby' and \u0281u 'there, in the distance' [Boraas 2010: 37]. In turn, -\u0259n is the human singulative exponent, *-na is the human plural exponent [Kari 2007: 329; Holton et al. 2004: 15; Boraas 2010: 17, 52].  <br/><br/>\tIf -i in the non-human variants kin-i and \u0281in-i is the common relative nominalizer -(\u0294)i / -(y)i [Kari 2007: 329; Boraas 2010: 17, 144], it is possible that kin-i and \u0281in-i were originally used in the non-attributive function.", "valueset_pk": 2043, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 2043, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lInlandTanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 25, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2719, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lInlandTanaina-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan\nCommon Tanaina notes: nan", "markup_description": "nan\nCommon Tanaina notes: nan", "valueset_pk": 2043, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 2043, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lInlandTanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 25, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "\u0281i-n-i ~ \u0281i-n , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 25, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "tana1289", "ethnologue_code": "tfn", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "InlandTanaina", "name": "Inland Tanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 60.4712, "longitude": -150.759}, "name": "Inland Tanaina"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-150.759, 60.4712]}, "id": "InlandTanaina"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 2701, "ipa": "\u0281i-n-i ~ \u0281i-n ", "cognate_class": 3, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lIliamnaTanaina-0", "name": "\u0281i-n-i ~ \u0281i-n ", "description": "Kari 2007: 65, 329; Kari 1977: 81.\nCommon Tanaina notes: According to [Kari 2007; Kari 1977] and other sources, the system of Tanaina demonstrative pronouns (both attributive and nominalized) is binary. These forms are common for all the dialects.  <br/><br/>\t1) 'this': ki-n-i ~ ki-n (non-human), ku-n-\u0259n (single person), ku-n-a < *ku-n-na (plural persons).  <br/><br/>\t2) 'that': \u0281i-n-i ~ \u0281i-n (non-human), \u0281u-n-\u0259n (single person), \u0281u-n-a < *\u0281u-n-na (plural persons).  <br/><br/>\tThe suffixal status of -n in ki-n & \u0281i-n follows from the cognate local adverbs ku 'here, nearby' and \u0281u 'there, in the distance' [Boraas 2010: 37]. In turn, -\u0259n is the human singulative exponent, *-na is the human plural exponent [Kari 2007: 329; Holton et al. 2004: 15; Boraas 2010: 17, 52].  <br/><br/>\tIf -i in the non-human variants kin-i and \u0281in-i is the common relative nominalizer -(\u0294)i / -(y)i [Kari 2007: 329; Boraas 2010: 17, 144], it is possible that kin-i and \u0281in-i were originally used in the non-attributive function.", "markup_description": "Kari 2007: 65, 329; Kari 1977: 81.\nCommon Tanaina notes: According to [Kari 2007; Kari 1977] and other sources, the system of Tanaina demonstrative pronouns (both attributive and nominalized) is binary. These forms are common for all the dialects.  <br/><br/>\t1) 'this': ki-n-i ~ ki-n (non-human), ku-n-\u0259n (single person), ku-n-a < *ku-n-na (plural persons).  <br/><br/>\t2) 'that': \u0281i-n-i ~ \u0281i-n (non-human), \u0281u-n-\u0259n (single person), \u0281u-n-a < *\u0281u-n-na (plural persons).  <br/><br/>\tThe suffixal status of -n in ki-n & \u0281i-n follows from the cognate local adverbs ku 'here, nearby' and \u0281u 'there, in the distance' [Boraas 2010: 37]. In turn, -\u0259n is the human singulative exponent, *-na is the human plural exponent [Kari 2007: 329; Holton et al. 2004: 15; Boraas 2010: 17, 52].  <br/><br/>\tIf -i in the non-human variants kin-i and \u0281in-i is the common relative nominalizer -(\u0294)i / -(y)i [Kari 2007: 329; Boraas 2010: 17, 144], it is possible that kin-i and \u0281in-i were originally used in the non-attributive function.", "valueset_pk": 2044, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 2044, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lIliamnaTanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 26, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2720, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lIliamnaTanaina-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan\nCommon Tanaina notes: nan", "markup_description": "nan\nCommon Tanaina notes: nan", "valueset_pk": 2044, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 2044, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lIliamnaTanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 26, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "\u0281i-n-i ~ \u0281i-n , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 26, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "tana1289", "ethnologue_code": "tfn", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "IliamnaTanaina", "name": "Iliamna Tanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 60.4712, "longitude": -150.759}, "name": "Iliamna Tanaina"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-150.759, 60.4712]}, "id": "IliamnaTanaina"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 2702, "ipa": "\u0281a-n-i ", "cognate_class": 3, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lCentralAhtena-0", "name": "\u0281a-n-i ", "description": "Kari 1990: 208, 607.   <br/><br/>\tLower Ahtena: \u0281a-n-i [Kari 1990: 208, 607].   <br/><br/>\tWestern Ahtena: \u0281a-n-i [Kari 1990: 208, 607].\nCommon Ahtena notes: It is likely that the system of Ahtena demonstrative pronouns (both attributive and nominalized) is binary. These forms are common for all the dialects.  <br/><br/>\t1) 'this': k\u02b8a\u02d0-n-i (non-human), k\u02b8a\u02d0-n-en (single person), k\u02b8a\u02d0-n-e < *ka\u02d0-n-ne (plural persons) [Kari 1990: 178, 608].  <br/><br/>\t2) 'that': \u0281a-n-i ~ (non-human), \u0281a-n-en (single person), \u0281a-n-e < *\u0281a-n-ne (plural persons) [Kari 1990: 208, 607].  <br/><br/>\tThe suffixal status of -n in k\u02b8a\u02d0-n- & \u0281a-n- is ascertained by the cognate local adverbs k\u02b8a\u02d0 'here, this place' and \u0281a 'there, at that place' [Kari 1990: 178, 208]. Subsequently, -i is the non-human nominalizer, -en is the human singulative nominalizer, -ne is the human plural nominalizer.", "markup_description": "Kari 1990: 208, 607.   <br/><br/>\tLower Ahtena: \u0281a-n-i [Kari 1990: 208, 607].   <br/><br/>\tWestern Ahtena: \u0281a-n-i [Kari 1990: 208, 607].\nCommon Ahtena notes: It is likely that the system of Ahtena demonstrative pronouns (both attributive and nominalized) is binary. These forms are common for all the dialects.  <br/><br/>\t1) 'this': k\u02b8a\u02d0-n-i (non-human), k\u02b8a\u02d0-n-en (single person), k\u02b8a\u02d0-n-e < *ka\u02d0-n-ne (plural persons) [Kari 1990: 178, 608].  <br/><br/>\t2) 'that': \u0281a-n-i ~ (non-human), \u0281a-n-en (single person), \u0281a-n-e < *\u0281a-n-ne (plural persons) [Kari 1990: 208, 607].  <br/><br/>\tThe suffixal status of -n in k\u02b8a\u02d0-n- & \u0281a-n- is ascertained by the cognate local adverbs k\u02b8a\u02d0 'here, this place' and \u0281a 'there, at that place' [Kari 1990: 178, 208]. Subsequently, -i is the non-human nominalizer, -en is the human singulative nominalizer, -ne is the human plural nominalizer.", "valueset_pk": 2045, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 2045, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lCentralAhtena", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 27, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2721, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lCentralAhtena-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan\nCommon Ahtena notes: nan", "markup_description": "nan\nCommon Ahtena notes: nan", "valueset_pk": 2045, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 2045, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lCentralAhtena", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 27, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "\u0281a-n-i , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 27, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "ahte1237", "ethnologue_code": "aht", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "CentralAhtena", "name": "Central Ahtena", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 61.7068, "longitude": -144.889}, "name": "Central Ahtena"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-144.889, 61.7068]}, "id": "CentralAhtena"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 2703, "ipa": "\u0281a-n-i ", "cognate_class": 3, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lMentastaAhtena-0", "name": "\u0281a-n-i ", "description": "Kari 1990: 208, 607.\nCommon Ahtena notes: It is likely that the system of Ahtena demonstrative pronouns (both attributive and nominalized) is binary. These forms are common for all the dialects.  <br/><br/>\t1) 'this': k\u02b8a\u02d0-n-i (non-human), k\u02b8a\u02d0-n-en (single person), k\u02b8a\u02d0-n-e < *ka\u02d0-n-ne (plural persons) [Kari 1990: 178, 608].  <br/><br/>\t2) 'that': \u0281a-n-i ~ (non-human), \u0281a-n-en (single person), \u0281a-n-e < *\u0281a-n-ne (plural persons) [Kari 1990: 208, 607].  <br/><br/>\tThe suffixal status of -n in k\u02b8a\u02d0-n- & \u0281a-n- is ascertained by the cognate local adverbs k\u02b8a\u02d0 'here, this place' and \u0281a 'there, at that place' [Kari 1990: 178, 208]. Subsequently, -i is the non-human nominalizer, -en is the human singulative nominalizer, -ne is the human plural nominalizer.", "markup_description": "Kari 1990: 208, 607.\nCommon Ahtena notes: It is likely that the system of Ahtena demonstrative pronouns (both attributive and nominalized) is binary. These forms are common for all the dialects.  <br/><br/>\t1) 'this': k\u02b8a\u02d0-n-i (non-human), k\u02b8a\u02d0-n-en (single person), k\u02b8a\u02d0-n-e < *ka\u02d0-n-ne (plural persons) [Kari 1990: 178, 608].  <br/><br/>\t2) 'that': \u0281a-n-i ~ (non-human), \u0281a-n-en (single person), \u0281a-n-e < *\u0281a-n-ne (plural persons) [Kari 1990: 208, 607].  <br/><br/>\tThe suffixal status of -n in k\u02b8a\u02d0-n- & \u0281a-n- is ascertained by the cognate local adverbs k\u02b8a\u02d0 'here, this place' and \u0281a 'there, at that place' [Kari 1990: 178, 208]. Subsequently, -i is the non-human nominalizer, -en is the human singulative nominalizer, -ne is the human plural nominalizer.", "valueset_pk": 2046, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 2046, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lMentastaAhtena", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 28, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2722, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lMentastaAhtena-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan\nCommon Ahtena notes: nan", "markup_description": "nan\nCommon Ahtena notes: nan", "valueset_pk": 2046, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 2046, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lMentastaAhtena", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 28, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "\u0281a-n-i , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 28, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "ahte1237", "ethnologue_code": "aht", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "MentastaAhtena", "name": "Mentasta Ahtena", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 61.7068, "longitude": -144.889}, "name": "Mentasta Ahtena"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-144.889, 61.7068]}, "id": "MentastaAhtena"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 2704, "ipa": "\u00e9j\u00ed ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lDogrib-0", "name": "\u00e9y\u00ed ", "description": "Saxon & Siemens 1996: 38, 220; Marinakis et al. 2007: 162. Polysemy: 'that / there'.  <br/><br/>\tAccording to available sources, the system of Dogrib demonstrative pronouns (both attributive and nominalized) is binary: t\u00ed\u02d0(-\u0129\u0301y\u0129\u0300\u02d0) 'this' / \u00e9y\u00ed 'that; there'.", "markup_description": "Saxon & Siemens 1996: 38, 220; Marinakis et al. 2007: 162. Polysemy: 'that / there'.  <br/><br/>\tAccording to available sources, the system of Dogrib demonstrative pronouns (both attributive and nominalized) is binary: t\u00ed\u02d0(-\u0129\u0301y\u0129\u0300\u02d0) 'this' / \u00e9y\u00ed 'that; there'.", "valueset_pk": 2047, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 2047, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lDogrib", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 29, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2723, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lDogrib-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 2047, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 2047, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lDogrib", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 29, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "\u00e9y\u00ed , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 29, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "dogr1252", "ethnologue_code": "dgr", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Dogrib", "name": "Dogrib", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 63.17, "longitude": -117.25}, "name": "Dogrib"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-117.25, 63.17]}, "id": "Dogrib"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 2705, "ipa": "\u0294\u00e8j\u00ec ~ \u0294\u00e8j\u00e8-r\u00ec ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lNorthSlaveyHare-0", "name": "\u0294\u00e8y\u00ec ~ \u0294\u00e8y\u00e8-r\u00ec ", "description": "Rice 1989: 255. Final -ri (< *-ti) is an enclitic element modifying demonstrative and some other pronouns, e.g., y\u00e8-r\u00ec 'what' q.v. <br/><br/>\tAccording to [Rice 1989: 255], the system of Hare demonstrative pronouns is binary: t\u00e8-r\u00ec 'this' / \u0294\u00e8y\u00ec ~ \u0294\u00e8y\u00e8-r\u00ec 'that'.", "markup_description": "Rice 1989: 255. Final -ri (< *-ti) is an enclitic element modifying demonstrative and some other pronouns, e.g., y\u00e8-r\u00ec 'what' q.v. <br/><br/>\tAccording to [Rice 1989: 255], the system of Hare demonstrative pronouns is binary: t\u00e8-r\u00ec 'this' / \u0294\u00e8y\u00ec ~ \u0294\u00e8y\u00e8-r\u00ec 'that'.", "valueset_pk": 2048, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 2048, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lNorthSlaveyHare", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 30, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2724, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lNorthSlaveyHare-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 2048, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 2048, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lNorthSlaveyHare", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 30, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "\u0294\u00e8y\u00ec ~ \u0294\u00e8y\u00e8-r\u00ec , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 30, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "nort2942", "ethnologue_code": "scs", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "NorthSlaveyHare", "name": "North Slavey (Hare)", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 63.5, "longitude": -125.67}, "name": "North Slavey (Hare)"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-125.67, 63.5]}, "id": "NorthSlaveyHare"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 2706, "ipa": "n\u00e2\u02d0 ~ n\u00e2\u02d0-n ", "cognate_class": 4, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lTanacross-0", "name": "n\u00e2\u02d0 ~ n\u00e2\u02d0-n ", "description": "Arnold et al. 2009: 266; Shinen 1958: 24.   <br/><br/>\tDetails are not documented, but according to [Holton 2000: 279], the basic opposition of Tanacross demonstrative pronouns (both attributive and nominalized) is binary: \u010d\u00e2\u02d0 ~ \u010d\u00e2\u02d0n 'this (sg.)', \u0294\u00eay 'these (pl.)' / n\u00e2\u02d0 ~ n\u00e2\u02d0n 'that (sg.); he, she, it', \u0294\u00e8n\u0325 'those (pl.)'.    <br/><br/>\tIt should be specially noted that in [Holton 2000: 279], forms for the proximal ('this, these') and distal ('that, those') pronouns are swapped; this looks like a typographic error.", "markup_description": "Arnold et al. 2009: 266; Shinen 1958: 24.   <br/><br/>\tDetails are not documented, but according to [Holton 2000: 279], the basic opposition of Tanacross demonstrative pronouns (both attributive and nominalized) is binary: \u010d\u00e2\u02d0 ~ \u010d\u00e2\u02d0n 'this (sg.)', \u0294\u00eay 'these (pl.)' / n\u00e2\u02d0 ~ n\u00e2\u02d0n 'that (sg.); he, she, it', \u0294\u00e8n\u0325 'those (pl.)'.    <br/><br/>\tIt should be specially noted that in [Holton 2000: 279], forms for the proximal ('this, these') and distal ('that, those') pronouns are swapped; this looks like a typographic error.", "valueset_pk": 2049, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 2049, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lTanacross", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 31, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2725, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lTanacross-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 2049, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 2049, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lTanacross", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 31, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "n\u00e2\u02d0 ~ n\u00e2\u02d0-n , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 31, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "tana1290", "ethnologue_code": "tcb", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Tanacross", "name": "Tanacross", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 63.4046, "longitude": -143.338}, "name": "Tanacross"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-143.338, 63.4046]}, "id": "Tanacross"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 2707, "ipa": "aj ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lUpperTananaTetlin-0", "name": "ay ", "description": "Milanowski 2009: 12, 86. In [Milanowski 2009: 12, 18, 28, 86], the proximal demonstrative pronoun is given as \u010da-n ~ \u010dah 'this', opposed to two distal demonstrative pronouns ay and xat which are quoted as synonyms with the gloss 'that / that one (demonstrative)'. As specified by Milanowski (p.c.), ay is most commonly used, whereas xat is generally used only when an alternate equivalent is needed within a context. Thus the Tetlin system is actually binary: \u010da-n ~ \u010dah 'this' / ay 'that'. <br/><br/>\tThe pronoun ay could be analyzed as a=y, see notes on Lower Tanana.", "markup_description": "Milanowski 2009: 12, 86. In [Milanowski 2009: 12, 18, 28, 86], the proximal demonstrative pronoun is given as \u010da-n ~ \u010dah 'this', opposed to two distal demonstrative pronouns ay and xat which are quoted as synonyms with the gloss 'that / that one (demonstrative)'. As specified by Milanowski (p.c.), ay is most commonly used, whereas xat is generally used only when an alternate equivalent is needed within a context. Thus the Tetlin system is actually binary: \u010da-n ~ \u010dah 'this' / ay 'that'. <br/><br/>\tThe pronoun ay could be analyzed as a=y, see notes on Lower Tanana.", "valueset_pk": 2050, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 2050, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lUpperTananaTetlin", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 32, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2726, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lUpperTananaTetlin-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 2050, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 2050, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lUpperTananaTetlin", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 32, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "ay , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 32, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "uppe1437", "ethnologue_code": "tau", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "UpperTananaTetlin", "name": "Upper Tanana (Tetlin)", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 62.6867, "longitude": -141.37}, "name": "Upper Tanana (Tetlin)"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-141.37, 62.6867]}, "id": "UpperTananaTetlin"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 2708, "ipa": "\u0259=ji ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lLowerTananaMinto-0", "name": "\u0259=yi ", "description": "Kari 1994: 324, 494.  <br/><br/>\tAvailable sources show that the basic opposition of Lower Tanana attributive demonstrative pronouns is binary: \u010d\u028c ~ \u010d\u028cn\u0325 'this, these' / \u0259yi 'that, those'.  <br/><br/>\tThe pronoun \u0259yi with polysemy: 'that, those / it, they (3rd p. sg./pl. non-human)' is used both attributively and non-attributively, applied to things and animals. For humans, the extended stem \u0259y\u0259-n\u0325 'he, she, him, her, 3rd p. sg. human' [Kari 1994: 324], apparently also used as attributive 'that', is used.  <br/><br/>\tIn the light of such pronouns as y\u0259-t 'there, at that place' and y\u0259-na 'they, them, 3rd p. pl. human' [Kari 1994: 324], it is possible to analyze \u0259yi 'that' as \u0259=yi with \u0259= - a prefix of demonstratives, on which see further [Kari 1994: 14].", "markup_description": "Kari 1994: 324, 494.  <br/><br/>\tAvailable sources show that the basic opposition of Lower Tanana attributive demonstrative pronouns is binary: \u010d\u028c ~ \u010d\u028cn\u0325 'this, these' / \u0259yi 'that, those'.  <br/><br/>\tThe pronoun \u0259yi with polysemy: 'that, those / it, they (3rd p. sg./pl. non-human)' is used both attributively and non-attributively, applied to things and animals. For humans, the extended stem \u0259y\u0259-n\u0325 'he, she, him, her, 3rd p. sg. human' [Kari 1994: 324], apparently also used as attributive 'that', is used.  <br/><br/>\tIn the light of such pronouns as y\u0259-t 'there, at that place' and y\u0259-na 'they, them, 3rd p. pl. human' [Kari 1994: 324], it is possible to analyze \u0259yi 'that' as \u0259=yi with \u0259= - a prefix of demonstratives, on which see further [Kari 1994: 14].", "valueset_pk": 2051, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 2051, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lLowerTananaMinto", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 33, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2727, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lLowerTananaMinto-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 2051, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 2051, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lLowerTananaMinto", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 33, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "\u0259=yi , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 33, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "lowe1425", "ethnologue_code": "taa", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "LowerTananaMinto", "name": "Lower Tanana (Minto)", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 64.8834, "longitude": -149.451}, "name": "Lower Tanana (Minto)"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-149.451, 64.8834]}, "id": "LowerTananaMinto"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 2709, "ipa": "n=ju-n ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lCentralCarrier-0", "name": "n=yu-n ", "description": "Poser 1998/2013: 402; Poser 2011b: 38; Antoine et al. 1974: 352. Meaning 'that (near the addressee)'. Paradigm: nyu-n [humans & dogs, sg.] / nyu-n-ne [humans & dogs, pl.] / nyu [non-human, sg. & pl.]. <br/><br/>\tAs described in [Poser 2011b: 38] and slightly differently in [Antoine et al. 1974: 352], the system of Central Carrier attributive demonstrative pronouns is ternary: nt\u028c-n 'this (near the speaker)' / nyu-n 'that (near the addressee)' / n\u0263\u028cn-\u028cn ~ \u014b\u028cn-\u028cn 'that (far from the speaker & the addressee)'. <br/><br/>\tInitial n= is the common pronominal element, cf., e.g., n=tai 'what?, which?', n=tet 'when?'.", "markup_description": "Poser 1998/2013: 402; Poser 2011b: 38; Antoine et al. 1974: 352. Meaning 'that (near the addressee)'. Paradigm: nyu-n [humans & dogs, sg.] / nyu-n-ne [humans & dogs, pl.] / nyu [non-human, sg. & pl.]. <br/><br/>\tAs described in [Poser 2011b: 38] and slightly differently in [Antoine et al. 1974: 352], the system of Central Carrier attributive demonstrative pronouns is ternary: nt\u028c-n 'this (near the speaker)' / nyu-n 'that (near the addressee)' / n\u0263\u028cn-\u028cn ~ \u014b\u028cn-\u028cn 'that (far from the speaker & the addressee)'. <br/><br/>\tInitial n= is the common pronominal element, cf., e.g., n=tai 'what?, which?', n=tet 'when?'.", "valueset_pk": 2052, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 2052, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lCentralCarrier", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 34, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2728, "ipa": "n=\u0263\u028cn-\u028cn ~ \u014b\u028cn-\u028cn ", "cognate_class": 3, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lCentralCarrier-1", "name": "n=\u0263\u028cn-\u028cn ~ \u014b\u028cn-\u028cn ", "description": "Poser 1998/2013: 350, 352; Poser 2011b: 38; Antoine et al. 1974: 352. Meaning 'that (far from the speaker & the addressee)'. Paradigm: n\u0263\u028cn-\u028cn ~ \u014b\u028cn-\u028cn [humans & dogs, sg.] / n\u0263\u028cn-ne ~ \u014b\u028cn-ne [humans & dogs, pl.] / n\u0263\u028cn-i ~ \u014b\u028cn-i [non-human, sg. & pl.].", "markup_description": "Poser 1998/2013: 350, 352; Poser 2011b: 38; Antoine et al. 1974: 352. Meaning 'that (far from the speaker & the addressee)'. Paradigm: n\u0263\u028cn-\u028cn ~ \u014b\u028cn-\u028cn [humans & dogs, sg.] / n\u0263\u028cn-ne ~ \u014b\u028cn-ne [humans & dogs, pl.] / n\u0263\u028cn-i ~ \u014b\u028cn-i [non-human, sg. & pl.].", "valueset_pk": 2052, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 2052, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lCentralCarrier", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 34, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "n=yu-n , n=\u0263\u028cn-\u028cn ~ \u014b\u028cn-\u028cn ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 34, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "carr1249", "ethnologue_code": "crx", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "CentralCarrier", "name": "Central Carrier", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 54.3768, "longitude": -124.328}, "name": "Central Carrier"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-124.328, 54.3768]}, "id": "CentralCarrier"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 2710, "ipa": "i\u02d0j", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lKoyukon-0", "name": "i\u02d0y", "description": "Jett\u00e9 & Jones 2000: 33, 806; Jones & Kwaraceius 1997: 15. Meaning 'that (near addressee)'. The variant found mainly in the Lower dialect is o\u02d0y. <br/><br/>\tAccording to [Jones & Kwaraceius 1997: 15; Jett\u00e9 & Jones 2000: 806], the system of Central Koyukon attributive demonstrative pronouns is quaternary: ko\u02d0 'this (near speaker)' / i\u02d0y ~ o\u02d0y 'that (near addressee); aforementioned (that one that we are talking about)' / no\u0281 'that (far from speaker & addressee)' / y\u0259q\u0259 'that (far away)'. The latter item y\u0259q-\u0259 is apparently the same word as y\u0259q-\u0259 'down, downward, below' [Jett\u00e9 & Jones 2000: 687]; final -\u0259 is the lexicalized negative suffix, emphasizing small dimensions, see [Jett\u00e9 & Jones 2000: 5] and notes on 'not'. <br/><br/>\tWe treat i\u02d0y 'that (near addressee)' and no\u0281 'that (far from speaker & addressee)' as synonyms for 'that'.", "markup_description": "Jett\u00e9 & Jones 2000: 33, 806; Jones & Kwaraceius 1997: 15. Meaning 'that (near addressee)'. The variant found mainly in the Lower dialect is o\u02d0y. <br/><br/>\tAccording to [Jones & Kwaraceius 1997: 15; Jett\u00e9 & Jones 2000: 806], the system of Central Koyukon attributive demonstrative pronouns is quaternary: ko\u02d0 'this (near speaker)' / i\u02d0y ~ o\u02d0y 'that (near addressee); aforementioned (that one that we are talking about)' / no\u0281 'that (far from speaker & addressee)' / y\u0259q\u0259 'that (far away)'. The latter item y\u0259q-\u0259 is apparently the same word as y\u0259q-\u0259 'down, downward, below' [Jett\u00e9 & Jones 2000: 687]; final -\u0259 is the lexicalized negative suffix, emphasizing small dimensions, see [Jett\u00e9 & Jones 2000: 5] and notes on 'not'. <br/><br/>\tWe treat i\u02d0y 'that (near addressee)' and no\u0281 'that (far from speaker & addressee)' as synonyms for 'that'.", "valueset_pk": 2053, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 2053, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lKoyukon", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 35, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2729, "ipa": "no\u0281 ", "cognate_class": 4, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lKoyukon-1", "name": "no\u0281 ", "description": "Jett\u00e9 & Jones 2000: 493, 806; Jones & Kwaraceius 1997: 15. Meaning 'that (far from speaker & addressee)'.", "markup_description": "Jett\u00e9 & Jones 2000: 493, 806; Jones & Kwaraceius 1997: 15. Meaning 'that (far from speaker & addressee)'.", "valueset_pk": 2053, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 2053, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lKoyukon", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 35, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "i\u02d0y, no\u0281 ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 35, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "koyu1237", "ethnologue_code": "koy", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Koyukon", "name": "Koyukon", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 65.6093, "longitude": -154.229}, "name": "Koyukon"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-154.229, 65.6093]}, "id": "Koyukon"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 2711, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": -1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lDegexitan-0", "name": "N/A", "description": "Not documented properly.", "markup_description": "Not documented properly.", "valueset_pk": 2054, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 2054, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lDegexitan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 36, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2730, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lDegexitan-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 2054, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 2054, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lDegexitan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 36, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "N/A, N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 36, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "dege1248", "ethnologue_code": "ing", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Degexitan", "name": "Degexit'an", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 62.0697, "longitude": -160.044}, "name": "Degexit'an"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-160.044, 62.0697]}, "id": "Degexitan"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 2712, "ipa": "\u00ecj\u00ed ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lSarsi-0", "name": "\u00ecy\u00ed ", "description": "Cook 1984: 73. <br/><br/>\tAccording to Cook's analysis, the system of Sarsi attributive demonstrative pronouns is ternary: t\u00ec- 'this' / \u00ecy\u00ed 'that (proximate)' / n\u00f9\u0263\u00fa 'that (distant)'. We treat \u00ecy\u00ed and n\u00f9\u0263\u00fa as synonyms for 'that'.", "markup_description": "Cook 1984: 73. <br/><br/>\tAccording to Cook's analysis, the system of Sarsi attributive demonstrative pronouns is ternary: t\u00ec- 'this' / \u00ecy\u00ed 'that (proximate)' / n\u00f9\u0263\u00fa 'that (distant)'. We treat \u00ecy\u00ed and n\u00f9\u0263\u00fa as synonyms for 'that'.", "valueset_pk": 2055, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 2055, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lSarsi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 37, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2731, "ipa": "n\u00f9\u0263\u00fa ", "cognate_class": 4, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lSarsi-1", "name": "n\u00f9\u0263\u00fa ", "description": "Cook 1984: 73.", "markup_description": "Cook 1984: 73.", "valueset_pk": 2055, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 2055, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lSarsi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 37, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "\u00ecy\u00ed , n\u00f9\u0263\u00fa ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 37, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "sars1236", "ethnologue_code": "srs", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Sarsi", "name": "Sarsi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 50.8822, "longitude": -114.301}, "name": "Sarsi"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-114.301, 50.8822]}, "id": "Sarsi"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 8409, "ipa": "t\u0361s\u02c8e-la ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lMeglenoRomanian-0", "name": "c\u02c8e-la {ts\u00e9la}", "description": "Capidan 1935: 307; Capidan 1925: 153.", "markup_description": "Capidan 1935: 307; Capidan 1925: 153.", "valueset_pk": 7405, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 7405, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lMeglenoRomanian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 40, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "c\u02c8e-la {ts\u00e9la}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 40, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "megl1237", "ethnologue_code": "ruq", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "MeglenoRomanian", "name": "Megleno Romanian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.1174, "longitude": 22.3782}, "name": "Megleno Romanian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [22.3782, 41.1174]}, "id": "MeglenoRomanian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 8410, "ipa": "at\u0320\u0361\u0283\u02c8e-la ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lIstroRomanian-0", "name": "a\u010d\u02c8e-la {a\u010d\u00e9la}", "description": "Kova\u010dec 2010; S\u00e2rbu & Fr\u0103\u0163il\u0103 1998: 186; Byhan 1899: 365.", "markup_description": "Kova\u010dec 2010; S\u00e2rbu & Fr\u0103\u0163il\u0103 1998: 186; Byhan 1899: 365.", "valueset_pk": 7406, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 7406, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lIstroRomanian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 41, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "a\u010d\u02c8e-la {a\u010d\u00e9la}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 41, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "istr1245", "ethnologue_code": "ruo", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "IstroRomanian", "name": "Istro Romanian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 45.433, "longitude": 14.2}, "name": "Istro Romanian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [14.2, 45.433]}, "id": "IstroRomanian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 8411, "ipa": "at\u0361s\u02c8e-l\u016d ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lAromanian-0", "name": "ac\u02c8e-l\u016d {a\u0163\u00e9l}", "description": "Papahagi 1963: 177; Cunia 2010: 159; Dalametra 1906: 33; Bara et al. 2005: 114; Go\u0142\u0105b 1984: 195; Capidan 1932: 419-423. ", "markup_description": "Papahagi 1963: 177; Cunia 2010: 159; Dalametra 1906: 33; Bara et al. 2005: 114; Go\u0142\u0105b 1984: 195; Capidan 1932: 419-423. ", "valueset_pk": 7407, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 7407, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lAromanian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 42, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "ac\u02c8e-l\u016d {a\u0163\u00e9l}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 42, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "arom1237", "ethnologue_code": "rup", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Aromanian", "name": "Aromanian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 40.616, "longitude": 21.2}, "name": "Aromanian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [21.2, 40.616]}, "id": "Aromanian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 8412, "ipa": "at\u0320\u0361\u0283\u02c8e-l ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lRomanian-0", "name": "a\u010d\u02c8e-l {acel}", "description": "DER 2004: 939; Bolocan et al. 1985: 1504; Gancz 2015; Lukht & Narumov 2001: 611-612. Moldavian: <i>a\u010d\u02c8el</i> {acel} 'that' [Podiko 1973: 949; Borsh & Zaporozhan 1990: 449].", "markup_description": "DER 2004: 939; Bolocan et al. 1985: 1504; Gancz 2015; Lukht & Narumov 2001: 611-612. Moldavian: <i>a\u010d\u02c8el</i> {acel} 'that' [Podiko 1973: 949; Borsh & Zaporozhan 1990: 449].", "valueset_pk": 7408, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 7408, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lRomanian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 43, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "a\u010d\u02c8e-l {acel}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 43, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "roma1327", "ethnologue_code": "ron", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Romanian", "name": "Romanian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 46.3913, "longitude": 24.2256}, "name": "Romanian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [24.2256, 46.3913]}, "id": "Romanian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 8413, "ipa": "kol ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lDalmatian-0", "name": "kol {kol}", "description": "Repina & Narumov 2001: 691. A good context for both demonstratives: {ju me pl\u00fak kost v\u00e9\u1e45 de pl\u00e9 de kol de j\u00e1ra} \"I like this wine more than that of yesterday\" [Bartoli 2002: 242].", "markup_description": "Repina & Narumov 2001: 691. A good context for both demonstratives: {ju me pl\u00fak kost v\u00e9\u1e45 de pl\u00e9 de kol de j\u00e1ra} \"I like this wine more than that of yesterday\" [Bartoli 2002: 242].", "valueset_pk": 7409, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 7409, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lDalmatian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 44, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "kol {kol}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 44, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "dalm1243", "ethnologue_code": "dlm", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Dalmatian", "name": "Dalmatian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 42.7095, "longitude": 18.0238}, "name": "Dalmatian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [18.0238, 42.7095]}, "id": "Dalmatian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 8414, "ipa": "k\u025bl ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lFriulian-0", "name": "k\u025bl {chel}", "description": "Decorte 2015; Virili 2015; Pirona 1871: 692, 60; Narumov & Sukhachev 2001: 379. Often used with the particles {l\u00ec} and {l\u00e0} 'there'.", "markup_description": "Decorte 2015; Virili 2015; Pirona 1871: 692, 60; Narumov & Sukhachev 2001: 379. Often used with the particles {l\u00ec} and {l\u00e0} 'there'.", "valueset_pk": 7410, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 7410, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lFriulian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 45, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "k\u025bl {chel}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 45, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "friu1240", "ethnologue_code": "fur", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Friulian", "name": "Friulian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 46.1473, "longitude": 13.0493}, "name": "Friulian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [13.0493, 46.1473]}, "id": "Friulian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 8421, "ipa": "t\u0320\u0361\u0283\u0259l ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lLanzoTorinesePiemontese-0", "name": "\u010d\u0259l {c\u00ebl}", "description": "Gisolo 2015; Chelysheva 2001: 110.", "markup_description": "Gisolo 2015; Chelysheva 2001: 110.", "valueset_pk": 7417, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 7417, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lLanzoTorinesePiemontese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 52, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "\u010d\u0259l {c\u00ebl}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 52, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "piem1238", "ethnologue_code": "pms", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "LanzoTorinesePiemontese", "name": "Lanzo Torinese Piemontese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 45.4633, "longitude": 8.32366}, "name": "Lanzo Torinese Piemontese"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [8.32366, 45.4633]}, "id": "LanzoTorinesePiemontese"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 8422, "ipa": "kul ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lBarbaniaPiemontese-0", "name": "kul {col}", "description": "Fiandro 2015; Brero 1976: 272; Chelysheva 2001: 110.", "markup_description": "Fiandro 2015; Brero 1976: 272; Chelysheva 2001: 110.", "valueset_pk": 7418, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 7418, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lBarbaniaPiemontese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 53, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "kul {col}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 53, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "piem1238", "ethnologue_code": "pms", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "BarbaniaPiemontese", "name": "Barbania Piemontese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 45.4633, "longitude": 8.32366}, "name": "Barbania Piemontese"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [8.32366, 45.4633]}, "id": "BarbaniaPiemontese"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 8423, "ipa": "kul ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lCarmagnolaPiemontese-0", "name": "kul {col}", "description": "Sanero 2015; Chelysheva 2001: 110.", "markup_description": "Sanero 2015; Chelysheva 2001: 110.", "valueset_pk": 7419, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 7419, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lCarmagnolaPiemontese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 54, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "kul {col}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 54, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "piem1238", "ethnologue_code": "pms", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "CarmagnolaPiemontese", "name": "Carmagnola Piemontese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 45.4633, "longitude": 8.32366}, "name": "Carmagnola Piemontese"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [8.32366, 45.4633]}, "id": "CarmagnolaPiemontese"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 8425, "ipa": "kul=l\u02c8a", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lVercellesePiemontese-0", "name": "kul=l\u02c8a", "description": "Noris 2015; 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"parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "ligu1248", "ethnologue_code": "l\u0133", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "StellaLigurian", "name": "Stella Ligurian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 44.0816, "longitude": 7.90522}, "name": "Stella Ligurian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [7.90522, 44.0816]}, "id": "StellaLigurian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 8435, "ipa": "kw\u02c8\u025b-o ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lVeniceVenetian-0", "name": "kw\u02c8\u025b-o {qu\u00e8o} ~ kw\u02c8e-o {qu\u00e9o}", "description": "Tosi 2015; Gasparini 2015; Tre 2015; Cortiana 2015; Ricchieri 2015; Serena 2015. Este, Schio, Marostica, Verona: <i>kw\u02c8el-o</i> {qu\u00e9lo} 'that' [Melon 2015; Clementi 2015; Pezzin 2015; Zanetti 2015]. Treviso:<b> </b><i>kw\u02c8e\u0270-o </i>{qu\u00e9\u0142o} 'that' [Busato 2015]. Salgareda: <i>kwel</i> {quel} 'that' [Poletto 2015]. Can be emphasized by the particle <i>la</i> {l\u00e0} 'there', cf. {So ben sta storia, ma que\u0142a no me l\u00e0 ricordo} \"I am well acquainted with this tale, but do not remember that one\" but {Conosso sto omo, ma no conosso que\u0142o l\u00e0 no} \"I know this man, but I do not know that one\" [Tre 2015].", "markup_description": "Tosi 2015; Gasparini 2015; Tre 2015; Cortiana 2015; Ricchieri 2015; Serena 2015. Este, Schio, Marostica, Verona: <i>kw\u02c8el-o</i> {qu\u00e9lo} 'that' [Melon 2015; Clementi 2015; Pezzin 2015; Zanetti 2015]. Treviso:<b> </b><i>kw\u02c8e\u0270-o </i>{qu\u00e9\u0142o} 'that' [Busato 2015]. Salgareda: <i>kwel</i> {quel} 'that' [Poletto 2015]. Can be emphasized by the particle <i>la</i> {l\u00e0} 'there', cf. {So ben sta storia, ma que\u0142a no me l\u00e0 ricordo} \"I am well acquainted with this tale, but do not remember that one\" but {Conosso sto omo, ma no conosso que\u0142o l\u00e0 no} \"I know this man, but I do not know that one\" [Tre 2015].", "valueset_pk": 7431, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 7431, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lVeniceVenetian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 66, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "kw\u02c8\u025b-o {qu\u00e8o} ~ kw\u02c8e-o {qu\u00e9o}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 66, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "vene1258", "ethnologue_code": "vec", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "VeniceVenetian", "name": "Venice Venetian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 45.503581, "longitude": 12.214167}, "name": "Venice Venetian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [12.214167, 45.503581]}, "id": "VeniceVenetian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 8436, "ipa": "kwel ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lPrimieroVenetian-0", "name": "kwel {cuel}", "description": "Gaio 2015.", "markup_description": "Gaio 2015.", "valueset_pk": 7432, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 7432, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lPrimieroVenetian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 67, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "kwel {cuel}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 67, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "vene1258", "ethnologue_code": "vec", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "PrimieroVenetian", "name": "Primiero Venetian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 45.503581, "longitude": 12.214167}, "name": "Primiero Venetian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [12.214167, 45.503581]}, "id": "PrimieroVenetian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 8437, "ipa": "kwel ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lBelluneseVenetian-0", "name": "kwel {quell}", "description": "Caneve 2015.", "markup_description": "Caneve 2015.", "valueset_pk": 7433, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 7433, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lBelluneseVenetian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 68, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "kwel {quell}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 68, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "vene1258", "ethnologue_code": "vec", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "BelluneseVenetian", "name": "Bellunese Venetian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 45.503581, "longitude": 12.214167}, "name": "Bellunese Venetian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [12.214167, 45.503581]}, "id": "BelluneseVenetian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 8439, "ipa": "k\u02c8wel\u02d0-o ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lStandardItalian-0", "name": "k\u02c8wel\u02d0-o {quello}", "description": "Passerini Tosi 1989: 2381-2382; Chelysheva & Cherdantseva 2001: 76. In Literary Italian, there are three series of demonstrative pronouns: {questo} (proximal), {codesto} (medial) and {quello} (distal), but in the spoken language only two series are used [Chelysheva & Cherdantseva 2001: 76].", "markup_description": "Passerini Tosi 1989: 2381-2382; Chelysheva & Cherdantseva 2001: 76. In Literary Italian, there are three series of demonstrative pronouns: {questo} (proximal), {codesto} (medial) and {quello} (distal), but in the spoken language only two series are used [Chelysheva & Cherdantseva 2001: 76].", "valueset_pk": 7435, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 7435, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lStandardItalian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 70, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "k\u02c8wel\u02d0-o {quello}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 70, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "ital1282", "ethnologue_code": "ita", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "StandardItalian", "name": "Standard Italian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 43.0464, "longitude": 12.6489}, "name": "Standard Italian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [12.6489, 43.0464]}, "id": "StandardItalian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 8440, "ipa": "k\u02c8wel\u02d0-o ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lGrossetoItalian-0", "name": "k\u02c8wel\u02d0-o {quello}", "description": "Marcelli 2015.", "markup_description": "Marcelli 2015.", "valueset_pk": 7436, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 7436, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lGrossetoItalian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 71, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "k\u02c8wel\u02d0-o {quello}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 71, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "ital1282", "ethnologue_code": "ita", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "GrossetoItalian", "name": "Grosseto Italian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 43.0464, "longitude": 12.6489}, "name": "Grosseto Italian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [12.6489, 43.0464]}, "id": "GrossetoItalian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 8441, "ipa": "kw\u02c8il\u02d0-u ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lFolignoItalian-0", "name": "kw\u02c8il\u02d0-u {quillu}", "description": "Monti Barnocchi-Moscati 2016.", "markup_description": "Monti Barnocchi-Moscati 2016.", "valueset_pk": 7437, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 7437, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lFolignoItalian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 72, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "kw\u02c8il\u02d0-u {quillu}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 72, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "ital1282", "ethnologue_code": "ita", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "FolignoItalian", "name": "Foligno Italian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 43.0464, "longitude": 12.6489}, "name": "Foligno Italian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [12.6489, 43.0464]}, "id": "FolignoItalian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 8442, "ipa": "k\u02c8il\u02d0-\u0259 ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lNeapolitan-0", "name": "k\u02c8il\u02d0-\u0259 {chillo}", "description": "Esposito 2015; Russo 2015; Nagar 2015; Mancusi 2015; Musella 2015; Fattoruso 2015; Cerrone 2015; Alois 2015. Grottaminarda: <i>k\u02c8el\u02d0-\u0259</i> {ch\u00e9llo} 'that' [Morelli 2015].", "markup_description": "Esposito 2015; Russo 2015; Nagar 2015; Mancusi 2015; Musella 2015; Fattoruso 2015; Cerrone 2015; Alois 2015. Grottaminarda: <i>k\u02c8el\u02d0-\u0259</i> {ch\u00e9llo} 'that' [Morelli 2015].", "valueset_pk": 7438, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 7438, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lNeapolitan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 73, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "k\u02c8il\u02d0-\u0259 {chillo}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 73, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "neap1235", "ethnologue_code": "nap", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Neapolitan", "name": "Neapolitan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 39.2288, "longitude": 16.4225}, "name": "Neapolitan"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [16.4225, 39.2288]}, "id": "Neapolitan"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 8444, "ipa": "k\u02c8ud\u02d0-u ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lCampidanese-0", "name": "k\u02c8ud\u02d0-u {cuddu}", "description": "Ballicu 2015; Pintus 2015; Casciu 2006: 140. There are three series of demonstrative pronouns in Campidanese: <i>k\u02c8ust-u</i> {custu} (proximal), <i>k\u02c8us\u02d0-u</i> {cussu} (medial) and <i>k\u02c8ud\u02d0-u</i> {cuddu} (distal) [Narumov 2001: 174]. Domus de Maria: <i>k\u02c8ud\u02d0-u</i> {cuddu} 'that' [Fadda 2015].", "markup_description": "Ballicu 2015; Pintus 2015; Casciu 2006: 140. There are three series of demonstrative pronouns in Campidanese: <i>k\u02c8ust-u</i> {custu} (proximal), <i>k\u02c8us\u02d0-u</i> {cussu} (medial) and <i>k\u02c8ud\u02d0-u</i> {cuddu} (distal) [Narumov 2001: 174]. Domus de Maria: <i>k\u02c8ud\u02d0-u</i> {cuddu} 'that' [Fadda 2015].", "valueset_pk": 7440, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 7440, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lCampidanese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 75, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 8469, "ipa": "k\u02c8us\u02d0-u ", "cognate_class": 6, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lCampidanese-1", "name": "k\u02c8us\u02d0-u {cussu}", "description": "Ballicu 2015; Pintus 2015; Casciu 2006: 146. Medial demonstrative. Domus de Maria: <i>k\u02c8us\u02d0-u</i> {cussu} 'that' [Fadda 2015].", "markup_description": "Ballicu 2015; Pintus 2015; Casciu 2006: 146. Medial demonstrative. Domus de Maria: <i>k\u02c8us\u02d0-u</i> {cussu} 'that' [Fadda 2015].", "valueset_pk": 7440, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 7440, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lCampidanese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 75, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "k\u02c8ud\u02d0-u {cuddu}, k\u02c8us\u02d0-u {cussu}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 75, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "camp1261", "ethnologue_code": "sro", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Campidanese", "name": "Campidanese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 39.0566, "longitude": 9.03935}, "name": "Campidanese"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [9.03935, 39.0566]}, "id": "Campidanese"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 8445, "ipa": "k\u02c8i\u0256\u02d0-u ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lPalermitanSicilian-0", "name": "k\u02c8i\u0256\u02d0-u {chiddu}", "description": "Messina 2015; Ornato 2015; La Bua 2015. 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Distal demonstrative.", "markup_description": "Voinova et al. 1989: 638; Volf 2001: 477. Distal demonstrative.", "valueset_pk": 7453, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 7453, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lStandardPortuguese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 88, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 8475, "ipa": "\u02c8es-\u0259 ", "cognate_class": 6, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lStandardPortuguese-1", "name": "\u02c8es-\u0259 {esse}", "description": "Voinova et al. 1989: 718; Volf 2001: 477. Medial demonstrative. The distinction between <i>\u02c8es-\u0259</i> {esse} (medial) and <i>\u02c8\u025b\u0161t-\u0259</i> {este} (proximal), however, becomes neutralized in spoken Portuguese [Volf 2001: 477].", "markup_description": "Voinova et al. 1989: 718; Volf 2001: 477. Medial demonstrative. The distinction between <i>\u02c8es-\u0259</i> {esse} (medial) and <i>\u02c8\u025b\u0161t-\u0259</i> {este} (proximal), however, becomes neutralized in spoken Portuguese [Volf 2001: 477].", "valueset_pk": 7453, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 7453, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lStandardPortuguese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 88, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "\u0250k\u02c8el-\u0259 {aquele}, \u02c8es-\u0259 {esse}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 88, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "port1283", "ethnologue_code": "por", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "StandardPortuguese", "name": "Standard Portuguese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 39.91, "longitude": -8.1}, "name": "Standard Portuguese"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-8.1, 39.91]}, "id": "StandardPortuguese"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 8458, "ipa": "ak\u02c8\u025bl  ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lGalician-0", "name": "ak\u02c8\u025bl {aquel} ", "description": "Montoya Bola\u00f1os 2015; Narumov 2001: 528; Franco Grande 1968: 764, 98; Fern\u00e1ndez Armesto 1981: 81; Carr\u00e9 Alvarellos 1972: 923, 95. Distal demonstrative. ", "markup_description": "Montoya Bola\u00f1os 2015; Narumov 2001: 528; Franco Grande 1968: 764, 98; Fern\u00e1ndez Armesto 1981: 81; Carr\u00e9 Alvarellos 1972: 923, 95. Distal demonstrative. ", "valueset_pk": 7454, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 7454, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lGalician", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 89, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 8476, "ipa": "\u02c8es-e  ", "cognate_class": 6, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lGalician-1", "name": "\u02c8es-e {ese} ", "description": "Montoya Bola\u00f1os 2015; Narumov 2001: 528; Fern\u00e1ndez Armesto 1981: 349. Medial demonstrative. ", "markup_description": "Montoya Bola\u00f1os 2015; Narumov 2001: 528; Fern\u00e1ndez Armesto 1981: 349. Medial demonstrative. ", "valueset_pk": 7454, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 7454, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lGalician", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 89, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "ak\u02c8\u025bl {aquel} , \u02c8es-e {ese} ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 89, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "gali1258", "ethnologue_code": "glg", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Galician", "name": "Galician", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 42.2446, "longitude": -7.5343}, "name": "Galician"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-7.5343, 42.2446]}, "id": "Galician"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 8459, "ipa": "ak\u02c8ew ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lProvencalOccitan-0", "name": "ak\u02c8ew {aqu\u00e9u} ~ ak\u02c8el {aquel}", "description": "Coupier 1995: 211.", "markup_description": "Coupier 1995: 211.", "valueset_pk": 7455, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 7455, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lProvencalOccitan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 90, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "ak\u02c8ew {aqu\u00e9u} ~ ak\u02c8el {aquel}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 90, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "prov1235", "ethnologue_code": "oci", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "ProvencalOccitan", "name": "Proven\u00e7al Occitan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 44.0, "longitude": 6.0}, "name": "Proven\u00e7al Occitan"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [6.0, 44.0]}, "id": "ProvencalOccitan"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 8462, "ipa": "s\u0259=la ", "cognate_class": 5, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lStandardFrench-0", "name": "s\u0259=la {ce\u2026l\u00e0}", "description": "Robert-Collins 1989: 726; Rayevskaya 2013: 612-613.", "markup_description": "Robert-Collins 1989: 726; Rayevskaya 2013: 612-613.", "valueset_pk": 7458, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 7458, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lStandardFrench", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 93, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "s\u0259=la {ce\u2026l\u00e0}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 93, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "stan1290", "ethnologue_code": "fra", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "StandardFrench", "name": "Standard French", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 48.0, "longitude": 2.0}, "name": "Standard French"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [2.0, 48.0]}, "id": "StandardFrench"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 10119, "ipa": "f\u0289\u0304 a\u0304 ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lSkou-0", "name": "f\u0289\u0304 a\u0304 {fue a}", "description": "Donohue 2002: 12; Donohue 2004: 525. An example: \"That house isn\u2019t mine\" (Donohue 2002: 12).<br/>Distinct from \u0129 a\u0304 {ing a} translated as \u2018the\u2019.", "markup_description": "Donohue 2002: 12; Donohue 2004: 525. An example: \"That house isn\u2019t mine\" (Donohue 2002: 12).<br/>Distinct from \u0129 a\u0304 {ing a} translated as \u2018the\u2019.", "valueset_pk": 8995, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 8995, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lSkou", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 96, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "f\u0289\u0304 a\u0304 {fue a}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 96, "parent_pk": 6, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "nucl1634", "ethnologue_code": "skv", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Skou", "name": "Skou", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -2.64378, "longitude": 140.902}, "name": "Skou"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [140.902, -2.64378]}, "id": "Skou"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 12272, "ipa": "t\u02d0e  ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lVartashenUdi-0", "name": "t\u02d0e {\u0442I\u0435} ", "description": "Gukasyan 1974: 276; Schulze-F\u00fcrhoff 1994: 469; Schulze 2008; Schulze 2001: 326; Starchevskiy 1891: 668. \nCommon Udi notes: According to [Gukasyan 1974: 276, 279; Schulze-F\u00fcrhoff 1994: 469; Schulze 2008; Schulze 2005: 237 ff. (3.2.9.3), 447 ff. (3.3.7.1)], the underlying Nidzh-Vartashen system of demonstrative attributive pronouns was ternary: <i>*me </i>[proximal] / <i>*ka</i> [medial] / <i>*t\u02d0e</i> [distal]. This opposition is attested in both of the modern dialects: \n\tNidzh <i>mo / ko / \u0161o ~ t\u02d0e</i> (both forms <i>\u0161o</i> and <i>t\u02d0a</i> are used in the absolutive, whereas only <i>t\u02d0e</i> is used in other cases);  \n\tVartashen <i>me / ka / t\u02d0e</i>. \n\tOn the other hand, it is calculated in [Schulze 2008: 255 ff.; Schulze 2005: 237 ff. (3.2.9.3)] that the medial demonstrative attributive <i>ka</i> is used significantly less frequently than proximal <i>me </i>and distal <i>t\u02d0e</i> both in Nidzh and Vartashen texts. Thereby it is possible to analyze this as a system with the basic binary opposition <i>*me</i> 'this' / <i>*t\u02d0e</i> 'that'. \n\tThe Nidzh attributive pronoun <i>\u0161o</i> is probably secondary in the attributive function. The normal function of both Nidzh <i>\u0161o ~ \u0161o-no</i> and Vartashen <i>\u0161e-no ~ \u0161o-no</i> is the non-attributive pronouns '(s)he, it, they' [Gukasyan 1974: 276, 277].    \n\t<b>Caucasian Albanian</b>: Demonstrative attributive pronouns in the Swadesh function are too poorly documented in the palimpsests (cf. [Schulze 2008: 303 ff.; Gippert et al. 2008: II-38]).    \n\tFor the sake of lexicostatistics, the list in [Gippert et al. 2008: II-66] fills the slot 'this' with <i>-me </i>and the slot 'that' with <i>-t\u02bce-, -\u0161e-</i>. In actuality, <i>-t\u02bce-</i> is a suffixal morpheme, added to the oblique stem of the neuter anaphoric pronoun [Gippert et al. 2008: II-38] and, accordingly, to nominal referentialised forms [Gippert et al. 2008: II-29]; <i>-\u0161-</i> is found only in the damaged adverbial form <i>e\u0161ol-oqoc</i> 'from this side' and in the adverb <i>e-\u0161e</i> '(t)here(?)' [Gippert et al. 2008: II-38, IV-15] (in fact, the interpretation of the latter form is also quite uncertain, cf. [Gippert et al. 2008: VII-90 fn. 70]). In turn, <i>-me</i> is apparently found only in the proximal adverb <i>e-me</i> 'here' [Gippert et al. 2008: II-38, IV-15]. ", "markup_description": "Gukasyan 1974: 276; Schulze-F\u00fcrhoff 1994: 469; Schulze 2008; Schulze 2001: 326; Starchevskiy 1891: 668. \nCommon Udi notes: According to [Gukasyan 1974: 276, 279; Schulze-F\u00fcrhoff 1994: 469; Schulze 2008; Schulze 2005: 237 ff. (3.2.9.3), 447 ff. (3.3.7.1)], the underlying Nidzh-Vartashen system of demonstrative attributive pronouns was ternary: <i>*me </i>[proximal] / <i>*ka</i> [medial] / <i>*t\u02d0e</i> [distal]. This opposition is attested in both of the modern dialects: \n\tNidzh <i>mo / ko / \u0161o ~ t\u02d0e</i> (both forms <i>\u0161o</i> and <i>t\u02d0a</i> are used in the absolutive, whereas only <i>t\u02d0e</i> is used in other cases);  \n\tVartashen <i>me / ka / t\u02d0e</i>. \n\tOn the other hand, it is calculated in [Schulze 2008: 255 ff.; Schulze 2005: 237 ff. (3.2.9.3)] that the medial demonstrative attributive <i>ka</i> is used significantly less frequently than proximal <i>me </i>and distal <i>t\u02d0e</i> both in Nidzh and Vartashen texts. Thereby it is possible to analyze this as a system with the basic binary opposition <i>*me</i> 'this' / <i>*t\u02d0e</i> 'that'. \n\tThe Nidzh attributive pronoun <i>\u0161o</i> is probably secondary in the attributive function. The normal function of both Nidzh <i>\u0161o ~ \u0161o-no</i> and Vartashen <i>\u0161e-no ~ \u0161o-no</i> is the non-attributive pronouns '(s)he, it, they' [Gukasyan 1974: 276, 277].    \n\t<b>Caucasian Albanian</b>: Demonstrative attributive pronouns in the Swadesh function are too poorly documented in the palimpsests (cf. [Schulze 2008: 303 ff.; Gippert et al. 2008: II-38]).    \n\tFor the sake of lexicostatistics, the list in [Gippert et al. 2008: II-66] fills the slot 'this' with <i>-me </i>and the slot 'that' with <i>-t\u02bce-, -\u0161e-</i>. In actuality, <i>-t\u02bce-</i> is a suffixal morpheme, added to the oblique stem of the neuter anaphoric pronoun [Gippert et al. 2008: II-38] and, accordingly, to nominal referentialised forms [Gippert et al. 2008: II-29]; <i>-\u0161-</i> is found only in the damaged adverbial form <i>e\u0161ol-oqoc</i> 'from this side' and in the adverb <i>e-\u0161e</i> '(t)here(?)' [Gippert et al. 2008: II-38, IV-15] (in fact, the interpretation of the latter form is also quite uncertain, cf. [Gippert et al. 2008: VII-90 fn. 70]). In turn, <i>-me</i> is apparently found only in the proximal adverb <i>e-me</i> 'here' [Gippert et al. 2008: II-38, IV-15]. ", "valueset_pk": 10786, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 10786, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lVartashenUdi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 98, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 12293, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lVartashenUdi-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "\nCommon Udi notes: ", "markup_description": "\nCommon Udi notes: ", "valueset_pk": 10786, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 10786, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lVartashenUdi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 98, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "t\u02d0e {\u0442I\u0435} , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 98, "parent_pk": 7, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "udii1243", "ethnologue_code": "udi", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "VartashenUdi", "name": "Vartashen Udi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 40.9, "longitude": 47.7236}, "name": "Vartashen Udi"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [47.7236, 40.9]}, "id": "VartashenUdi"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 12273, "ipa": "to-CLASS ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lArchi-0", "name": "to-CLASS ", "description": "Chumakina et al. 2007; Kibrik et al. 1977b: 323; Kibrik et al. 1977a 2: 124; Kibrik et al. 1977a 3: 263; Kibrik 1994: 319; Mikailov 1967: 93; Dirr 1908: 29. Refers to an object far from the speaker and addressee.   \n\tAs described in [Kibrik et al. 1977a 2: 124] and [Kibrik 1994: 319], the system of Archi demonstrative attributive pronouns is ternary (excluding the vertical oriented forms): <i>ya</i>-CLASS 'this (near the speaker)' / <i>y\u02c8a-mu</i>-CLASS 'this (near the addressee)' / <i>to</i>-CLASS 'that (far from the speaker and addressee)'. Since the basic lexicon <i>per se </i>is not only anthropocentric, but eventually egocentric, we prefer to assume that the basic system is binary: <i>ya</i>-CLASS 'this' (near the speaker)' / <i>to</i>-CLASS 'that (far from the speaker and addressee)'. It should be noted that, according to [Dirr 1908: 29], these two are statistically the most frequently used demonstrative pronouns.", "markup_description": "Chumakina et al. 2007; Kibrik et al. 1977b: 323; Kibrik et al. 1977a 2: 124; Kibrik et al. 1977a 3: 263; Kibrik 1994: 319; Mikailov 1967: 93; Dirr 1908: 29. Refers to an object far from the speaker and addressee.   \n\tAs described in [Kibrik et al. 1977a 2: 124] and [Kibrik 1994: 319], the system of Archi demonstrative attributive pronouns is ternary (excluding the vertical oriented forms): <i>ya</i>-CLASS 'this (near the speaker)' / <i>y\u02c8a-mu</i>-CLASS 'this (near the addressee)' / <i>to</i>-CLASS 'that (far from the speaker and addressee)'. Since the basic lexicon <i>per se </i>is not only anthropocentric, but eventually egocentric, we prefer to assume that the basic system is binary: <i>ya</i>-CLASS 'this' (near the speaker)' / <i>to</i>-CLASS 'that (far from the speaker and addressee)'. It should be noted that, according to [Dirr 1908: 29], these two are statistically the most frequently used demonstrative pronouns.", "valueset_pk": 10787, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 10787, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lArchi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 99, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "to-CLASS ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 99, "parent_pk": 7, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "arch1244", "ethnologue_code": "aqc", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Archi", "name": "Archi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 42.3239, "longitude": 46.8267}, "name": "Archi"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [46.8267, 42.3239]}, "id": "Archi"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 12274, "ipa": "l\u00e6 ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lKrytsproper-0", "name": "l\u00e4 ", "description": "Saadiev 1994: 420. According to [Saadiev 1994: 420], the basic system of demonstrative (Saadiev's \"deictic\") attributive pronouns is binary: <i>li </i>'this' / <i>l\u00e4 </i>'that'. According to [Saadiev 1994: 420 f.], there exists another set of deictic pronouns: <i>u-</i>CLASS 'this' / <i>\u00e4-</i>CLASS 'that'. The difference between <i>li </i>/ <i>l\u00e4</i> and <i>u-</i>CLASS / <i>\u00e4-</i>CLASS is not explicated by Saadiev, but, since the pronouns of the latter set agree in class, it is likely that these are used independently, not attributively.", "markup_description": "Saadiev 1994: 420. According to [Saadiev 1994: 420], the basic system of demonstrative (Saadiev's \"deictic\") attributive pronouns is binary: <i>li </i>'this' / <i>l\u00e4 </i>'that'. According to [Saadiev 1994: 420 f.], there exists another set of deictic pronouns: <i>u-</i>CLASS 'this' / <i>\u00e4-</i>CLASS 'that'. The difference between <i>li </i>/ <i>l\u00e4</i> and <i>u-</i>CLASS / <i>\u00e4-</i>CLASS is not explicated by Saadiev, but, since the pronouns of the latter set agree in class, it is likely that these are used independently, not attributively.", "valueset_pk": 10788, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 10788, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lKrytsproper", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 100, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "l\u00e4 ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 100, "parent_pk": 7, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "kryt1240", "ethnologue_code": "kry", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Krytsproper", "name": "Kryts (proper)", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.1811, "longitude": 48.1846}, "name": "Kryts (proper)"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [48.1846, 41.1811]}, "id": "Krytsproper"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 12276, "ipa": "a=la  ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lBudukh-0", "name": "a=la {\u0430\u043b\u0430} ", "description": "Talibov 2007: 121 f.; Meylanova 1984: 18, 192.   \n\tAccording to reports in [Talibov 2007: 121 f.] and [Meylanova 1984: 192], the Budukh system of demonstrative attributive pronouns is apparently ternary: <i>ulu</i> ~ <i>olu </i>'this (near the speaker)' / <i>al-am ~ am </i>'this (near the addressee)' / <i>ala</i> 'that (far from the speaker and addressee)'. The medium member (<i>al-am ~ am </i>'this near the addressee') seems marginal, and we prefer to exclude it from the list.   \n\tKryts cognates suggest that Budukh stems <i>ulu</i> 'this' and <i>ala</i> 'that' are to be analyzed as compounds <i>u-lu</i>, <i>a-la</i>. In each case both morphemes represent meaningful elements. It should be noted, however, that in substantivized forms (i.e. modified by class-prefixes) the second morphemes can be omitted, thus <i>u-</i>CLASS ~ <i>u-lu-</i>CLASS 'this' / <i>a-</i>CLASS ~ <i>a-la-</i>CLASS 'that' [Talibov 2007: 122; Meylanova 1984: 192].  \n\tIn [Alekseev 1994: 267 f.], the demonstrative pronouns are confused: <i>ala</i> is erroneously quoted for 'this', <i>ulu</i> - for 'that'.", "markup_description": "Talibov 2007: 121 f.; Meylanova 1984: 18, 192.   \n\tAccording to reports in [Talibov 2007: 121 f.] and [Meylanova 1984: 192], the Budukh system of demonstrative attributive pronouns is apparently ternary: <i>ulu</i> ~ <i>olu </i>'this (near the speaker)' / <i>al-am ~ am </i>'this (near the addressee)' / <i>ala</i> 'that (far from the speaker and addressee)'. The medium member (<i>al-am ~ am </i>'this near the addressee') seems marginal, and we prefer to exclude it from the list.   \n\tKryts cognates suggest that Budukh stems <i>ulu</i> 'this' and <i>ala</i> 'that' are to be analyzed as compounds <i>u-lu</i>, <i>a-la</i>. In each case both morphemes represent meaningful elements. It should be noted, however, that in substantivized forms (i.e. modified by class-prefixes) the second morphemes can be omitted, thus <i>u-</i>CLASS ~ <i>u-lu-</i>CLASS 'this' / <i>a-</i>CLASS ~ <i>a-la-</i>CLASS 'that' [Talibov 2007: 122; Meylanova 1984: 192].  \n\tIn [Alekseev 1994: 267 f.], the demonstrative pronouns are confused: <i>ala</i> is erroneously quoted for 'this', <i>ulu</i> - for 'that'.", "valueset_pk": 10790, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 10790, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lBudukh", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 102, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 12294, "ipa": "a-la  ", "cognate_class": 3, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lBudukh-1", "name": "a-la {\u0430\u043b\u0430} ", "description": "Talibov 2007: 121 f.; Meylanova 1984: 18, 192.", "markup_description": "Talibov 2007: 121 f.; Meylanova 1984: 18, 192.", "valueset_pk": 10790, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 10790, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lBudukh", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 102, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "a=la {\u0430\u043b\u0430} , a-la {\u0430\u043b\u0430} ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 102, "parent_pk": 7, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "budu1248", "ethnologue_code": "bdk", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Budukh", "name": "Budukh", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.2272, "longitude": 48.3353}, "name": "Budukh"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [48.3353, 41.2272]}, "id": "Budukh"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 12280, "ipa": "ti  ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lMukhadRutul-0", "name": "ti {\u0442\u0438} ", "description": "Dirr 1912: 38; Ibragimov 1978: 81; Makhmudova 2001: 170; Alekseev 1994a: 225.   \n\tIt is not easy to understand all the nuances of the Mukhad system of demonstrative attributive pronouns, based on the aforementioned sources. Apparently the basic opposition is binary: <i>mi</i> 'this' / <i>ti</i> 'that'. Both pronouns can be additionally supplemented with the emphatic morpheme <i>he-</i>: <i>he=mi</i> / <i>he=ti</i>.   \n\tThere also exists, however, a third pronoun <i>ha</i> {\u0433\u044c\u0430} (with the variant <i>ha-d</i>, where the final element seems to be a fossilized class exponent), which is used as both the personal pronoun of the 3<sup>rd</sup> p. '(s)he, it, they' and the demonstrative attributive pronoun. The exact meaning of the demonstrative <i>ha</i> is not entirely clear. In [Alekseev 1994a: 225], <i>ha</i> is glossed as 'this, that'; in [Ibragimov 1978: 81], as 'that (distal deixis)'; on the contrary, in [Makhmudova 2001: 170] <i>ha</i> is explained as 'that (near the addressee)'. In any case, <i>ha </i>is, apparently, rarely used in the attributive meaning; according to [Dirr 1912: 38], the most frequent function of <i>ha</i> is the 3<sup>rd</sup> p. pronoun '(s)he, it, they'.\nCommon Rutul notes: ", "markup_description": "Dirr 1912: 38; Ibragimov 1978: 81; Makhmudova 2001: 170; Alekseev 1994a: 225.   \n\tIt is not easy to understand all the nuances of the Mukhad system of demonstrative attributive pronouns, based on the aforementioned sources. Apparently the basic opposition is binary: <i>mi</i> 'this' / <i>ti</i> 'that'. Both pronouns can be additionally supplemented with the emphatic morpheme <i>he-</i>: <i>he=mi</i> / <i>he=ti</i>.   \n\tThere also exists, however, a third pronoun <i>ha</i> {\u0433\u044c\u0430} (with the variant <i>ha-d</i>, where the final element seems to be a fossilized class exponent), which is used as both the personal pronoun of the 3<sup>rd</sup> p. '(s)he, it, they' and the demonstrative attributive pronoun. The exact meaning of the demonstrative <i>ha</i> is not entirely clear. In [Alekseev 1994a: 225], <i>ha</i> is glossed as 'this, that'; in [Ibragimov 1978: 81], as 'that (distal deixis)'; on the contrary, in [Makhmudova 2001: 170] <i>ha</i> is explained as 'that (near the addressee)'. In any case, <i>ha </i>is, apparently, rarely used in the attributive meaning; according to [Dirr 1912: 38], the most frequent function of <i>ha</i> is the 3<sup>rd</sup> p. pronoun '(s)he, it, they'.\nCommon Rutul notes: ", "valueset_pk": 10794, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 10794, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lMukhadRutul", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 106, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 12298, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lMukhadRutul-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "\nCommon Rutul notes: ", "markup_description": "\nCommon Rutul notes: ", "valueset_pk": 10794, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 10794, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lMukhadRutul", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 106, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "ti {\u0442\u0438} , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 106, "parent_pk": 7, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "rutu1240", "ethnologue_code": "rut", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "MukhadRutul", "name": "Mukhad Rutul", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.6187, "longitude": 47.3244}, "name": "Mukhad Rutul"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [47.3244, 41.6187]}, "id": "MukhadRutul"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 12282, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": -1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lLuchekRutul-0", "name": "N/A", "description": "Not attested.\nCommon Rutul notes: ", "markup_description": "Not attested.\nCommon Rutul notes: ", "valueset_pk": 10796, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 10796, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lLuchekRutul", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 108, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 12300, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lLuchekRutul-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "\nCommon Rutul notes: ", "markup_description": "\nCommon Rutul notes: ", "valueset_pk": 10796, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 10796, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lLuchekRutul", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 108, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "N/A, N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 108, "parent_pk": 7, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "rutu1240", "ethnologue_code": "rut", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "LuchekRutul", "name": "Luchek Rutul", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.6187, "longitude": 47.3244}, "name": "Luchek Rutul"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [47.3244, 41.6187]}, "id": "LuchekRutul"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 12283, "ipa": "ti-me ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lKoshanAghul-0", "name": "ti-me ", "description": "Suleymanov 1993: 128, 130. Binary system on the horizontal axis: <i>mi-me</i> 'this' / <i>ti-me</i> 'that'. Additional members are <i>gi-me</i> 'that (below)' and <i>li-me</i> 'that (above)'.    \n\tSimilarly in the Arsug subdialect: <i>mi-m</i> 'this' / <i>ti-m</i> 'that' / <i>gi-m</i> 'that (below)' / <i>li-m</i> 'that (above)' [Suleymanov 1993: 128, 130].    \n\tSimilarly in the Khudig subdialect: <i>me-d</i> 'this' / <i>ti-m</i> 'that' / <i>gi-m</i> 'that (below)' / <i>li-m</i> 'that (above)' [Suleymanov 1993: 128, 130; Suleymanov 2003: 132].\nCommon Aghul notes: As described in [Magometov 1970: 109 ff.; Suleymanov 1993: 128 ff.; Shaumyan 1941: 59 ff.], the basic quaternary system of demonstrative pronouns 'this' / 'that' / 'that (below)' / 'that (above)' coincides in all dialects (in the subdialects of Koshan they are supplemented with the enclitics <i>-m(e)</i> or <i>-d</i> of pronominal origin). In all the dialects these basic pronouns can be modified with the emphatic proclitic <i>ha= </i>[Suleymanov 1993: 128]. The word <i>te ~ ti</i> 'that' is also normally used as the personal pronoun of the 3<sup>rd</sup> p. 'he, she, it, they'.  \n\tIt is reported in [Suleymanov 1993: 129] that in many dialects the pronouns 'that', 'that (below)' and 'that (above)' can be modified with the iconic proclitic <i>o\u02d0= ~ ho\u02d0= ~ wo\u02d0=</i> (depending on the dialect), which expresses distal deixis, e.g., Keren <i>ho\u02d0=ti</i> 'that (far horizontally) / <i>ho\u02d0=gi</i> 'that (far below) / <i>ho\u02d0=li</i> 'that (far above). Apparently these forms are rare and marginal.", "markup_description": "Suleymanov 1993: 128, 130. Binary system on the horizontal axis: <i>mi-me</i> 'this' / <i>ti-me</i> 'that'. Additional members are <i>gi-me</i> 'that (below)' and <i>li-me</i> 'that (above)'.    \n\tSimilarly in the Arsug subdialect: <i>mi-m</i> 'this' / <i>ti-m</i> 'that' / <i>gi-m</i> 'that (below)' / <i>li-m</i> 'that (above)' [Suleymanov 1993: 128, 130].    \n\tSimilarly in the Khudig subdialect: <i>me-d</i> 'this' / <i>ti-m</i> 'that' / <i>gi-m</i> 'that (below)' / <i>li-m</i> 'that (above)' [Suleymanov 1993: 128, 130; Suleymanov 2003: 132].\nCommon Aghul notes: As described in [Magometov 1970: 109 ff.; Suleymanov 1993: 128 ff.; Shaumyan 1941: 59 ff.], the basic quaternary system of demonstrative pronouns 'this' / 'that' / 'that (below)' / 'that (above)' coincides in all dialects (in the subdialects of Koshan they are supplemented with the enclitics <i>-m(e)</i> or <i>-d</i> of pronominal origin). In all the dialects these basic pronouns can be modified with the emphatic proclitic <i>ha= </i>[Suleymanov 1993: 128]. The word <i>te ~ ti</i> 'that' is also normally used as the personal pronoun of the 3<sup>rd</sup> p. 'he, she, it, they'.  \n\tIt is reported in [Suleymanov 1993: 129] that in many dialects the pronouns 'that', 'that (below)' and 'that (above)' can be modified with the iconic proclitic <i>o\u02d0= ~ ho\u02d0= ~ wo\u02d0=</i> (depending on the dialect), which expresses distal deixis, e.g., Keren <i>ho\u02d0=ti</i> 'that (far horizontally) / <i>ho\u02d0=gi</i> 'that (far below) / <i>ho\u02d0=li</i> 'that (far above). Apparently these forms are rare and marginal.", "valueset_pk": 10797, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 10797, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lKoshanAghul", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 109, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 12301, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lKoshanAghul-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "\nCommon Aghul notes: ", "markup_description": "\nCommon Aghul notes: ", "valueset_pk": 10797, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 10797, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lKoshanAghul", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 109, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "ti-me , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 109, "parent_pk": 7, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "kosh1245", "ethnologue_code": "agx", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "KoshanAghul", "name": "Koshan Aghul", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.85, "longitude": 47.65}, "name": "Koshan Aghul"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [47.65, 41.85]}, "id": "KoshanAghul"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 12287, "ipa": "te ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lAghulproper-0", "name": "te ", "description": "Suleymanov 1993: 128; Suleymanov 2003: 153; Shaumyan 1941: 59, 61. Binary system on the horizontal axis: <i>me</i> 'this' / <i>te</i> 'that'. Additional members are <i>ge</i> 'that (below)' and <i>le</i> 'that (above)'.", "markup_description": "Suleymanov 1993: 128; Suleymanov 2003: 153; Shaumyan 1941: 59, 61. Binary system on the horizontal axis: <i>me</i> 'this' / <i>te</i> 'that'. Additional members are <i>ge</i> 'that (below)' and <i>le</i> 'that (above)'.", "valueset_pk": 10801, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 10801, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lAghulproper", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 113, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "te ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 113, "parent_pk": 7, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "aghu1253", "ethnologue_code": "agx", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Aghulproper", "name": "Aghul (proper)", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.9242, "longitude": 47.5843}, "name": "Aghul (proper)"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [47.5843, 41.9242]}, "id": "Aghulproper"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 12288, "ipa": "du-mu ", "cognate_class": 5, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lNorthernTabasaran-0", "name": "du-mu ", "description": "Magometov 1965: 178. According to Magometov's data, the Dyubek system of attributive deictic pronouns on the horizontal axis is binary: <i>mu ~ mu-mu</i> 'this' / <i>du-mu </i>'that'. Two additional \"vertical\" members are <i>\u01efu-mu</i> 'that (below)' and <i>q\u02d0u-mu</i> 'that (above)'.     \n\tIn the Khanag subdialect, the \"horizontal\" system can be more complicated, being extended with the third member <i>tu</i>. Uslar describes the Khanag \"horizontal\" system as ternary: <i>mu </i>'this (near the speaker)' / <i>du-m\u02c8u</i> 'this (near the addressee)' / <i>tu-m\u02c8u</i> 'that (far from the speaker and addressee)'. The analysis is actually not quite correct, as follows from Uslar's own remark: \"This explanation of <i>mu </i>/ <i>du-m\u02c8u</i> / <i>tu-m\u02c8u</i> is undoubtedly right, because it has been adopted from various sources. But Tabasaran speakers themselves pay little attention to such semantic nuances in the natural speech\" [Uslar 1979: 136]. Apparently Uslar implies that the opposition between <i>du-m\u02c8u</i> and <i>tu-m\u02c8u</i> is in fact desemanticized.     \n\tAccording to [Dirr 1905: 37 f.], however, the Khanag \"horizontal\" system is binary: <i>mu </i>(~ <i>mu-mu</i>) 'this' / <i>du-mu</i> (~ <i>tu-mu</i> ~ <i>du ~ tu</i>) 'that'. See Common Tabasaran notes on this controversy.     \n\tAs described in [Kibrik et al. 1977a 2: 124] and [Kibrik 1994: 319], the system of Archi demonstrative attributive pronouns on the horizontal axis (i.e., excluding the vertical oriented forms) is ternary: <i>ya</i>-CLASS 'this (near the speaker)' / <i>y\u02c8a-mu</i>-CLASS 'this (near the addressee)' / <i>to</i>-CLASS 'that (far from the speaker and addressee)'. According to [Dirr 1908: 29], <i>ya</i>-CLASS / <i>to</i>-CLASS are statistically the most frequently used demonstrative pronouns. We prefer to assume that the basic Archi system is binary: <i>ya</i>-CLASS 'this' (near the speaker)' / <i>to</i>-CLASS 'that (far from the speaker and addressee)'; in turn, the complex demonstrative <i>y\u02c8a-mu</i>-CLASS 'this (near the addressee)' looks like a recent formation, created for some specific semantic or pragmatic nuances.  \n\tTwo additional \"vertical\" members are <i>gu-d\u02c8u </i>'that (below)', <i>\u0281u-d\u02c8u </i>'that (above)' [Kibrik et al. 1977a 2: 124; Kibrik 1994: 319].\nCommon Tabasaran notes: In all the dialects the aforementioned deictic pronouns can be additionally modified with the emphatic pronominal proclitic <i>ha=</i> [Magometov 1965: 178; Zhirkov 1948: 101; Dirr 1905: 37].    \n\tIt is possible that the Proto-Tabasaran system of attributive deictic pronouns on the horizontal axis was indeed ternary, as it is described by Uslar for the Khanag subdialect: *<i>mu </i>'this (near the speaker)' / *<i>du </i>'that (near the addressee)' / *<i>tu </i>'that (far from the speaker and addressee)'. In all the dialects, the absolutive forms of the two latter members are secondarily modified with the desemanticized morpheme -<i>mu</i>, i.e. <i>du-mu</i> and <i>tu-mu</i>.    \n\tIn fact, however, the third member <i>tu</i> (or <i>tu-mu</i>) seems very rare and marginal in the described Tabasaran dialects. In [Dirr 1905: 37 ff.], the forms <i>tu</i> and <i>tu-mu </i>'that' is noted only in parentheses as a variant of <i>du(-mu)</i>; in [Magometov 1965: 176 ff.], only the emphatic form <i>ha-t-mu</i> 'exactly that' is observed; no forms with the morpheme <i>t(u)</i> are quoted in [Zhirkov 1948: 98 ff.].    \n\tThus, according to the dialectal overview in [Magometov 1965: 176 ff.], the common Tabasaran basic opposition on the horizontal axis is currently binary: <i>mu</i> 'this' / <i>du-mu</i> 'that'.", "markup_description": "Magometov 1965: 178. According to Magometov's data, the Dyubek system of attributive deictic pronouns on the horizontal axis is binary: <i>mu ~ mu-mu</i> 'this' / <i>du-mu </i>'that'. Two additional \"vertical\" members are <i>\u01efu-mu</i> 'that (below)' and <i>q\u02d0u-mu</i> 'that (above)'.     \n\tIn the Khanag subdialect, the \"horizontal\" system can be more complicated, being extended with the third member <i>tu</i>. Uslar describes the Khanag \"horizontal\" system as ternary: <i>mu </i>'this (near the speaker)' / <i>du-m\u02c8u</i> 'this (near the addressee)' / <i>tu-m\u02c8u</i> 'that (far from the speaker and addressee)'. The analysis is actually not quite correct, as follows from Uslar's own remark: \"This explanation of <i>mu </i>/ <i>du-m\u02c8u</i> / <i>tu-m\u02c8u</i> is undoubtedly right, because it has been adopted from various sources. But Tabasaran speakers themselves pay little attention to such semantic nuances in the natural speech\" [Uslar 1979: 136]. Apparently Uslar implies that the opposition between <i>du-m\u02c8u</i> and <i>tu-m\u02c8u</i> is in fact desemanticized.     \n\tAccording to [Dirr 1905: 37 f.], however, the Khanag \"horizontal\" system is binary: <i>mu </i>(~ <i>mu-mu</i>) 'this' / <i>du-mu</i> (~ <i>tu-mu</i> ~ <i>du ~ tu</i>) 'that'. See Common Tabasaran notes on this controversy.     \n\tAs described in [Kibrik et al. 1977a 2: 124] and [Kibrik 1994: 319], the system of Archi demonstrative attributive pronouns on the horizontal axis (i.e., excluding the vertical oriented forms) is ternary: <i>ya</i>-CLASS 'this (near the speaker)' / <i>y\u02c8a-mu</i>-CLASS 'this (near the addressee)' / <i>to</i>-CLASS 'that (far from the speaker and addressee)'. According to [Dirr 1908: 29], <i>ya</i>-CLASS / <i>to</i>-CLASS are statistically the most frequently used demonstrative pronouns. We prefer to assume that the basic Archi system is binary: <i>ya</i>-CLASS 'this' (near the speaker)' / <i>to</i>-CLASS 'that (far from the speaker and addressee)'; in turn, the complex demonstrative <i>y\u02c8a-mu</i>-CLASS 'this (near the addressee)' looks like a recent formation, created for some specific semantic or pragmatic nuances.  \n\tTwo additional \"vertical\" members are <i>gu-d\u02c8u </i>'that (below)', <i>\u0281u-d\u02c8u </i>'that (above)' [Kibrik et al. 1977a 2: 124; Kibrik 1994: 319].\nCommon Tabasaran notes: In all the dialects the aforementioned deictic pronouns can be additionally modified with the emphatic pronominal proclitic <i>ha=</i> [Magometov 1965: 178; Zhirkov 1948: 101; Dirr 1905: 37].    \n\tIt is possible that the Proto-Tabasaran system of attributive deictic pronouns on the horizontal axis was indeed ternary, as it is described by Uslar for the Khanag subdialect: *<i>mu </i>'this (near the speaker)' / *<i>du </i>'that (near the addressee)' / *<i>tu </i>'that (far from the speaker and addressee)'. In all the dialects, the absolutive forms of the two latter members are secondarily modified with the desemanticized morpheme -<i>mu</i>, i.e. <i>du-mu</i> and <i>tu-mu</i>.    \n\tIn fact, however, the third member <i>tu</i> (or <i>tu-mu</i>) seems very rare and marginal in the described Tabasaran dialects. In [Dirr 1905: 37 ff.], the forms <i>tu</i> and <i>tu-mu </i>'that' is noted only in parentheses as a variant of <i>du(-mu)</i>; in [Magometov 1965: 176 ff.], only the emphatic form <i>ha-t-mu</i> 'exactly that' is observed; no forms with the morpheme <i>t(u)</i> are quoted in [Zhirkov 1948: 98 ff.].    \n\tThus, according to the dialectal overview in [Magometov 1965: 176 ff.], the common Tabasaran basic opposition on the horizontal axis is currently binary: <i>mu</i> 'this' / <i>du-mu</i> 'that'.", "valueset_pk": 10802, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 10802, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lNorthernTabasaran", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 114, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 12305, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lNorthernTabasaran-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "\nCommon Tabasaran notes: ", "markup_description": "\nCommon Tabasaran notes: ", "valueset_pk": 10802, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 10802, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lNorthernTabasaran", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 114, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "du-mu , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 114, "parent_pk": 7, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "taba1259", "ethnologue_code": "tab", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "NorthernTabasaran", "name": "Northern Tabasaran", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 42.0198, "longitude": 47.8379}, "name": "Northern Tabasaran"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [47.8379, 42.0198]}, "id": "NorthernTabasaran"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 12290, "ipa": "a=t\u02bc\u02c8a ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lGyuneLezgi-0", "name": "a=t\u02bc\u02c8a ", "description": "Uslar 1896: 69, 70. According to [Uslar 1896: 69 ff.], the Gyune system of attributive deictic pronouns on the horizontal axis is binary: <i>i</i> 'this (near the speaker)' / <i>a</i> 'this (near the addressee)' / <i>a-t\u02bc\u02c8a</i> 'that (far from the speaker and addressee)'. Two additional \"vertical\" members are <i>a-\u0281\u02c8a</i> 'that (below)' and <i>wa-n\u02c8i</i> 'that (above)'.  \n\tThe Literary Lezgi system has been semantically transformed:<i> i</i> 'this' / <i>a</i> 'that' / <i>a-t\u02bc\u02c8a</i> 'yonder' / <i>a-\u0281\u02c8a</i> 'that (below)' / <i>wi-n\u02c8i</i> 'that (above)' [Alekseev & Sheykhov 1997: 46; Haspelmath 1993: 190] (somewhat differently in [Gaydarov et al. 2009: 156]). As noted in [Haspelmath 1993: 190], however, only <i>i</i> 'this' and <i>a</i> 'that' are frequent in the modern literary language, other pronouns are marginal. Thus the Literary Lezgi system is, in fact, binary.", "markup_description": "Uslar 1896: 69, 70. According to [Uslar 1896: 69 ff.], the Gyune system of attributive deictic pronouns on the horizontal axis is binary: <i>i</i> 'this (near the speaker)' / <i>a</i> 'this (near the addressee)' / <i>a-t\u02bc\u02c8a</i> 'that (far from the speaker and addressee)'. Two additional \"vertical\" members are <i>a-\u0281\u02c8a</i> 'that (below)' and <i>wa-n\u02c8i</i> 'that (above)'.  \n\tThe Literary Lezgi system has been semantically transformed:<i> i</i> 'this' / <i>a</i> 'that' / <i>a-t\u02bc\u02c8a</i> 'yonder' / <i>a-\u0281\u02c8a</i> 'that (below)' / <i>wi-n\u02c8i</i> 'that (above)' [Alekseev & Sheykhov 1997: 46; Haspelmath 1993: 190] (somewhat differently in [Gaydarov et al. 2009: 156]). As noted in [Haspelmath 1993: 190], however, only <i>i</i> 'this' and <i>a</i> 'that' are frequent in the modern literary language, other pronouns are marginal. Thus the Literary Lezgi system is, in fact, binary.", "valueset_pk": 10804, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 10804, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lGyuneLezgi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 116, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 12307, "ipa": "a-t\u02bc\u02c8a", "cognate_class": 3, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lGyuneLezgi-1", "name": "a-t\u02bc\u02c8a", "description": "", "markup_description": "", "valueset_pk": 10804, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 10804, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lGyuneLezgi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 116, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "a=t\u02bc\u02c8a , a-t\u02bc\u02c8a", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 116, "parent_pk": 7, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "lezg1247", "ethnologue_code": "lez", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "GyuneLezgi", "name": "Gyune Lezgi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.5157, "longitude": 47.8951}, "name": "Gyune Lezgi"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [47.8951, 41.5157]}, "id": "GyuneLezgi"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 14605, "ipa": "ta ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lOrbaniciChakavian-0", "name": "ta {t\u0201} ~ t\u00e2\u02d0 {t\u0203}", "description": "Kalsbeek 1998: 170. Medial demonstrative.", "markup_description": "Kalsbeek 1998: 170. Medial demonstrative.", "valueset_pk": 12845, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 12845, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lOrbaniciChakavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 120, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 14622, "ipa": "\u0254n-\u02c8i ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lOrbaniciChakavian-1", "name": "\u0254n-\u02c8i {on\u0209}", "description": "Kalsbeek 1998: 170. Distal demonstrative.", "markup_description": "Kalsbeek 1998: 170. Distal demonstrative.", "valueset_pk": 12845, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 12845, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lOrbaniciChakavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 120, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "ta {t\u0201} ~ t\u00e2\u02d0 {t\u0203}, \u0254n-\u02c8i {on\u0209}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 120, "parent_pk": 8, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "chak1265", "ethnologue_code": "hrv", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "OrbaniciChakavian", "name": "Orbanici Chakavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 47.544, "longitude": 16.626}, "name": "Orbanici Chakavian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [16.626, 47.544]}, "id": "OrbaniciChakavian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 14606, "ipa": "\u0254t-\ue5e5\u02d0x ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lOrlecChakavian-0", "name": "\u0254t-\ue5e5\u02d0x {ot\u00f5h} ~ t-\ue5e5\u02d0x {t\u00f5h}", "description": "Houtzagers 1985: 106, 313. Medial demonstrative.", "markup_description": "Houtzagers 1985: 106, 313. Medial demonstrative.", "valueset_pk": 12846, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 12846, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lOrlecChakavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 121, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 14623, "ipa": "\u0254n-\ue5e5\u02d0x ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lOrlecChakavian-1", "name": "\u0254n-\ue5e5\u02d0x {on\u00f5h} ~ n-\ue5e5\u02d0x {n\u00f5h}", "description": "Houtzagers 1985: 106, 313. Distal demonstrative.", "markup_description": "Houtzagers 1985: 106, 313. Distal demonstrative.", "valueset_pk": 12846, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 12846, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lOrlecChakavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 121, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "\u0254t-\ue5e5\u02d0x {ot\u00f5h} ~ t-\ue5e5\u02d0x {t\u00f5h}, \u0254n-\ue5e5\u02d0x {on\u00f5h} ~ n-\ue5e5\u02d0x {n\u00f5h}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 121, "parent_pk": 8, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "chak1265", "ethnologue_code": "hrv", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "OrlecChakavian", "name": "Orlec Chakavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 47.544, "longitude": 16.626}, "name": "Orlec Chakavian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [16.626, 47.544]}, "id": "OrlecChakavian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 14607, "ipa": "t\u00ee\u02d0 ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lVrgadaChakavian-0", "name": "t\u00ee\u02d0 {t\u020b}", "description": "Juri\u0161i\u0107 1973: 215. Medial demonstrative.", "markup_description": "Juri\u0161i\u0107 1973: 215. Medial demonstrative.", "valueset_pk": 12847, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 12847, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lVrgadaChakavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 122, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 14624, "ipa": "\ue5e5\u02d0n ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lVrgadaChakavian-1", "name": "\ue5e5\u02d0n {\u00f5n}", "description": "Juri\u0161i\u0107 1973: 141. Distal demonstrative.", "markup_description": "Juri\u0161i\u0107 1973: 141. Distal demonstrative.", "valueset_pk": 12847, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 12847, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lVrgadaChakavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 122, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "t\u00ee\u02d0 {t\u020b}, \ue5e5\u02d0n {\u00f5n}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 122, "parent_pk": 8, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "chak1265", "ethnologue_code": "hrv", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "VrgadaChakavian", "name": "Vrgada Chakavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 47.544, "longitude": 16.626}, "name": "Vrgada Chakavian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [16.626, 47.544]}, "id": "VrgadaChakavian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 14608, "ipa": "t\u00e2\u02d0 ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lDevinskaNovaVesChakavian-0", "name": "t\u00e2\u02d0 {t\u0203}", "description": "V\u00e1\u017en\u00fd 1927: 74, 191.", "markup_description": "V\u00e1\u017en\u00fd 1927: 74, 191.", "valueset_pk": 12848, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 12848, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lDevinskaNovaVesChakavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 123, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "t\u00e2\u02d0 {t\u0203}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 123, "parent_pk": 8, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "chak1265", "ethnologue_code": "hrv", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "DevinskaNovaVesChakavian", "name": "Devinska Nova Ves Chakavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 47.544, "longitude": 16.626}, "name": "Devinska Nova Ves Chakavian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [16.626, 47.544]}, "id": "DevinskaNovaVesChakavian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 14609, "ipa": "tej ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lBurgenlandKajkavian-0", "name": "tey {t\u0207} ~ ta\u02d0 {t\u0203}", "description": "Houtzagers 1999: 110. Medial demonstrative. The form <i>tey</i> {t\u0207} is used in Fert\u0151homok, while <i>ta\u02d0</i> {t\u0203} is widespread in Hidegs\u00e9g.", "markup_description": "Houtzagers 1999: 110. Medial demonstrative. The form <i>tey</i> {t\u0207} is used in Fert\u0151homok, while <i>ta\u02d0</i> {t\u0203} is widespread in Hidegs\u00e9g.", "valueset_pk": 12849, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 12849, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lBurgenlandKajkavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 124, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 14625, "ipa": "own ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lBurgenlandKajkavian-1", "name": "own {\u020fn}", "description": "Houtzagers 1999: 110. Distal demonstrative. More rare are such forms as <i>\u0254ni\u02d0 </i>{on\u020b} ~ <i>ni\u02d0 </i>{n\u020b} ~ <i>na\u02d0 </i>{n\u0203} (Hidegs\u00e9g) [Houtzagers 1999: 111].", "markup_description": "Houtzagers 1999: 110. Distal demonstrative. More rare are such forms as <i>\u0254ni\u02d0 </i>{on\u020b} ~ <i>ni\u02d0 </i>{n\u020b} ~ <i>na\u02d0 </i>{n\u0203} (Hidegs\u00e9g) [Houtzagers 1999: 111].", "valueset_pk": 12849, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 12849, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lBurgenlandKajkavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 124, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "tey {t\u0207} ~ ta\u02d0 {t\u0203}, own {\u020fn}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 124, "parent_pk": 8, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "burg1244", "ethnologue_code": "hrv", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "BurgenlandKajkavian", "name": "Burgenland Kajkavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 47.544, "longitude": 16.626}, "name": "Burgenland Kajkavian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [16.626, 47.544]}, "id": "BurgenlandKajkavian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 14610, "ipa": "t-\u02c8i\u02d0st-i ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lLjubljanaSlovene-0", "name": "t-\u02c8i\u02d0st-i {tisti}", "description": "Ogrinc 2014; Uhlik 2016. \nStandard Slovene: {oni}, {tisti} [Pretnar 1964: 272].", "markup_description": "Ogrinc 2014; Uhlik 2016. \nStandard Slovene: {oni}, {tisti} [Pretnar 1964: 272].", "valueset_pk": 12850, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 12850, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lLjubljanaSlovene", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 125, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "t-\u02c8i\u02d0st-i {tisti}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 125, "parent_pk": 8, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "slov1268", "ethnologue_code": "slv", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "LjubljanaSlovene", "name": "Ljubljana Slovene", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 46.2543, "longitude": 14.7766}, "name": "Ljubljana Slovene"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [14.7766, 46.2543]}, "id": "LjubljanaSlovene"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 14612, "ipa": "t\u025b\u02d0-jst ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lZatolminSlovenian-0", "name": "t\u025b\u02d0-yst {\u02c8te\u02d0jst}", "description": "\u010cujec Stres 1: 35; 2: 350. Medial demonstrative.", "markup_description": "\u010cujec Stres 1: 35; 2: 350. Medial demonstrative.", "valueset_pk": 12852, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 12852, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lZatolminSlovenian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 127, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 14627, "ipa": "an-\u00f0r\u02c8u\u02d0\u0259j ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lZatolminSlovenian-1", "name": "an-\u00f0r\u02c8u\u02d0\u0259y {an\u0111\u02c8ru\u02d0\u0259j}", "description": "\u010cujec Stres 1: 526-527. Distal demonstrative.", "markup_description": "\u010cujec Stres 1: 526-527. Distal demonstrative.", "valueset_pk": 12852, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 12852, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lZatolminSlovenian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 127, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 14629, "ipa": "ta-\u00f0r\u02c8u\u02d0\u0259j ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lZatolminSlovenian-2", "name": "ta-\u00f0r\u02c8u\u02d0\u0259y {ta \u0111\u02c8ru\u02d0\u0259j}", "description": "\u010cujec Stres 1: 526-527. Distal demonstrative.", "markup_description": "\u010cujec Stres 1: 526-527. Distal demonstrative.", "valueset_pk": 12852, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 12852, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lZatolminSlovenian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 127, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "t\u025b\u02d0-yst {\u02c8te\u02d0jst}, an-\u00f0r\u02c8u\u02d0\u0259y {an\u0111\u02c8ru\u02d0\u0259j}, ta-\u00f0r\u02c8u\u02d0\u0259y {ta \u0111\u02c8ru\u02d0\u0259j}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 127, "parent_pk": 8, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "slov1268", "ethnologue_code": "slv", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "ZatolminSlovenian", "name": "Zatolmin Slovenian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 46.2543, "longitude": 14.7766}, "name": "Zatolmin Slovenian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [14.7766, 46.2543]}, "id": "ZatolminSlovenian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 14617, "ipa": "\u0266in-t\u025bn ", "cognate_class": 4, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lPilisszantoSlovak-0", "name": "\u0266in-t\u025bn {hinten}", "description": "Gregor 1975: 124.", "markup_description": "Gregor 1975: 124.", "valueset_pk": 12857, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 12857, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lPilisszantoSlovak", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 132, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "\u0266in-t\u025bn {hinten}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 132, "parent_pk": 8, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "slov1269", "ethnologue_code": "slk", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "PilisszantoSlovak", "name": "Pilisszanto Slovak", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 48.545705, "longitude": 18.78479}, "name": "Pilisszanto Slovak"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [18.78479, 48.545705]}, "id": "PilisszantoSlovak"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 14618, "ipa": "x\u02c8aj-t\u00e6\u0303n ", "cognate_class": 4, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lWieciorkaLesserPolish-0", "name": "x\u02c8ay-t\u00e4\u0303n {\u03c7ai\u032ft\u0119n}", "description": "Kuca\u0142a 1957: 219. SidG., Fac.: {\u03c7ai\u032fty\u0307n}. Less frequent form: <i>t\u02c8am-t\u00e4\u0303n</i> {tamt\u0119n} [Kuca\u0142a 1957: 219].", "markup_description": "Kuca\u0142a 1957: 219. SidG., Fac.: {\u03c7ai\u032fty\u0307n}. Less frequent form: <i>t\u02c8am-t\u00e4\u0303n</i> {tamt\u0119n} [Kuca\u0142a 1957: 219].", "valueset_pk": 12858, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 12858, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lWieciorkaLesserPolish", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 133, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "x\u02c8ay-t\u00e4\u0303n {\u03c7ai\u032ft\u0119n}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 133, "parent_pk": 8, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "poli1260", "ethnologue_code": "pol", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "WieciorkaLesserPolish", "name": "Wieciorka Lesser Polish", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 51.8439, "longitude": 18.6255}, "name": "Wieciorka Lesser Polish"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [18.6255, 51.8439]}, "id": "WieciorkaLesserPolish"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 15289, "ipa": "\u0250n-\u02c8\u0250s ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lStandardLithuanian-0", "name": "\u0250n-\u02c8\u0250s {an\u00e0s}", "description": "Baronas II: 507; Bulygina & Sinyova 2006: 121-122. The pronoun <i>t-\u02c8\u0250s</i> {t\u00e0s} is anaphoric [Baronas II: 507; Bulygina & Sinyova 2006: 121-122].", "markup_description": "Baronas II: 507; Bulygina & Sinyova 2006: 121-122. The pronoun <i>t-\u02c8\u0250s</i> {t\u00e0s} is anaphoric [Baronas II: 507; Bulygina & Sinyova 2006: 121-122].", "valueset_pk": 13479, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 13479, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lStandardLithuanian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 136, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "\u0250n-\u02c8\u0250s {an\u00e0s}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 136, "parent_pk": 9, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "lith1251", "ethnologue_code": "lit", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "StandardLithuanian", "name": "Standard Lithuanian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 55.1429, "longitude": 23.9601}, "name": "Standard Lithuanian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [23.9601, 55.1429]}, "id": "StandardLithuanian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 15290, "ipa": "t-as ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lStandardLatvian-0", "name": "t-as {tas}", "description": "KLV 1988: 524.", "markup_description": "KLV 1988: 524.", "valueset_pk": 13480, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 13480, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lStandardLatvian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 137, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "t-as {tas}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 137, "parent_pk": 9, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "stan1325", "ethnologue_code": "lvs", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "StandardLatvian", "name": "Standard Latvian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 57.0, "longitude": 24.0}, "name": "Standard Latvian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [24.0, 57.0]}, "id": "StandardLatvian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 15428, "ipa": "aba- ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lHittiteOld-0", "name": "aba- ", "description": "HW<sup>2</sup> A: 130; HED A: 86; Kloekhorst 2008: 191; Melchert 2009. Polysemy: 'that; he, she, it'. OH+. As noted in [Hoffner & Melchert 2008: 142 ff.], the Hittite deictic system is ternary. It can be summarized as follows: <i>ka-</i> 'this' ~ <i>aba-</i> 'that (concerning the addressee)' ~ suppletive <i>asi / uni / ini / ed-</i> 'that (far or concerning the 3<sup>rd</sup> p.)'. The basic Hittite opposition is, however, binary: <i>ka-</i> 'this' ~ <i>aba-</i> 'that', because the third member (<i>asi / uni / ini / ed-</i>) is very rarely used in the available Hittite texts. \n\tVarious historical scenarios of the development of the deictic system in Anatolian languages are discussed in Melchert 2009. I suppose that the binary system is the most probable solution for Proto-Anatolian (<i>*k\u02b8a- </i>vs. <i>*aba-</i>). Hittite is the only language, for which a ternary system is attested. The third member of the Hittite system (suppletive <i>asi / uni / ini / ed-</i> 'that (far or concerning the 3<sup>rd</sup> p.)') looks like a historical compound of some deictic morpheme <i>a-</i> + pronominal endings + some deictic clitic <i>-i</i> [Hoffner & Melchert 2008: 145; Kloekhorst 2008: 191: 220]. It seems that this paradigm is an inner Hittite innovation, whose structure was clear to the Proto-Hittite speakers, but it underwent some levellings after the paradigms of the basic deictic pronouns <i>ka-</i> and <i>aba-</i>.        \n\tData of other Anatolian languages is summed up in [Melchert 2009]. The Luwian binary system etymologically coincides with the Hittite one: (C&H) <i>za-</i> 'this' ~ (H, prob. C) <i>aba</i>- 'that; he, she, it'. This fact makes the Proto-Anatolian reconstruction <i>*k\u02b8a- </i>'this' vs. <i>*aba- </i>'that' possible. In Palaic the pronoun <i>ka-</i> retains its original meaning 'this'; far deixis 'that' can be expressed by morphologically unclear <i>anni-</i>, although it is not certain; Palaic <i>aba-</i> is attested in the function 'that (anaphoric)' only. Lydian introduces <i>es/e\u0161</i> 'this' for near deixis (apparently <i>es</i> is the nominative form of the common gender, <i>e\u0161-</i> - the oblique stem), which resembles Hittite nom. <i>asi</i> 'that (far)', although if the nominative is indeed <i>es</i>, not <i>e\u0161</i>, it should go back to something like *<i>as</i>, not <i>*as-i</i>. [Melchert 2009] also proposes that Lydian <i>o\u0161</i> can mean 'that', but it is not certain. It is interesting (although typologically normal) that in Lycian <i>*aba-</i> shifted into near deixis (Lycian <i>ebe</i> 'this'); far deictic pronouns are unattested in Lycian.        \n\tAnatolian <i>*aba-</i> 'that' remains without an unequivocal IE etymology, although some monophonemic connections are possible.", "markup_description": "HW<sup>2</sup> A: 130; HED A: 86; Kloekhorst 2008: 191; Melchert 2009. Polysemy: 'that; he, she, it'. OH+. As noted in [Hoffner & Melchert 2008: 142 ff.], the Hittite deictic system is ternary. It can be summarized as follows: <i>ka-</i> 'this' ~ <i>aba-</i> 'that (concerning the addressee)' ~ suppletive <i>asi / uni / ini / ed-</i> 'that (far or concerning the 3<sup>rd</sup> p.)'. The basic Hittite opposition is, however, binary: <i>ka-</i> 'this' ~ <i>aba-</i> 'that', because the third member (<i>asi / uni / ini / ed-</i>) is very rarely used in the available Hittite texts. \n\tVarious historical scenarios of the development of the deictic system in Anatolian languages are discussed in Melchert 2009. I suppose that the binary system is the most probable solution for Proto-Anatolian (<i>*k\u02b8a- </i>vs. <i>*aba-</i>). Hittite is the only language, for which a ternary system is attested. The third member of the Hittite system (suppletive <i>asi / uni / ini / ed-</i> 'that (far or concerning the 3<sup>rd</sup> p.)') looks like a historical compound of some deictic morpheme <i>a-</i> + pronominal endings + some deictic clitic <i>-i</i> [Hoffner & Melchert 2008: 145; Kloekhorst 2008: 191: 220]. It seems that this paradigm is an inner Hittite innovation, whose structure was clear to the Proto-Hittite speakers, but it underwent some levellings after the paradigms of the basic deictic pronouns <i>ka-</i> and <i>aba-</i>.        \n\tData of other Anatolian languages is summed up in [Melchert 2009]. The Luwian binary system etymologically coincides with the Hittite one: (C&H) <i>za-</i> 'this' ~ (H, prob. C) <i>aba</i>- 'that; he, she, it'. This fact makes the Proto-Anatolian reconstruction <i>*k\u02b8a- </i>'this' vs. <i>*aba- </i>'that' possible. In Palaic the pronoun <i>ka-</i> retains its original meaning 'this'; far deixis 'that' can be expressed by morphologically unclear <i>anni-</i>, although it is not certain; Palaic <i>aba-</i> is attested in the function 'that (anaphoric)' only. Lydian introduces <i>es/e\u0161</i> 'this' for near deixis (apparently <i>es</i> is the nominative form of the common gender, <i>e\u0161-</i> - the oblique stem), which resembles Hittite nom. <i>asi</i> 'that (far)', although if the nominative is indeed <i>es</i>, not <i>e\u0161</i>, it should go back to something like *<i>as</i>, not <i>*as-i</i>. [Melchert 2009] also proposes that Lydian <i>o\u0161</i> can mean 'that', but it is not certain. It is interesting (although typologically normal) that in Lycian <i>*aba-</i> shifted into near deixis (Lycian <i>ebe</i> 'this'); far deictic pronouns are unattested in Lycian.        \n\tAnatolian <i>*aba-</i> 'that' remains without an unequivocal IE etymology, although some monophonemic connections are possible.", "valueset_pk": 13615, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 13615, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lHittiteOld", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 138, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "aba- ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 138, "parent_pk": 10, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "hitt1242", "ethnologue_code": "hit", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "HittiteOld", "name": "Hittite (Old)", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 40.0, "longitude": 35.0}, "name": "Hittite (Old)"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [35.0, 40.0]}, "id": "HittiteOld"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 15667, "ipa": "n\u032a-u-nu-du ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lYandruwandha-0", "name": "n\u032a-u-nu-du {nhunudu}", "description": "Breen 2015b: 57. Polysemy: \u2018that / he\u2019. The second candidate is <i>n\u032au\u0236adu</i>.<i> </i>The difference between <i>n\u032aunudu</i> and <i>n\u032au\u0236adu</i> remains unclear. Both pronouns as well as <i>n\u032a-u-ni-yi</i> \u2018this\u2019 (q.v.) have a complex morphological structure, probably: <i>n\u032a-u-nu-du</i>, <i>n\u032a-u-\u0236a-du</i>, <i>n\u032a-u-ni-yi</i>, but details remain unclear.", "markup_description": "Breen 2015b: 57. Polysemy: \u2018that / he\u2019. The second candidate is <i>n\u032au\u0236adu</i>.<i> </i>The difference between <i>n\u032aunudu</i> and <i>n\u032au\u0236adu</i> remains unclear. Both pronouns as well as <i>n\u032a-u-ni-yi</i> \u2018this\u2019 (q.v.) have a complex morphological structure, probably: <i>n\u032a-u-nu-du</i>, <i>n\u032a-u-\u0236a-du</i>, <i>n\u032a-u-ni-yi</i>, but details remain unclear.", "valueset_pk": 13834, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 13834, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lYandruwandha", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 140, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 15668, "ipa": "n\u032a-u-ca-du ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lYandruwandha-1", "name": "n\u032a-u-\u0236a-du {nhutjadu}", "description": "Breen 2015b: 57. Polysemy: \u2018that / he\u2019.", "markup_description": "Breen 2015b: 57. Polysemy: \u2018that / he\u2019.", "valueset_pk": 13834, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 13834, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lYandruwandha", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 140, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "n\u032a-u-nu-du {nhunudu}, n\u032a-u-\u0236a-du {nhutjadu}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 140, "parent_pk": 12, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "yand1253", "ethnologue_code": "ynd", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Yandruwandha", "name": "Yandruwandha", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -28.4744, "longitude": 140.583}, "name": "Yandruwandha"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [140.583, -28.4744]}, "id": "Yandruwandha"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 15785, "ipa": "eva ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lRotokas-0", "name": "eva {eva}", "description": "Firchow et al. 1973: 16, 350; Firchow & Firchow 2008: 9, 151. The system of demonstrative pronouns in Rotokas represents two series: proximal deixis <i>vao</i> {vao} \u2018this inanimate\u2019 / <i>o</i> {o} \u2018this female\u2019 / <i>ro</i> {ro} \u2018this male\u2019. Distal deixis <i>eva</i> {eva} \u2018that inanimate\u2019 / <i>eira</i> {eira} \u2018that female\u2019 / <i>e\u02d0ra</i> {eera} \u2018that male\u2019. See Firchow et al. 1973: 350 for the full paradigms.", "markup_description": "Firchow et al. 1973: 16, 350; Firchow & Firchow 2008: 9, 151. The system of demonstrative pronouns in Rotokas represents two series: proximal deixis <i>vao</i> {vao} \u2018this inanimate\u2019 / <i>o</i> {o} \u2018this female\u2019 / <i>ro</i> {ro} \u2018this male\u2019. Distal deixis <i>eva</i> {eva} \u2018that inanimate\u2019 / <i>eira</i> {eira} \u2018that female\u2019 / <i>e\u02d0ra</i> {eera} \u2018that male\u2019. See Firchow et al. 1973: 350 for the full paradigms.", "valueset_pk": 13943, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 13943, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cthat-lRotokas", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 141, "parameter_pk": 85, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "eva {eva}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 141, "parent_pk": 13, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "roto1249", "ethnologue_code": "roo", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Rotokas", "name": "Rotokas", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -5.94339, "longitude": 155.154}, "name": "Rotokas"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [155.154, -5.94339]}, "id": "Rotokas"}]}