{"type": "FeatureCollection", "properties": {"layer": "", "name": "not", "domain": []}, "features": [{"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 72, "ipa": "mal\u032au ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lPittaPitta-0", "name": "mal\u032au {mal\u032au}", "description": "Blake 1979: 222. Used for both negation of assertion and prohibitive, cf. the examples: \u201cThese two-people-here will not {mullo} grind bad pappa-seed\u201d (Roth 1897: 12), \u201cBad men {mullo} will not go to heaven (i.e., to the sky)\u201d (Roth 1897: 12), \u201cI didn't come here to get hit\u201d (Blake 1979: 216), \u201cDon \u2019t {mal\u032au} go there. You might get hit.\u201d Blake (1979: 222) notes that there exists another negative particle, yawu, but this one is rarely used.", "markup_description": "Blake 1979: 222. Used for both negation of assertion and prohibitive, cf. the examples: \u201cThese two-people-here will not {mullo} grind bad pappa-seed\u201d (Roth 1897: 12), \u201cBad men {mullo} will not go to heaven (i.e., to the sky)\u201d (Roth 1897: 12), \u201cI didn't come here to get hit\u201d (Blake 1979: 216), \u201cDon \u2019t {mal\u032au} go there. You might get hit.\u201d Blake (1979: 222) notes that there exists another negative particle, yawu, but this one is rarely used.", "valueset_pk": 62, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 62, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lPittaPitta", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 15, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "mal\u032au {mal\u032au}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 15, "parent_pk": 1, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "pitt1247", "ethnologue_code": "pit", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "PittaPitta", "name": "Pitta Pitta", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -22.7952, "longitude": 139.983}, "name": "Pitta Pitta"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [139.983, -22.7952]}, "id": "PittaPitta"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 419, "ipa": "wata ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lDieri-0", "name": "wata {wata}", "description": "Austin 2013: 37. Used for both negation of assertion and prohibitive, cf. the examples: \u201cThe boy didn't {wata} want to stay\u201d, \u201cDon't {wata} eat (that)!\u201d.", "markup_description": "Austin 2013: 37. Used for both negation of assertion and prohibitive, cf. the examples: \u201cThe boy didn't {wata} want to stay\u201d, \u201cDon't {wata} eat (that)!\u201d.", "valueset_pk": 392, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 392, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lDieri", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 18, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "wata {wata}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 18, "parent_pk": 3, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "dier1241", "ethnologue_code": "dif", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Dieri", "name": "Dieri", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -28.1667, "longitude": 138.0}, "name": "Dieri"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [138.0, -28.1667]}, "id": "Dieri"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 2067, "ipa": "to\u02d0- ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lHupa-0", "name": "to\u02d0- ", "description": "Sapir & Golla 2001: 752; Golla 1996a: 66; Golla 1996b: 381; Golla 1970: 291. The verbal prefix to\u02d0- is used for both indicative and prohibitive. In prohibitive, the predicate is additionally modified with the enclitic -heh 'despite, even if' [Sapir & Golla 2001: 756; Golla 1996b: 383; Golla 1970: 291].", "markup_description": "Sapir & Golla 2001: 752; Golla 1996a: 66; Golla 1996b: 381; Golla 1970: 291. The verbal prefix to\u02d0- is used for both indicative and prohibitive. In prohibitive, the predicate is additionally modified with the enclitic -heh 'despite, even if' [Sapir & Golla 2001: 756; Golla 1996b: 383; Golla 1970: 291].", "valueset_pk": 1600, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1600, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lHupa", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 19, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2086, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lHupa-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1600, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1600, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lHupa", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 19, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2105, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lHupa-2", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1600, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1600, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lHupa", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 19, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "to\u02d0- , N/A, N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 19, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "hupa1239", "ethnologue_code": "hup", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Hupa", "name": "Hupa", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.0982, "longitude": -123.68}, "name": "Hupa"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-123.68, 41.0982]}, "id": "Hupa"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 2068, "ipa": "to\u02d0- ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lMattole-0", "name": "to\u02d0- ", "description": "Li 1930: 128 sub to\u02d0\u0161x\u02c8i\u0294, 143 \"He did not kill the people\", 145 sub No. 9. Verbal prefix (or particle) to\u02d0-, expressing negation of assertion. In the prohibitive form, the verb is modified with to\u02d0- and the additional prefix \u0263i- ~ gi- [Li 1930: 34].

\tBear River dialect: not attested.", "markup_description": "Li 1930: 128 sub to\u02d0\u0161x\u02c8i\u0294, 143 \"He did not kill the people\", 145 sub No. 9. Verbal prefix (or particle) to\u02d0-, expressing negation of assertion. In the prohibitive form, the verb is modified with to\u02d0- and the additional prefix \u0263i- ~ gi- [Li 1930: 34].

\tBear River dialect: not attested.", "valueset_pk": 1601, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1601, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lMattole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 20, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2087, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lMattole-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1601, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1601, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lMattole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 20, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2106, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lMattole-2", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1601, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1601, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lMattole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 20, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "to\u02d0- , N/A, N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 20, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "matt1238", "ethnologue_code": "mvb", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Mattole", "name": "Mattole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 40.4321, "longitude": -122.863}, "name": "Mattole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-122.863, 40.4321]}, "id": "Mattole"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 2069, "ipa": "to\u02d0- ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lKato-0", "name": "to\u02d0- ", "description": "Goddard 1912: 41. The verbal prefix (or particle) to\u02d0- expresses negation of assertion. The prohibitive pattern is unclear. Cf. the verb =to\u02d0\u0294 (< *=to\u02d0-\u0294 [perf.]?) 'to be none, do not exist' [Goddard 1912: 70].", "markup_description": "Goddard 1912: 41. The verbal prefix (or particle) to\u02d0- expresses negation of assertion. The prohibitive pattern is unclear. Cf. the verb =to\u02d0\u0294 (< *=to\u02d0-\u0294 [perf.]?) 'to be none, do not exist' [Goddard 1912: 70].", "valueset_pk": 1602, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1602, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lKato", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 21, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2088, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lKato-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1602, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1602, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lKato", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 21, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2107, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lKato-2", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1602, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1602, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lKato", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 21, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "to\u02d0- , N/A, N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 21, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "kato1244", "ethnologue_code": "ktw", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Kato", "name": "Kato", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 39.7002, "longitude": -123.432}, "name": "Kato"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-123.432, 39.7002]}, "id": "Kato"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 2070, "ipa": "to\u02d0- ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lTaldashGalice-0", "name": "to\u02d0- ", "description": "Landar 1977: 294 No. 8, 295 No. 69, 85. The prohibitive exponent is not documented.", "markup_description": "Landar 1977: 294 No. 8, 295 No. 69, 85. The prohibitive exponent is not documented.", "valueset_pk": 1603, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1603, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lTaldashGalice", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 22, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2089, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lTaldashGalice-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1603, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1603, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lTaldashGalice", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 22, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2108, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lTaldashGalice-2", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1603, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1603, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lTaldashGalice", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 22, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "to\u02d0- , N/A, N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 22, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "gali1261", "ethnologue_code": "gce", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "TaldashGalice", "name": "Taldash Galice", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 45.3914, "longitude": -120.75}, "name": "Taldash Galice"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-120.75, 45.3914]}, "id": "TaldashGalice"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 2071, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": -1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lUpperInletTanaina-0", "name": "N/A", "description": "Not attested. Cf. the prohibitive, which can be expressed in one of the following ways:

\t1) the verbal enclitic -i, as in [Lovick 2005: 45 ex. 2.7, 160 ex. 4.47c].

\t2) the verbal enclitic -laki, as in [Lovick 2005: 44 ex. 2.5c, 225 ex. 6.13c].", "markup_description": "Not attested. Cf. the prohibitive, which can be expressed in one of the following ways:

\t1) the verbal enclitic -i, as in [Lovick 2005: 45 ex. 2.7, 160 ex. 4.47c].

\t2) the verbal enclitic -laki, as in [Lovick 2005: 44 ex. 2.5c, 225 ex. 6.13c].", "valueset_pk": 1604, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1604, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lUpperInletTanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 23, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2090, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lUpperInletTanaina-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1604, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1604, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lUpperInletTanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 23, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2109, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lUpperInletTanaina-2", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1604, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1604, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lUpperInletTanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 23, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "N/A, N/A, N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 23, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "tana1289", "ethnologue_code": "tfn", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "UpperInletTanaina", "name": "Upper Inlet Tanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 60.4712, "longitude": -150.759}, "name": "Upper Inlet Tanaina"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-150.759, 60.4712]}, "id": "UpperInletTanaina"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 2072, "ipa": "k\u02bcu\u0283t\u02bca ", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lOuterInletTanaina-0", "name": "k\u02bcu\u0161t\u02bca ", "description": "Boraas 2010: 86-89. According to [Boraas 2010], negation of assertion is expressed by the combination of the particle k\u02bcu\u0161t\u02bca 'not' + the verbal confix z-...-*V in imperfective, future and customary, and similarly by the particle k\u02bcu\u0161t\u02bca 'not' + the confix i-...-*V in perfective and stative imperfective. The morpheme -*V is an etymological and morphophonological unit, phonetically realized as a zero, but causing the voicing of root final fricatives (i.e., -\u026c > -l and presumably other fricatives in the old intervocalic position).

\tProhibitive (i.e., negative imperative) can be expressed in one of the three ways [Boraas 2010: 89-91]:

\t1) The particle k\u02bcu\u0161t\u02bca + the enclitic particle -tu.

\t2) The verbal enclitic -u.

\t3) The verbal enclitic -iku.", "markup_description": "Boraas 2010: 86-89. According to [Boraas 2010], negation of assertion is expressed by the combination of the particle k\u02bcu\u0161t\u02bca 'not' + the verbal confix z-...-*V in imperfective, future and customary, and similarly by the particle k\u02bcu\u0161t\u02bca 'not' + the confix i-...-*V in perfective and stative imperfective. The morpheme -*V is an etymological and morphophonological unit, phonetically realized as a zero, but causing the voicing of root final fricatives (i.e., -\u026c > -l and presumably other fricatives in the old intervocalic position).

\tProhibitive (i.e., negative imperative) can be expressed in one of the three ways [Boraas 2010: 89-91]:

\t1) The particle k\u02bcu\u0161t\u02bca + the enclitic particle -tu.

\t2) The verbal enclitic -u.

\t3) The verbal enclitic -iku.", "valueset_pk": 1605, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1605, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lOuterInletTanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 24, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2091, "ipa": "z- ", "cognate_class": 3, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lOuterInletTanaina-1", "name": "z- ", "description": "Boraas 2010: 86-89.", "markup_description": "Boraas 2010: 86-89.", "valueset_pk": 1605, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1605, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lOuterInletTanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 24, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2110, "ipa": "i-", "cognate_class": 4, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lOuterInletTanaina-2", "name": "i-", "description": "Boraas 2010: 86-89.", "markup_description": "Boraas 2010: 86-89.", "valueset_pk": 1605, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1605, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lOuterInletTanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 24, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "k\u02bcu\u0161t\u02bca , z- , i-", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 24, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "tana1289", "ethnologue_code": "tfn", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "OuterInletTanaina", "name": "Outer Inlet Tanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 60.4712, "longitude": -150.759}, "name": "Outer Inlet Tanaina"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-150.759, 60.4712]}, "id": "OuterInletTanaina"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 2073, "ipa": "n=t\u0320\u0361\u0283\u02bcu ", "cognate_class": 5, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lInlandTanaina-0", "name": "n=\u010d\u02bcu ", "description": "Tenenbaum 1978: 112-114; Holton et al. 2004: 32. According to [Tenenbaum 1978; Holton et al. 2004], verbal negation of assertion is expressed by the combination of the proclitic particle n=\u010d\u02bcu 'not' (or n=\u0294u\u0281a ~ n=lu\u0281a 'not yet') + the verbal confix z-...-*V in imperfective, future and customary, and similarly by the particle n=\u010d\u02bcu 'not' + the confix i-...-*V in perfective and stative imperfective. The morpheme -*V is an etymological and morphophonological unit, phonetically realized as a zero, but causing the voicing of root final fricatives (i.e., -\u026c > -l, x > \u0263, \uab53 > \u0281 and presumably s > z, \u0161 > \u017e in the old intervocalic position).

\tProhibitive (i.e., negative imperative) can be expressed in one of the three ways [Tenenbaum 1978: 114-115; Holton et al. 2004: 32-33]:

\t1) The proclitic particle n=\u010d\u02bca + the enclitic particle -tu.

\t2) The verbal enclitic -ilay.

\t3) The verbal enclitic -a.\nCommon Tanaina notes: The confixes z-...-V and i-...-V can be reconstructed as the Proto-Tanaina patterns for negation of assertion. It is possible that discrete negative particles have later been introduced because of the morphological obscuring of the resulting verbal forms. Both Outer Inlet k\u02bcu\u0161t\u02bca and Inland n=\u010d\u02bcu (prohibitive n=\u010d\u02bca < *n=\u010d\u02bcu-a?) are originally verbal forms, although detailed analysis of these negative copulas is unclear.

\tWe treat n=\u010d\u02bcu, k\u02bcu\u0161t\u02bca, z-, i- and *-V as main negation morphemes.

\tThe reconstruction of the Proto-Tanaina prohibitive pattern is unclear.", "markup_description": "Tenenbaum 1978: 112-114; Holton et al. 2004: 32. According to [Tenenbaum 1978; Holton et al. 2004], verbal negation of assertion is expressed by the combination of the proclitic particle n=\u010d\u02bcu 'not' (or n=\u0294u\u0281a ~ n=lu\u0281a 'not yet') + the verbal confix z-...-*V in imperfective, future and customary, and similarly by the particle n=\u010d\u02bcu 'not' + the confix i-...-*V in perfective and stative imperfective. The morpheme -*V is an etymological and morphophonological unit, phonetically realized as a zero, but causing the voicing of root final fricatives (i.e., -\u026c > -l, x > \u0263, \uab53 > \u0281 and presumably s > z, \u0161 > \u017e in the old intervocalic position).

\tProhibitive (i.e., negative imperative) can be expressed in one of the three ways [Tenenbaum 1978: 114-115; Holton et al. 2004: 32-33]:

\t1) The proclitic particle n=\u010d\u02bca + the enclitic particle -tu.

\t2) The verbal enclitic -ilay.

\t3) The verbal enclitic -a.\nCommon Tanaina notes: The confixes z-...-V and i-...-V can be reconstructed as the Proto-Tanaina patterns for negation of assertion. It is possible that discrete negative particles have later been introduced because of the morphological obscuring of the resulting verbal forms. Both Outer Inlet k\u02bcu\u0161t\u02bca and Inland n=\u010d\u02bcu (prohibitive n=\u010d\u02bca < *n=\u010d\u02bcu-a?) are originally verbal forms, although detailed analysis of these negative copulas is unclear.

\tWe treat n=\u010d\u02bcu, k\u02bcu\u0161t\u02bca, z-, i- and *-V as main negation morphemes.

\tThe reconstruction of the Proto-Tanaina prohibitive pattern is unclear.", "valueset_pk": 1606, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1606, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lInlandTanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 25, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2092, "ipa": "z- ", "cognate_class": 3, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lInlandTanaina-1", "name": "z- ", "description": "Tenenbaum 1978: 112-114; Holton et al. 2004: 32.\nCommon Tanaina notes: nan", "markup_description": "Tenenbaum 1978: 112-114; Holton et al. 2004: 32.\nCommon Tanaina notes: nan", "valueset_pk": 1606, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1606, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lInlandTanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 25, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2111, "ipa": "i-", "cognate_class": 4, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lInlandTanaina-2", "name": "i-", "description": "Tenenbaum 1978: 112-114; Holton et al. 2004: 32.\nCommon Tanaina notes: nan", "markup_description": "Tenenbaum 1978: 112-114; Holton et al. 2004: 32.\nCommon Tanaina notes: nan", "valueset_pk": 1606, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1606, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lInlandTanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 25, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "n=\u010d\u02bcu , z- , i-", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 25, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "tana1289", "ethnologue_code": "tfn", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "InlandTanaina", "name": "Inland Tanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 60.4712, "longitude": -150.759}, "name": "Inland Tanaina"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-150.759, 60.4712]}, "id": "InlandTanaina"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 2074, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": -1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lIliamnaTanaina-0", "name": "N/A", "description": "Not attested.\nCommon Tanaina notes: The confixes z-...-V and i-...-V can be reconstructed as the Proto-Tanaina patterns for negation of assertion. It is possible that discrete negative particles have later been introduced because of the morphological obscuring of the resulting verbal forms. Both Outer Inlet k\u02bcu\u0161t\u02bca and Inland n=\u010d\u02bcu (prohibitive n=\u010d\u02bca < *n=\u010d\u02bcu-a?) are originally verbal forms, although detailed analysis of these negative copulas is unclear.

\tWe treat n=\u010d\u02bcu, k\u02bcu\u0161t\u02bca, z-, i- and *-V as main negation morphemes.

\tThe reconstruction of the Proto-Tanaina prohibitive pattern is unclear.", "markup_description": "Not attested.\nCommon Tanaina notes: The confixes z-...-V and i-...-V can be reconstructed as the Proto-Tanaina patterns for negation of assertion. It is possible that discrete negative particles have later been introduced because of the morphological obscuring of the resulting verbal forms. Both Outer Inlet k\u02bcu\u0161t\u02bca and Inland n=\u010d\u02bcu (prohibitive n=\u010d\u02bca < *n=\u010d\u02bcu-a?) are originally verbal forms, although detailed analysis of these negative copulas is unclear.

\tWe treat n=\u010d\u02bcu, k\u02bcu\u0161t\u02bca, z-, i- and *-V as main negation morphemes.

\tThe reconstruction of the Proto-Tanaina prohibitive pattern is unclear.", "valueset_pk": 1607, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1607, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lIliamnaTanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 26, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2093, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lIliamnaTanaina-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan\nCommon Tanaina notes: nan", "markup_description": "nan\nCommon Tanaina notes: nan", "valueset_pk": 1607, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1607, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lIliamnaTanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 26, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2112, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lIliamnaTanaina-2", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan\nCommon Tanaina notes: nan", "markup_description": "nan\nCommon Tanaina notes: nan", "valueset_pk": 1607, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1607, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lIliamnaTanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 26, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "N/A, N/A, N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 26, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "tana1289", "ethnologue_code": "tfn", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "IliamnaTanaina", "name": "Iliamna Tanaina", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 60.4712, "longitude": -150.759}, "name": "Iliamna Tanaina"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-150.759, 60.4712]}, "id": "IliamnaTanaina"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 2075, "ipa": "=e ", "cognate_class": 6, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lCentralAhtena-0", "name": "=e ", "description": "Kari 1990: 55, 66.

\tLower Ahtena: =e [Kari 1990: 55, 66].

\tWestern Ahtena: =e [Kari 1990: 55, 66].\nCommon Ahtena notes: As can be seen in [Kari 1990: 55, 66, 276, 560], negation of assertion is expressed by the combination of the verbal suffix -e with the particles \u0294e=le\u0294 / li\u0294i / q\u02bca=li\u0294. The morphological structure of these particles is unclear, but the shared element le\u0294 / li\u0294 can be singled out. Initial q\u02bca- in the Mentasta form is the emphatic particle q\u02bca [Kari 1990: 250].

\tAdditionally, negated verbal forms contain the prefixes -s- or -i- (in [Kari 1990: 66, 276], these are explicitly called \"negative prefixes\"), but in reality both -s- and -i- are also used in some positive forms as well, see the schema in [Kari 1990: 55; Kari 1979: 42]; therefore, -s- and -i- cannot be synchronically treated as negative exponents (although see [Kari 1979: 46] for the morphophonological difference between negative -s- and modal -s- in the position immediately before the root).

\tIn all the dialects, prohibitive is expressed by the optative forms, modified with the suffix -(y)ita or -(y)k\u02b8i plus the particle nc\u02bce [Kari 1990: 68, 404]. In Mentasta, prohibitive can also be expressed by the optative forms, modified with the negative suffix -e plus the particle son\u0294o [Kari 1990: 468].", "markup_description": "Kari 1990: 55, 66.

\tLower Ahtena: =e [Kari 1990: 55, 66].

\tWestern Ahtena: =e [Kari 1990: 55, 66].\nCommon Ahtena notes: As can be seen in [Kari 1990: 55, 66, 276, 560], negation of assertion is expressed by the combination of the verbal suffix -e with the particles \u0294e=le\u0294 / li\u0294i / q\u02bca=li\u0294. The morphological structure of these particles is unclear, but the shared element le\u0294 / li\u0294 can be singled out. Initial q\u02bca- in the Mentasta form is the emphatic particle q\u02bca [Kari 1990: 250].

\tAdditionally, negated verbal forms contain the prefixes -s- or -i- (in [Kari 1990: 66, 276], these are explicitly called \"negative prefixes\"), but in reality both -s- and -i- are also used in some positive forms as well, see the schema in [Kari 1990: 55; Kari 1979: 42]; therefore, -s- and -i- cannot be synchronically treated as negative exponents (although see [Kari 1979: 46] for the morphophonological difference between negative -s- and modal -s- in the position immediately before the root).

\tIn all the dialects, prohibitive is expressed by the optative forms, modified with the suffix -(y)ita or -(y)k\u02b8i plus the particle nc\u02bce [Kari 1990: 68, 404]. In Mentasta, prohibitive can also be expressed by the optative forms, modified with the negative suffix -e plus the particle son\u0294o [Kari 1990: 468].", "valueset_pk": 1608, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1608, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lCentralAhtena", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 27, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2094, "ipa": "\u0294e=le\u0294 ", "cognate_class": 7, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lCentralAhtena-1", "name": "\u0294e=le\u0294 ", "description": "Kari 1990: 276.

\tLower Ahtena: \u0294e=le\u0294 [Kari 1990: 276].

\tWestern Ahtena: li\u0294i [Kari 1990: 276]. Instead of li\u0294i, younger speakers of the Cantwell subdialects can use the particle k\u02bc\u02b8eye\u0294 of unclear origin [Kari 1990: 126].\nCommon Ahtena notes: nan", "markup_description": "Kari 1990: 276.

\tLower Ahtena: \u0294e=le\u0294 [Kari 1990: 276].

\tWestern Ahtena: li\u0294i [Kari 1990: 276]. Instead of li\u0294i, younger speakers of the Cantwell subdialects can use the particle k\u02bc\u02b8eye\u0294 of unclear origin [Kari 1990: 126].\nCommon Ahtena notes: nan", "valueset_pk": 1608, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1608, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lCentralAhtena", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 27, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2113, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lCentralAhtena-2", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan\nCommon Ahtena notes: nan", "markup_description": "nan\nCommon Ahtena notes: nan", "valueset_pk": 1608, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1608, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lCentralAhtena", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 27, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=e , \u0294e=le\u0294 , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 27, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "ahte1237", "ethnologue_code": "aht", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "CentralAhtena", "name": "Central Ahtena", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 61.7068, "longitude": -144.889}, "name": "Central Ahtena"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-144.889, 61.7068]}, "id": "CentralAhtena"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 2076, "ipa": "=e ", "cognate_class": 6, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lMentastaAhtena-0", "name": "=e ", "description": "Kari 1990: 55, 66.\nCommon Ahtena notes: As can be seen in [Kari 1990: 55, 66, 276, 560], negation of assertion is expressed by the combination of the verbal suffix -e with the particles \u0294e=le\u0294 / li\u0294i / q\u02bca=li\u0294. The morphological structure of these particles is unclear, but the shared element le\u0294 / li\u0294 can be singled out. Initial q\u02bca- in the Mentasta form is the emphatic particle q\u02bca [Kari 1990: 250].

\tAdditionally, negated verbal forms contain the prefixes -s- or -i- (in [Kari 1990: 66, 276], these are explicitly called \"negative prefixes\"), but in reality both -s- and -i- are also used in some positive forms as well, see the schema in [Kari 1990: 55; Kari 1979: 42]; therefore, -s- and -i- cannot be synchronically treated as negative exponents (although see [Kari 1979: 46] for the morphophonological difference between negative -s- and modal -s- in the position immediately before the root).

\tIn all the dialects, prohibitive is expressed by the optative forms, modified with the suffix -(y)ita or -(y)k\u02b8i plus the particle nc\u02bce [Kari 1990: 68, 404]. In Mentasta, prohibitive can also be expressed by the optative forms, modified with the negative suffix -e plus the particle son\u0294o [Kari 1990: 468].", "markup_description": "Kari 1990: 55, 66.\nCommon Ahtena notes: As can be seen in [Kari 1990: 55, 66, 276, 560], negation of assertion is expressed by the combination of the verbal suffix -e with the particles \u0294e=le\u0294 / li\u0294i / q\u02bca=li\u0294. The morphological structure of these particles is unclear, but the shared element le\u0294 / li\u0294 can be singled out. Initial q\u02bca- in the Mentasta form is the emphatic particle q\u02bca [Kari 1990: 250].

\tAdditionally, negated verbal forms contain the prefixes -s- or -i- (in [Kari 1990: 66, 276], these are explicitly called \"negative prefixes\"), but in reality both -s- and -i- are also used in some positive forms as well, see the schema in [Kari 1990: 55; Kari 1979: 42]; therefore, -s- and -i- cannot be synchronically treated as negative exponents (although see [Kari 1979: 46] for the morphophonological difference between negative -s- and modal -s- in the position immediately before the root).

\tIn all the dialects, prohibitive is expressed by the optative forms, modified with the suffix -(y)ita or -(y)k\u02b8i plus the particle nc\u02bce [Kari 1990: 68, 404]. In Mentasta, prohibitive can also be expressed by the optative forms, modified with the negative suffix -e plus the particle son\u0294o [Kari 1990: 468].", "valueset_pk": 1609, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1609, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lMentastaAhtena", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 28, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2095, "ipa": "q\u02bca=li\u0294 ~ q\u02bca=li\u0294i ~ q\u02bca=li\u02d0 ", "cognate_class": 7, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lMentastaAhtena-1", "name": "q\u02bca=li\u0294 ~ q\u02bca=li\u0294i ~ q\u02bca=li\u02d0 ", "description": "Kari 1990: 276.\nCommon Ahtena notes: nan", "markup_description": "Kari 1990: 276.\nCommon Ahtena notes: nan", "valueset_pk": 1609, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1609, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lMentastaAhtena", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 28, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2114, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lMentastaAhtena-2", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan\nCommon Ahtena notes: nan", "markup_description": "nan\nCommon Ahtena notes: nan", "valueset_pk": 1609, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1609, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lMentastaAhtena", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 28, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=e , q\u02bca=li\u0294 ~ q\u02bca=li\u0294i ~ q\u02bca=li\u02d0 , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 28, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "ahte1237", "ethnologue_code": "aht", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "MentastaAhtena", "name": "Mentasta Ahtena", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 61.7068, "longitude": -144.889}, "name": "Mentasta Ahtena"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-144.889, 61.7068]}, "id": "MentastaAhtena"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 2077, "ipa": "=l\u00e9 ", "cognate_class": 7, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lDogrib-0", "name": "=l\u00e9 ", "description": "Saxon & Siemens 1996: 68; Marinakis et al. 2007: 131, 152, 162. Information from [Marinakis et al. 2007] and a brief analysis of [Saxon & Siemens 1996] suggest that the main exponent of both negation of assertion and prohibitive is the enclitic =l\u00e9, attached to the verb.", "markup_description": "Saxon & Siemens 1996: 68; Marinakis et al. 2007: 131, 152, 162. Information from [Marinakis et al. 2007] and a brief analysis of [Saxon & Siemens 1996] suggest that the main exponent of both negation of assertion and prohibitive is the enclitic =l\u00e9, attached to the verb.", "valueset_pk": 1610, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1610, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lDogrib", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 29, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2096, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lDogrib-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1610, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1610, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lDogrib", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 29, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2115, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lDogrib-2", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1610, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1610, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lDogrib", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 29, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=l\u00e9 , N/A, N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 29, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "dogr1252", "ethnologue_code": "dgr", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Dogrib", "name": "Dogrib", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 63.17, "longitude": -117.25}, "name": "Dogrib"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-117.25, 63.17]}, "id": "Dogrib"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 2078, "ipa": "=j\u00ed=l\u00e8 ~ =l\u00e8 ", "cognate_class": 7, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lNorthSlaveyHare-0", "name": "=y\u00ed=l\u00e8 ~ =l\u00e8 ", "description": "Rice 1989: 1101. According to [Rice 1989: 1101 ff.], the most common ways to express negation of assertion are:

\t1) the verbal enclitic =y\u00ed=l\u00e8 or simply =l\u00e8 [Rice 1989: 1101],

\t2) the particle t\u00f9 [Rice 1989: 1103].

\tThe forms (=y\u00ed)=l\u00e8 and t\u00f9 are mutually interchangeable and also frequently co-occur in the same phrase [Rice 1989: 1104].

\tProhibitive is expressed with the help of the same verbal enclitic (=y\u00ed)=l\u00e8 [Rice 1989: 1102] and/or the complex particle \u0294\u00e8ht\u00edn\u00ed [Rice 1989: 1105].", "markup_description": "Rice 1989: 1101. According to [Rice 1989: 1101 ff.], the most common ways to express negation of assertion are:

\t1) the verbal enclitic =y\u00ed=l\u00e8 or simply =l\u00e8 [Rice 1989: 1101],

\t2) the particle t\u00f9 [Rice 1989: 1103].

\tThe forms (=y\u00ed)=l\u00e8 and t\u00f9 are mutually interchangeable and also frequently co-occur in the same phrase [Rice 1989: 1104].

\tProhibitive is expressed with the help of the same verbal enclitic (=y\u00ed)=l\u00e8 [Rice 1989: 1102] and/or the complex particle \u0294\u00e8ht\u00edn\u00ed [Rice 1989: 1105].", "valueset_pk": 1611, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1611, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lNorthSlaveyHare", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 30, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2097, "ipa": "t\u00f9 ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lNorthSlaveyHare-1", "name": "t\u00f9 ", "description": "Rice 1989: 1103.", "markup_description": "Rice 1989: 1103.", "valueset_pk": 1611, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1611, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lNorthSlaveyHare", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 30, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2116, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lNorthSlaveyHare-2", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1611, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1611, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lNorthSlaveyHare", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 30, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=y\u00ed=l\u00e8 ~ =l\u00e8 , t\u00f9 , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 30, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "nort2942", "ethnologue_code": "scs", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "NorthSlaveyHare", "name": "North Slavey (Hare)", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 63.5, "longitude": -125.67}, "name": "North Slavey (Hare)"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-125.67, 63.5]}, "id": "NorthSlaveyHare"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 2079, "ipa": "k\u02bc\u00e1- ", "cognate_class": 8, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lTanacross-0", "name": "k\u02bc\u00e1- ", "description": "Arnold et al. 2009: 185, 231; Holton 2000: 270. According to [Holton 2000: 270 ff., 231 ff.], negation of assertion is expressed by the combination of the particle/proclitic k\u02bc\u00e1- 'not' + the verbal prefix =\u00ed\u02d0= + the verbal suffix *-V\u0300. The morpheme *-V\u0300 is an etymological and morphophonological unit, phonetically realized as a zero, but causing the voicing of root final consonant (i.e., -\u026c > -l, t\u1dbf > d\u1d9e and so on in the old intervocalic position). The prefix =\u00ed\u02d0= appears in active perfective and stative imperfective verbs which lack an inner subject prefix, whereas in other forms, underlying =\u00ed\u02d0= is realized as high tone of a prefix vowel. Additionally, in final phrasal position, the root vowel acquires extra-high tone - this is the only case when extra-high tone appears in Tanacross [Holton 2000: 81 ff., 271], otherwise the dropped suffix *-V\u0300 causes the standard tonal assimilation of the root vowel.

\tBesides, the verbal suffix *-V\u0300 may combine with a specific \"negative-descriptive\" prefix c\u02bc- attested at least in the verbal stem c\u02bc=...=t=nd\u00ed\u02d0g 'do not know' from =t=\u207fd\u00e9y\u0325 'to know' q.v.

\tProhibitive is formed with the particle s\u1e79\u02d0\u0294 ~ s\u1e79\u0294\u0169\u0300 [Holton 2000: 289].", "markup_description": "Arnold et al. 2009: 185, 231; Holton 2000: 270. According to [Holton 2000: 270 ff., 231 ff.], negation of assertion is expressed by the combination of the particle/proclitic k\u02bc\u00e1- 'not' + the verbal prefix =\u00ed\u02d0= + the verbal suffix *-V\u0300. The morpheme *-V\u0300 is an etymological and morphophonological unit, phonetically realized as a zero, but causing the voicing of root final consonant (i.e., -\u026c > -l, t\u1dbf > d\u1d9e and so on in the old intervocalic position). The prefix =\u00ed\u02d0= appears in active perfective and stative imperfective verbs which lack an inner subject prefix, whereas in other forms, underlying =\u00ed\u02d0= is realized as high tone of a prefix vowel. Additionally, in final phrasal position, the root vowel acquires extra-high tone - this is the only case when extra-high tone appears in Tanacross [Holton 2000: 81 ff., 271], otherwise the dropped suffix *-V\u0300 causes the standard tonal assimilation of the root vowel.

\tBesides, the verbal suffix *-V\u0300 may combine with a specific \"negative-descriptive\" prefix c\u02bc- attested at least in the verbal stem c\u02bc=...=t=nd\u00ed\u02d0g 'do not know' from =t=\u207fd\u00e9y\u0325 'to know' q.v.

\tProhibitive is formed with the particle s\u1e79\u02d0\u0294 ~ s\u1e79\u0294\u0169\u0300 [Holton 2000: 289].", "valueset_pk": 1612, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1612, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lTanacross", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 31, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2098, "ipa": "\u00ed\u02d0- ", "cognate_class": 4, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lTanacross-1", "name": "\u00ed\u02d0- ", "description": "Holton 2000: 231.", "markup_description": "Holton 2000: 231.", "valueset_pk": 1612, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1612, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lTanacross", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 31, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2117, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lTanacross-2", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1612, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1612, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lTanacross", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 31, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "k\u02bc\u00e1- , \u00ed\u02d0- , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 31, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "tana1290", "ethnologue_code": "tcb", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Tanacross", "name": "Tanacross", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 63.4046, "longitude": -143.338}, "name": "Tanacross"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-143.338, 63.4046]}, "id": "Tanacross"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 2080, "ipa": "k\u02bca- ", "cognate_class": 8, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lUpperTananaTetlin-0", "name": "k\u02bca- ", "description": "Milanowski 2009: 19, 81; Minoura 1997: 191. According to [Minoura 1997: 191-192], negation of assertion is normally expressed by the combination of the particle/proclitic k\u02bca- 'not' + the verbal prefix =i\u02d0= + the verbal suffix *-\u0259 (the latter tends to be dropped in the majority of dialects, causing change of the final consonants). [Minoura 1997] is apparently based on the Scottie Creek dialect (the tonal forms are k\u02bc\u00e0- and =\u00ec\u02d0=), but the described system should be common for the Upper Tanana varieties, because Minoura does not mention dialectal discrepancies. In [Milanowski 2009: 19, 81], the Tetlin negative particle is quoted in two variants: k\u02bca- and k\u02bca-t\u02bcey-.

\tThe aforementioned negative construction competes with the less frequently used negative construction: proclitic l\u00e0h + enclitic -\u00e0\u0294 [Minoura 1997: 191-192].

\tBesides, there exists a specific \u201cnegative-descriptive\u201d prefix c\u02bc-, attested in such verbal stems as c\u02bc=...=t=ndi\u02d0k 'do not know' from =t=n\u00e3y\u0325 \u2018to know\u2019 [Milanowski 2009: 49, 99] or c\u02bc=...=l=k\u00e3y 'to taste bad\u2019 from =l=k\u00e3y \u2018to taste good\u2019 [Milanowski 2009: 45].

\tProhibitive is formed with the particle s\u00f5\u0294 [Milanowski 2009: 22, 81].", "markup_description": "Milanowski 2009: 19, 81; Minoura 1997: 191. According to [Minoura 1997: 191-192], negation of assertion is normally expressed by the combination of the particle/proclitic k\u02bca- 'not' + the verbal prefix =i\u02d0= + the verbal suffix *-\u0259 (the latter tends to be dropped in the majority of dialects, causing change of the final consonants). [Minoura 1997] is apparently based on the Scottie Creek dialect (the tonal forms are k\u02bc\u00e0- and =\u00ec\u02d0=), but the described system should be common for the Upper Tanana varieties, because Minoura does not mention dialectal discrepancies. In [Milanowski 2009: 19, 81], the Tetlin negative particle is quoted in two variants: k\u02bca- and k\u02bca-t\u02bcey-.

\tThe aforementioned negative construction competes with the less frequently used negative construction: proclitic l\u00e0h + enclitic -\u00e0\u0294 [Minoura 1997: 191-192].

\tBesides, there exists a specific \u201cnegative-descriptive\u201d prefix c\u02bc-, attested in such verbal stems as c\u02bc=...=t=ndi\u02d0k 'do not know' from =t=n\u00e3y\u0325 \u2018to know\u2019 [Milanowski 2009: 49, 99] or c\u02bc=...=l=k\u00e3y 'to taste bad\u2019 from =l=k\u00e3y \u2018to taste good\u2019 [Milanowski 2009: 45].

\tProhibitive is formed with the particle s\u00f5\u0294 [Milanowski 2009: 22, 81].", "valueset_pk": 1613, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1613, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lUpperTananaTetlin", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 32, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2099, "ipa": "i\u02d0- ", "cognate_class": 4, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lUpperTananaTetlin-1", "name": "i\u02d0- ", "description": "Minoura 1997: 191.", "markup_description": "Minoura 1997: 191.", "valueset_pk": 1613, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1613, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lUpperTananaTetlin", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 32, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2118, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lUpperTananaTetlin-2", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1613, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1613, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lUpperTananaTetlin", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 32, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "k\u02bca- , i\u02d0- , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 32, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "uppe1437", "ethnologue_code": "tau", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "UpperTananaTetlin", "name": "Upper Tanana (Tetlin)", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 62.6867, "longitude": -141.37}, "name": "Upper Tanana (Tetlin)"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-141.37, 62.6867]}, "id": "UpperTananaTetlin"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 2081, "ipa": "=\u00e3 ", "cognate_class": 6, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lLowerTananaMinto-0", "name": "=\u00e3 ", "description": "Kari 1994: 3; Urschel 2006: 39-40. According to [Urschel 2006], negation of assertion is normally expressed by the combination of the verbal enclitic/suffix -\u00e3 (tonal: -\u00e3\u030c, sporadically denasalizes: -a) + one of the two prefixes: -\u00f0- in non-perfective (i.e., imperfective active, future, optative, progressive) forms or -i- in other forms (i.e., perfective active, perfective stative, imperfective stative).

\tAdditionally, the enclitic -\u00e3 may combine with a specific negative prefix c\u0322\u02bc- which is glossed as 'negative descriptive, pejorative' in [Kari 1994: 3, 280]. It is attested in such verbal stems as c\u0322\u02bc=...=k\u028at-\u00e3 'to be blunt, stubby, dull' from =kat / =k\u028at 'to stab, spear, poke, prick, lance OBJ with pointed instrument' [Kari 1994: 107] or c\u0322\u02bc=...=t=nik-\u00e3 'do not know (information, song, story)' from =t=nik 'to know (information, song, story)' [Kari 1994: 216], etc.

\tIt should be noted that simple -\u00e3 does not obligatorily express negation of assertion, but may occasionally mark negative dimensional adjectives such as c\u02b0\u0259\u019b\u02bc-\u00e3 'small', ti=c\u02bcak-\u00e3 'narrow', =k\u028ac-\u00e3 '(to be) short' etc.

\tProhibitive is formed with the particle \u0282u\u0294u [Kari 1994: 356].", "markup_description": "Kari 1994: 3; Urschel 2006: 39-40. According to [Urschel 2006], negation of assertion is normally expressed by the combination of the verbal enclitic/suffix -\u00e3 (tonal: -\u00e3\u030c, sporadically denasalizes: -a) + one of the two prefixes: -\u00f0- in non-perfective (i.e., imperfective active, future, optative, progressive) forms or -i- in other forms (i.e., perfective active, perfective stative, imperfective stative).

\tAdditionally, the enclitic -\u00e3 may combine with a specific negative prefix c\u0322\u02bc- which is glossed as 'negative descriptive, pejorative' in [Kari 1994: 3, 280]. It is attested in such verbal stems as c\u0322\u02bc=...=k\u028at-\u00e3 'to be blunt, stubby, dull' from =kat / =k\u028at 'to stab, spear, poke, prick, lance OBJ with pointed instrument' [Kari 1994: 107] or c\u0322\u02bc=...=t=nik-\u00e3 'do not know (information, song, story)' from =t=nik 'to know (information, song, story)' [Kari 1994: 216], etc.

\tIt should be noted that simple -\u00e3 does not obligatorily express negation of assertion, but may occasionally mark negative dimensional adjectives such as c\u02b0\u0259\u019b\u02bc-\u00e3 'small', ti=c\u02bcak-\u00e3 'narrow', =k\u028ac-\u00e3 '(to be) short' etc.

\tProhibitive is formed with the particle \u0282u\u0294u [Kari 1994: 356].", "valueset_pk": 1614, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1614, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lLowerTananaMinto", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 33, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2100, "ipa": "\u00f0- ", "cognate_class": 3, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lLowerTananaMinto-1", "name": "\u00f0- ", "description": "Kari 1994: 84; Urschel 2006: 39-40.", "markup_description": "Kari 1994: 84; Urschel 2006: 39-40.", "valueset_pk": 1614, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1614, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lLowerTananaMinto", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 33, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2119, "ipa": "i- ", "cognate_class": 4, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lLowerTananaMinto-2", "name": "i- ", "description": "Kari 1994: 4; Urschel 2006: 39-40.", "markup_description": "Kari 1994: 4; Urschel 2006: 39-40.", "valueset_pk": 1614, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1614, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lLowerTananaMinto", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 33, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=\u00e3 , \u00f0- , i- ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 33, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "lowe1425", "ethnologue_code": "taa", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "LowerTananaMinto", "name": "Lower Tanana (Minto)", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 64.8834, "longitude": -149.451}, "name": "Lower Tanana (Minto)"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-149.451, 64.8834]}, "id": "LowerTananaMinto"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 2082, "ipa": "\u026c- ", "cognate_class": 7, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lCentralCarrier-0", "name": "\u026c- ", "description": "Poser 2011b: 26.

\tThe Central Carrier system of negation has not yet been described in detail, but it can be seen from the paradigms in [Poser 2011b: 26] that verbal negation of assertion is expressed by the prefix \u026c=. Additionally, the prefix =z= is used in imperfective, future, and optative forms. In imperfective and optative, \u026c=...=z= is supplemented with the suffix -*V, an etymological and morphophonological unit, phonetically realized as zero, but causing the voicing of root final fricatives (i.e., -\u026c > -l and so on in the old intervocalic position).

\tThere is also a special participial form \u0294aw 'not' which is used for non-verb negation or for emphatic verb negation: \"if placed immediately before the verb \u0294aw is merely emphatic, and if emphasis is not desired, is omitted. However, if something other than the verb is to be brought within the scope of negation, \u0294aw is obligatory and must precede whatever is negated\" [Poser 1998/2013: 31]

\tProhibitive is expressed by the particle \u010d\u028cnih + optative [Poser 1998/2013: 207] or by the particle iloh + imperative [Poser 1998/2013: 203].", "markup_description": "Poser 2011b: 26.

\tThe Central Carrier system of negation has not yet been described in detail, but it can be seen from the paradigms in [Poser 2011b: 26] that verbal negation of assertion is expressed by the prefix \u026c=. Additionally, the prefix =z= is used in imperfective, future, and optative forms. In imperfective and optative, \u026c=...=z= is supplemented with the suffix -*V, an etymological and morphophonological unit, phonetically realized as zero, but causing the voicing of root final fricatives (i.e., -\u026c > -l and so on in the old intervocalic position).

\tThere is also a special participial form \u0294aw 'not' which is used for non-verb negation or for emphatic verb negation: \"if placed immediately before the verb \u0294aw is merely emphatic, and if emphasis is not desired, is omitted. However, if something other than the verb is to be brought within the scope of negation, \u0294aw is obligatory and must precede whatever is negated\" [Poser 1998/2013: 31]

\tProhibitive is expressed by the particle \u010d\u028cnih + optative [Poser 1998/2013: 207] or by the particle iloh + imperative [Poser 1998/2013: 203].", "valueset_pk": 1615, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1615, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lCentralCarrier", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 34, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2101, "ipa": "z- ", "cognate_class": 3, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lCentralCarrier-1", "name": "z- ", "description": "Poser 2011b: 26.", "markup_description": "Poser 2011b: 26.", "valueset_pk": 1615, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1615, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lCentralCarrier", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 34, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2120, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lCentralCarrier-2", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1615, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1615, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lCentralCarrier", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 34, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "\u026c- , z- , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 34, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "carr1249", "ethnologue_code": "crx", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "CentralCarrier", "name": "Central Carrier", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 54.3768, "longitude": -124.328}, "name": "Central Carrier"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-124.328, 54.3768]}, "id": "CentralCarrier"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 2083, "ipa": "=a\u02d0 ~ =\u0259 ", "cognate_class": 6, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lKoyukon-0", "name": "=a\u02d0 ~ =\u0259 ", "description": "Jett\u00e9 & Jones 2000: 5; Thompson 1977: 29.

\tAccording to [Thompson 1977: 29-31], negation of assertion is normally expressed by the combination of the verbal suffix -a\u02d0 + one of the two prefixes: -l\u0259- in non-perfective (i.e., imperfective and progressive) forms or -i\u02d0- in perfective. As noted in [Jett\u00e9 & Jones 2000: 5], suffixal -a\u02d0 can be reduced > -\u0259 (with -\u0259 being even more common).

\tAdditionally, the suffix -\u0259 may combine with the specific negative prefix c\u02bc\u0259- which is glossed as 'pejorative, negative, lacking' in [Jett\u00e9 & Jones 2000: 660]. It is attested in such verbal stems as c\u02bc\u0259=...=t=ni\u02d0k-\u0259 ' do not know' from =t=n\u0259y\u0325 'to know', c\u02bc\u0259=t=q\u02b0un-\u0259 'to be without a husband' from =q\u02b0un\u0294 'husband', etc. The full variant of this pejorative morpheme c\u02bco\u02d0- 'bad, evil, difficulty' is used as the incorporated root or the first element of compounds [Jett\u00e9 & Jones 2000: 672].

\tThe suffix -\u0259 alone is lexicalized in several verbs, where it emphasizes small dimensions, e.g., =kuc-\u0259 'to be small', =c\u02bca\u02d0q-\u0259 'to be narrow' [Jett\u00e9 & Jones 2000: 5].

\tProhibitive is expressed by the enclitic/suffix -yu ~ -yu\u02d0 + optative [Jett\u00e9 & Jones 2000: 719; Thompson 1977: 29].", "markup_description": "Jett\u00e9 & Jones 2000: 5; Thompson 1977: 29.

\tAccording to [Thompson 1977: 29-31], negation of assertion is normally expressed by the combination of the verbal suffix -a\u02d0 + one of the two prefixes: -l\u0259- in non-perfective (i.e., imperfective and progressive) forms or -i\u02d0- in perfective. As noted in [Jett\u00e9 & Jones 2000: 5], suffixal -a\u02d0 can be reduced > -\u0259 (with -\u0259 being even more common).

\tAdditionally, the suffix -\u0259 may combine with the specific negative prefix c\u02bc\u0259- which is glossed as 'pejorative, negative, lacking' in [Jett\u00e9 & Jones 2000: 660]. It is attested in such verbal stems as c\u02bc\u0259=...=t=ni\u02d0k-\u0259 ' do not know' from =t=n\u0259y\u0325 'to know', c\u02bc\u0259=t=q\u02b0un-\u0259 'to be without a husband' from =q\u02b0un\u0294 'husband', etc. The full variant of this pejorative morpheme c\u02bco\u02d0- 'bad, evil, difficulty' is used as the incorporated root or the first element of compounds [Jett\u00e9 & Jones 2000: 672].

\tThe suffix -\u0259 alone is lexicalized in several verbs, where it emphasizes small dimensions, e.g., =kuc-\u0259 'to be small', =c\u02bca\u02d0q-\u0259 'to be narrow' [Jett\u00e9 & Jones 2000: 5].

\tProhibitive is expressed by the enclitic/suffix -yu ~ -yu\u02d0 + optative [Jett\u00e9 & Jones 2000: 719; Thompson 1977: 29].", "valueset_pk": 1616, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1616, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lKoyukon", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 35, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2102, "ipa": "l\u0259- ", "cognate_class": 3, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lKoyukon-1", "name": "l\u0259- ", "description": "Jett\u00e9 & Jones 2000: 374; Thompson 1977: 29.", "markup_description": "Jett\u00e9 & Jones 2000: 374; Thompson 1977: 29.", "valueset_pk": 1616, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1616, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lKoyukon", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 35, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2121, "ipa": "i\u02d0- ", "cognate_class": 4, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lKoyukon-2", "name": "i\u02d0- ", "description": "Jett\u00e9 & Jones 2000: 6; Thompson 1977: 29.", "markup_description": "Jett\u00e9 & Jones 2000: 6; Thompson 1977: 29.", "valueset_pk": 1616, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1616, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lKoyukon", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 35, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=a\u02d0 ~ =\u0259 , l\u0259- , i\u02d0- ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 35, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "koyu1237", "ethnologue_code": "koy", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Koyukon", "name": "Koyukon", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 65.6093, "longitude": -154.229}, "name": "Koyukon"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-154.229, 65.6093]}, "id": "Koyukon"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 2084, "ipa": "\u00f0- ~ \u03b8- ", "cognate_class": 3, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lDegexitan-0", "name": "\u00f0- ~ \u03b8- ", "description": "Taff et al. 2007; Hargus 2000. Browsing through [Taff et al. 2007; Hargus 2000] suggests that negation of assertion is expressed by the suffix *-V, which is an etymological and morphophonological unit, phonetically realized as a zero, but causing the voicing of root final consonants (i.e., -\u026c > -l, -n\u0325 > -n, etc. in the old intervocalic position). Additionally, the prefix \u00f0- ~ -\u03b8- is also used (apparently it is restricted to non-perfective forms, just like the related -l\u0259- in Koyukon), as well as the enclitic particle c\u02bc\u0259n\u0294. Cf. non-perfective: t=a\u02d0=\u0282=o\u02d0=t\u02bc=e\u02d0-\u026c 'we will do (it)' / t=a\u02d0=\u0282=\u0259=\u03b8=t\u02bc=e\u02d0-l c\u02bc\u0259n\u0294 'we won't do (it)' [Hargus 2000: 10], nta\u02d0\u0292 t=a\u02d0=t\u02b0=o\u02d0=n\u0259\u026c 'What (nta\u02d0\u0292) will he say?' / t\u0259=t=e\u02d0=ne\u02d0l c\u02bc\u0259n\u0294 'he didn't say' [Hargus 2000: 14].

\tWe treat -\u0440-/-\u0438- and c\u02bc\u0259n\u0294 as synonyms.

\tProhibitive exponents are not documented properly.", "markup_description": "Taff et al. 2007; Hargus 2000. Browsing through [Taff et al. 2007; Hargus 2000] suggests that negation of assertion is expressed by the suffix *-V, which is an etymological and morphophonological unit, phonetically realized as a zero, but causing the voicing of root final consonants (i.e., -\u026c > -l, -n\u0325 > -n, etc. in the old intervocalic position). Additionally, the prefix \u00f0- ~ -\u03b8- is also used (apparently it is restricted to non-perfective forms, just like the related -l\u0259- in Koyukon), as well as the enclitic particle c\u02bc\u0259n\u0294. Cf. non-perfective: t=a\u02d0=\u0282=o\u02d0=t\u02bc=e\u02d0-\u026c 'we will do (it)' / t=a\u02d0=\u0282=\u0259=\u03b8=t\u02bc=e\u02d0-l c\u02bc\u0259n\u0294 'we won't do (it)' [Hargus 2000: 10], nta\u02d0\u0292 t=a\u02d0=t\u02b0=o\u02d0=n\u0259\u026c 'What (nta\u02d0\u0292) will he say?' / t\u0259=t=e\u02d0=ne\u02d0l c\u02bc\u0259n\u0294 'he didn't say' [Hargus 2000: 14].

\tWe treat -\u0440-/-\u0438- and c\u02bc\u0259n\u0294 as synonyms.

\tProhibitive exponents are not documented properly.", "valueset_pk": 1617, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1617, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lDegexitan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 36, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2103, "ipa": "t\u0361s\u02bc\u0259n\u0294 ", "cognate_class": 9, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lDegexitan-1", "name": "c\u02bc\u0259n\u0294 ", "description": "Taff et al. 2007; Hargus 2000.", "markup_description": "Taff et al. 2007; Hargus 2000.", "valueset_pk": 1617, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1617, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lDegexitan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 36, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2122, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lDegexitan-2", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1617, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1617, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lDegexitan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 36, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "\u00f0- ~ \u03b8- , c\u02bc\u0259n\u0294 , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 36, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "dege1248", "ethnologue_code": "ing", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Degexitan", "name": "Degexit'an", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 62.0697, "longitude": -160.044}, "name": "Degexit'an"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-160.044, 62.0697]}, "id": "Degexitan"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 2085, "ipa": "t\u00fa ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lSarsi-0", "name": "t\u00fa ", "description": "Cook 1984: 51. Glossed as 'not' by Cook. Browsing through the texts in [Goddard 1915] suggests that the verbal proclitic t\u00fa is the most common way to express negation of assertion.

\tAnother negative exponent is the verbal prefix/proclitic c\u02bc\u00e0, attested in some examples [Cook 1984: 182].

\tThere is also a particle c\u02b0\u00e1, glossed as 'no' in [Cook 1984: 51] (with the example: \"It wasn't water\").

\tProhibitive is expressed by -\u026c in the suffix chain -\u00ec-k\u00f9-\u026c, where -k\u00f9 is the optative exponent [Cook 1984: 37].", "markup_description": "Cook 1984: 51. Glossed as 'not' by Cook. Browsing through the texts in [Goddard 1915] suggests that the verbal proclitic t\u00fa is the most common way to express negation of assertion.

\tAnother negative exponent is the verbal prefix/proclitic c\u02bc\u00e0, attested in some examples [Cook 1984: 182].

\tThere is also a particle c\u02b0\u00e1, glossed as 'no' in [Cook 1984: 51] (with the example: \"It wasn't water\").

\tProhibitive is expressed by -\u026c in the suffix chain -\u00ec-k\u00f9-\u026c, where -k\u00f9 is the optative exponent [Cook 1984: 37].", "valueset_pk": 1618, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1618, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lSarsi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 37, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2104, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lSarsi-1", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1618, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1618, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lSarsi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 37, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 2123, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lSarsi-2", "name": "N/A", "description": "nan", "markup_description": "nan", "valueset_pk": 1618, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 1618, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lSarsi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 37, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "t\u00fa , N/A, N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 37, "parent_pk": 4, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "sars1236", "ethnologue_code": "srs", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Sarsi", "name": "Sarsi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 50.8822, "longitude": -114.301}, "name": "Sarsi"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-114.301, 50.8822]}, "id": "Sarsi"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 7046, "ipa": "nu ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lMeglenoRomanian-0", "name": "nu {nu}", "description": "Capidan 1935: 208. Used in the prohibitive function as well, for example, {s-nu i\u032fe\u0219 pri go\u0142 buric} \"don't go out with an empty stomach\" [Capidan 1928: 181].", "markup_description": "Capidan 1935: 208. Used in the prohibitive function as well, for example, {s-nu i\u032fe\u0219 pri go\u0142 buric} \"don't go out with an empty stomach\" [Capidan 1928: 181].", "valueset_pk": 6071, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 6071, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lMeglenoRomanian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 40, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "nu {nu}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 40, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "megl1237", "ethnologue_code": "ruq", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "MeglenoRomanian", "name": "Megleno Romanian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.1174, "longitude": 22.3782}, "name": "Megleno Romanian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [22.3782, 41.1174]}, "id": "MeglenoRomanian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 7047, "ipa": "nu ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lIstroRomanian-0", "name": "nu {n\u00fa}", "description": "Kova\u010dec 2010; Byhan 1899: 289-290. A proclitic, used in the prohibitive function as well, for example: {n\u00fa m\u0119\u0301re!}\u00a0/\u00a0{n\u00fa i\u032f\u00ed!} \"do not go!\" [Kova\u010dec 2010].", "markup_description": "Kova\u010dec 2010; Byhan 1899: 289-290. A proclitic, used in the prohibitive function as well, for example: {n\u00fa m\u0119\u0301re!}\u00a0/\u00a0{n\u00fa i\u032f\u00ed!} \"do not go!\" [Kova\u010dec 2010].", "valueset_pk": 6072, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 6072, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lIstroRomanian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 41, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "nu {n\u00fa}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 41, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "istr1245", "ethnologue_code": "ruo", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "IstroRomanian", "name": "Istro Romanian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 45.433, "longitude": 14.2}, "name": "Istro Romanian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [14.2, 45.433]}, "id": "IstroRomanian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 7048, "ipa": "nu ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lAromanian-0", "name": "nu {nu}", "description": "Papahagi 1963: 787; Cunia 2010: 762; Dalametra 1906: 150; Bara et al. 2005: 208.", "markup_description": "Papahagi 1963: 787; Cunia 2010: 762; Dalametra 1906: 150; Bara et al. 2005: 208.", "valueset_pk": 6073, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 6073, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lAromanian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 42, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "nu {nu}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 42, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "arom1237", "ethnologue_code": "rup", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Aromanian", "name": "Aromanian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 40.616, "longitude": 21.2}, "name": "Aromanian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [21.2, 40.616]}, "id": "Aromanian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 7049, "ipa": "nu ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lRomanian-0", "name": "nu {nu}", "description": "DER 2004: 645; Bolocan et al. 1985: 721-722; Gancz 2015. A proclitic, used in the prohibitive function as well, for example:\u00a0{Nu r\u00e2de!} \"Don't laugh!\" [Lukht & Narumov 2001: 608]. Moldavian: nu {nu} 'not' [Podiko 1973: 435; Borsh & Zaporozhan 1990: 220].", "markup_description": "DER 2004: 645; Bolocan et al. 1985: 721-722; Gancz 2015. A proclitic, used in the prohibitive function as well, for example:\u00a0{Nu r\u00e2de!} \"Don't laugh!\" [Lukht & Narumov 2001: 608]. Moldavian: nu {nu} 'not' [Podiko 1973: 435; Borsh & Zaporozhan 1990: 220].", "valueset_pk": 6074, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 6074, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lRomanian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 43, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "nu {nu}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 43, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "roma1327", "ethnologue_code": "ron", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Romanian", "name": "Romanian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 46.3913, "longitude": 24.2256}, "name": "Romanian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [24.2256, 46.3913]}, "id": "Romanian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 7050, "ipa": "no\u014b ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lDalmatian-0", "name": "no\u014b {no\u1e45} ~ no {no}", "description": "Repina & Narumov 2001: 691. Numerous attestations. A proclitic, used in the prohibitive function as well, for example: {ire are ku\u0361\u1ecdr mi b\u00fan no me ab\u00e0ndun\u00fare} \"Ire Are, my heart, do not abandon me\" [Bartoli 2002: 231].", "markup_description": "Repina & Narumov 2001: 691. Numerous attestations. A proclitic, used in the prohibitive function as well, for example: {ire are ku\u0361\u1ecdr mi b\u00fan no me ab\u00e0ndun\u00fare} \"Ire Are, my heart, do not abandon me\" [Bartoli 2002: 231].", "valueset_pk": 6075, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 6075, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lDalmatian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 44, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "no\u014b {no\u1e45} ~ no {no}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 44, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "dalm1243", "ethnologue_code": "dlm", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Dalmatian", "name": "Dalmatian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 42.7095, "longitude": 18.0238}, "name": "Dalmatian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [18.0238, 42.7095]}, "id": "Dalmatian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 7051, "ipa": "n\u0254 ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lFriulian-0", "name": "n\u0254 {no}", "description": "Decorte 2015; Virili 2015; Pirona 1871: 271. Used also in a prohibitive function: {No st\u00e2 l\u00e2} \"Do not go!\" [Decorte 2015; Virili 2015].", "markup_description": "Decorte 2015; Virili 2015; Pirona 1871: 271. Used also in a prohibitive function: {No st\u00e2 l\u00e2} \"Do not go!\" [Decorte 2015; Virili 2015].", "valueset_pk": 6076, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 6076, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lFriulian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 45, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "n\u0254 {no}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 45, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "friu1240", "ethnologue_code": "fur", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Friulian", "name": "Friulian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 46.1473, "longitude": 13.0493}, "name": "Friulian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [13.0493, 46.1473]}, "id": "Friulian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 7058, "ipa": "n\u025b\u014b ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lLanzoTorinesePiemontese-0", "name": "n\u025b\u014b {nen}", "description": "Gisolo 2015; Brero 1976: 214. Used also in the prohibitive function, cf. {Va nen!} \"Don't go!\" [Gisolo 2015].", "markup_description": "Gisolo 2015; Brero 1976: 214. Used also in the prohibitive function, cf. {Va nen!} \"Don't go!\" [Gisolo 2015].", "valueset_pk": 6083, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 6083, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lLanzoTorinesePiemontese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 52, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "n\u025b\u014b {nen}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 52, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "piem1238", "ethnologue_code": "pms", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "LanzoTorinesePiemontese", "name": "Lanzo Torinese Piemontese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 45.4633, "longitude": 8.32366}, "name": "Lanzo Torinese Piemontese"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [8.32366, 45.4633]}, "id": "LanzoTorinesePiemontese"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 7059, "ipa": "n\u025b\u014b ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lBarbaniaPiemontese-0", "name": "n\u025b\u014b {nen}", "description": "Fiandro 2015; Brero 1976: 214. Apart from this term, there is also a negative particle pa {p\u00e0}, which seems to be of French origin. According to [Fiandro 2015], they are synonyms, cf. {i capisso p\u00e0} 'I don't understand' and {i capisso nen} 'I don't understand'.", "markup_description": "Fiandro 2015; Brero 1976: 214. Apart from this term, there is also a negative particle pa {p\u00e0}, which seems to be of French origin. According to [Fiandro 2015], they are synonyms, cf. {i capisso p\u00e0} 'I don't understand' and {i capisso nen} 'I don't understand'.", "valueset_pk": 6084, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 6084, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lBarbaniaPiemontese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 53, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 7102, "ipa": "pa ", "cognate_class": -1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lBarbaniaPiemontese-1", "name": "pa {p\u00e0}", "description": "Fiandro 2015; Brero 1976: 214. Used also in the prohibitive function, cf. {Va pa!} \"Don't go!\" [Fiandro 2015].", "markup_description": "Fiandro 2015; Brero 1976: 214. Used also in the prohibitive function, cf. {Va pa!} \"Don't go!\" [Fiandro 2015].", "valueset_pk": 6084, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 6084, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lBarbaniaPiemontese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 53, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "n\u025b\u014b {nen}, pa {p\u00e0}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 53, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "piem1238", "ethnologue_code": "pms", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "BarbaniaPiemontese", "name": "Barbania Piemontese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 45.4633, "longitude": 8.32366}, "name": "Barbania Piemontese"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [8.32366, 45.4633]}, "id": "BarbaniaPiemontese"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 7060, "ipa": "n\u025b\u014b ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lCarmagnolaPiemontese-0", "name": "n\u025b\u014b {nen}", "description": "Sanero 2015. Apart from this term, there is also a negative particle pa {pa}, which seems to be of French origin. According to [Sanero 2015], they are synonyms.", "markup_description": "Sanero 2015. Apart from this term, there is also a negative particle pa {pa}, which seems to be of French origin. According to [Sanero 2015], they are synonyms.", "valueset_pk": 6085, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 6085, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lCarmagnolaPiemontese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 54, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 7103, "ipa": "pa ", "cognate_class": -1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lCarmagnolaPiemontese-1", "name": "pa {pa}", "description": "Sanero 2015. Used also in prohibitive function, cf. {Va pa!} \"Don't go!\" [Sanero 2015].", "markup_description": "Sanero 2015. Used also in prohibitive function, cf. {Va pa!} \"Don't go!\" [Sanero 2015].", "valueset_pk": 6085, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 6085, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lCarmagnolaPiemontese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 54, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "n\u025b\u014b {nen}, pa {pa}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 54, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "piem1238", "ethnologue_code": "pms", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "CarmagnolaPiemontese", "name": "Carmagnola Piemontese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 45.4633, "longitude": 8.32366}, "name": "Carmagnola Piemontese"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [8.32366, 45.4633]}, "id": "CarmagnolaPiemontese"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 7062, "ipa": "ne\u02d0\u014b", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lVercellesePiemontese-0", "name": "ne\u02d0\u014b", "description": "Noris 2015. Used also in the prohibitive function, cf. va n\u02c8e\u02d0\u014b \"Don't go!\".", "markup_description": "Noris 2015. Used also in the prohibitive function, cf. va n\u02c8e\u02d0\u014b \"Don't go!\".", "valueset_pk": 6087, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 6087, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lVercellesePiemontese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 56, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "ne\u02d0\u014b", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 56, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "piem1238", "ethnologue_code": "pms", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "VercellesePiemontese", "name": "Vercellese Piemontese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 45.4633, "longitude": 8.32366}, "name": "Vercellese Piemontese"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [8.32366, 45.4633]}, "id": "VercellesePiemontese"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 7064, "ipa": "m\u02c8i\u0272a ", "cognate_class": 3, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lPlesioLombard-0", "name": "m\u02c8i\u0272a {migna}", "description": "Selva 2015. Also used in the prohibitive function, cf. {V\u00e0 migna via!} \"Don't go!\" [Selva 2015].", "markup_description": "Selva 2015. Also used in the prohibitive function, cf. {V\u00e0 migna via!} \"Don't go!\" [Selva 2015].", "valueset_pk": 6089, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 6089, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lPlesioLombard", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 58, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "m\u02c8i\u0272a {migna}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 58, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "lomb1257", "ethnologue_code": "lmo", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "PlesioLombard", "name": "Plesio Lombard", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 45.8817, "longitude": 9.39509}, "name": "Plesio Lombard"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [9.39509, 45.8817]}, "id": "PlesioLombard"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 7065, "ipa": "n ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lRavennateRomagnol-0", "name": "n {n'}", "description": "Ercolani 1960: 275. Marchigiano: en {en} 'not' [Pucci 2015].", "markup_description": "Ercolani 1960: 275. Marchigiano: en {en} 'not' [Pucci 2015].", "valueset_pk": 6090, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 6090, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lRavennateRomagnol", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 59, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "n {n'}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 59, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "roma1328", "ethnologue_code": "rgn", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "RavennateRomagnol", "name": "Ravennate Romagnol", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 44.2349, "longitude": 11.7189}, "name": "Ravennate Romagnol"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [11.7189, 44.2349]}, "id": "RavennateRomagnol"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 7066, "ipa": "br\u02c8iza ", "cognate_class": 4, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lFerrareseEmiliano-0", "name": "br\u02c8iza {br\u00ecsa}", "description": "Piacentini 2015. Used in the prohibitive function as well: {St\u00e0 brisa and\u00e0r!} \"Don't go\" [Piacentini 2015].", "markup_description": "Piacentini 2015. Used in the prohibitive function as well: {St\u00e0 brisa and\u00e0r!} \"Don't go\" [Piacentini 2015].", "valueset_pk": 6091, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 6091, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lFerrareseEmiliano", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 60, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "br\u02c8iza {br\u00ecsa}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 60, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "emil1241", "ethnologue_code": "eml", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "FerrareseEmiliano", "name": "Ferrarese Emiliano", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 44.3536, "longitude": 11.5794}, "name": "Ferrarese Emiliano"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [11.5794, 44.3536]}, "id": "FerrareseEmiliano"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 7067, "ipa": "n\u0254-m\u02c8ia ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lCarpigianoEmiliano-0", "name": "n\u0254-m\u02c8ia {no...mia}", "description": "Sacchi 2015. Discontinuous particle. Used in the prohibitive function as well: {Ann'and\u00e8r mia v\u00eca!} \"Don't go\". Distinct from the obsolete term br\u02c8iza {bri\u015ba} 'not' [Sacchi 2015].", "markup_description": "Sacchi 2015. Discontinuous particle. Used in the prohibitive function as well: {Ann'and\u00e8r mia v\u00eca!} \"Don't go\". Distinct from the obsolete term br\u02c8iza {bri\u015ba} 'not' [Sacchi 2015].", "valueset_pk": 6092, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 6092, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lCarpigianoEmiliano", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 61, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 7105, "ipa": "n\u0254=m\u02c8ia ", "cognate_class": 4, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lCarpigianoEmiliano-1", "name": "n\u0254=m\u02c8ia {no...mia}", "description": "Sacchi 2015.", "markup_description": "Sacchi 2015.", "valueset_pk": 6092, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 6092, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lCarpigianoEmiliano", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 61, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "n\u0254-m\u02c8ia {no...mia}, n\u0254=m\u02c8ia {no...mia}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 61, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "emil1241", "ethnologue_code": "eml", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "CarpigianoEmiliano", "name": "Carpigiano Emiliano", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 44.3536, "longitude": 11.5794}, "name": "Carpigiano Emiliano"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [11.5794, 44.3536]}, "id": "CarpigianoEmiliano"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 7068, "ipa": "m\u02c8ia ", "cognate_class": 3, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lReggianoEmiliano-0", "name": "m\u02c8ia {mia}", "description": "Chertein 2015. Used in the prohibitive function as well: {And\u00ear mia!} \"Don't go\" [Chertein 2015].", "markup_description": "Chertein 2015. Used in the prohibitive function as well: {And\u00ear mia!} \"Don't go\" [Chertein 2015].", "valueset_pk": 6093, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 6093, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lReggianoEmiliano", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 62, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "m\u02c8ia {mia}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 62, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "emil1241", "ethnologue_code": "eml", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "ReggianoEmiliano", "name": "Reggiano Emiliano", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 44.3536, "longitude": 11.5794}, "name": "Reggiano Emiliano"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [11.5794, 44.3536]}, "id": "ReggianoEmiliano"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 7069, "ipa": "nu", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lRapalloLigurian-0", "name": "nu", "description": "Fasce 2015. Used in the prohibitive function as well, cf. nu an\u02d0-\u02c8a \"don't go!\" [Fasce 2015].", "markup_description": "Fasce 2015. Used in the prohibitive function as well, cf. nu an\u02d0-\u02c8a \"don't go!\" [Fasce 2015].", "valueset_pk": 6094, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 6094, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lRapalloLigurian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 63, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "nu", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 63, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "ligu1248", "ethnologue_code": "l\u0133", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "RapalloLigurian", "name": "Rapallo Ligurian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 44.0816, "longitude": 7.90522}, "name": "Rapallo Ligurian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [7.90522, 44.0816]}, "id": "RapalloLigurian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 7071, "ipa": "n\u025b ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lStellaLigurian-0", "name": "n\u025b {n\u00e8} ~ nu {n\u00f9}", "description": "Piccone 2015. Used in the prohibitive function as well, cf. {n\u00e9 st\u00e8 \u0101 'nd\u00e8} \"don't go!\" [Piccone 2015].", "markup_description": "Piccone 2015. Used in the prohibitive function as well, cf. {n\u00e9 st\u00e8 \u0101 'nd\u00e8} \"don't go!\" [Piccone 2015].", "valueset_pk": 6096, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 6096, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lStellaLigurian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 65, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "n\u025b {n\u00e8} ~ nu {n\u00f9}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 65, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "ligu1248", "ethnologue_code": "l\u0133", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "StellaLigurian", "name": "Stella Ligurian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 44.0816, "longitude": 7.90522}, "name": "Stella Ligurian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [7.90522, 44.0816]}, "id": "StellaLigurian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 7072, "ipa": "no ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lVeniceVenetian-0", "name": "no {no}", "description": "Tosi 2015; Gasparini 2015. Tre 2015; Melon 2015; Busato 2015; Poletto 2015; Cortiana 2015; Ricchieri 2015; Clementi 2015; Pezzin 2015. Arzignano, Verona: no\u014b {non} 'not' [Serena 2015; Zanetti 2015]. Used in the prohibitive function as well, cf. {No sta ndar!} [Tosi 2015; Busato 2015; Ricchieri 2015] ~ {No sta and\u00e0r!} [Gasparini 2015; Melon 2015] ~ {No sta ndare!} [Tre 2015; Pezzin 2015] ~ {No ndar!} [Poletto 2015] ~ {Non'dare!} [Cortiana 2015] ~ {No st\u00e0 nar!} [Clementi 2015] ~ {Non sta nare!} [Serena 2015] \"Don't go!\".", "markup_description": "Tosi 2015; Gasparini 2015. Tre 2015; Melon 2015; Busato 2015; Poletto 2015; Cortiana 2015; Ricchieri 2015; Clementi 2015; Pezzin 2015. Arzignano, Verona: no\u014b {non} 'not' [Serena 2015; Zanetti 2015]. Used in the prohibitive function as well, cf. {No sta ndar!} [Tosi 2015; Busato 2015; Ricchieri 2015] ~ {No sta and\u00e0r!} [Gasparini 2015; Melon 2015] ~ {No sta ndare!} [Tre 2015; Pezzin 2015] ~ {No ndar!} [Poletto 2015] ~ {Non'dare!} [Cortiana 2015] ~ {No st\u00e0 nar!} [Clementi 2015] ~ {Non sta nare!} [Serena 2015] \"Don't go!\".", "valueset_pk": 6097, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 6097, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lVeniceVenetian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 66, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "no {no}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 66, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "vene1258", "ethnologue_code": "vec", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "VeniceVenetian", "name": "Venice Venetian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 45.503581, "longitude": 12.214167}, "name": "Venice Venetian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [12.214167, 45.503581]}, "id": "VeniceVenetian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 7073, "ipa": "no ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lPrimieroVenetian-0", "name": "no {no}", "description": "Gaio 2015. Used in the prohibitive function as well, cf. {No sta ndar!} \"Don't go!\" [Gaio 2015].", "markup_description": "Gaio 2015. Used in the prohibitive function as well, cf. {No sta ndar!} \"Don't go!\" [Gaio 2015].", "valueset_pk": 6098, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 6098, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lPrimieroVenetian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 67, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "no {no}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 67, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "vene1258", "ethnologue_code": "vec", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "PrimieroVenetian", "name": "Primiero Venetian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 45.503581, "longitude": 12.214167}, "name": "Primiero Venetian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [12.214167, 45.503581]}, "id": "PrimieroVenetian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 7074, "ipa": "no ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lBelluneseVenetian-0", "name": "no {no}", "description": "Caneve 2015 . Used in the prohibitive function as well, cf. {No sta andar!} \"Don't go!\" [Caneve].", "markup_description": "Caneve 2015 . Used in the prohibitive function as well, cf. {No sta andar!} \"Don't go!\" [Caneve].", "valueset_pk": 6099, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 6099, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lBelluneseVenetian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 68, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "no {no}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 68, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "vene1258", "ethnologue_code": "vec", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "BelluneseVenetian", "name": "Bellunese Venetian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 45.503581, "longitude": 12.214167}, "name": "Bellunese Venetian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [12.214167, 45.503581]}, "id": "BelluneseVenetian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 7076, "ipa": "non ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lStandardItalian-0", "name": "non {non}", "description": "Passerini Tosi 1989: 2007; Chelysheva & Cherdantseva 2001: 86. Used also in the prohibitive function: {non parlare!} \"don't talk!\" [Chelysheva & Cherdantseva 2001: 81].", "markup_description": "Passerini Tosi 1989: 2007; Chelysheva & Cherdantseva 2001: 86. Used also in the prohibitive function: {non parlare!} \"don't talk!\" [Chelysheva & Cherdantseva 2001: 81].", "valueset_pk": 6101, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 6101, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lStandardItalian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 70, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "non {non}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 70, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "ital1282", "ethnologue_code": "ita", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "StandardItalian", "name": "Standard Italian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 43.0464, "longitude": 12.6489}, "name": "Standard Italian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [12.6489, 43.0464]}, "id": "StandardItalian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 7077, "ipa": "un ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lGrossetoItalian-0", "name": "un {un}", "description": "Marcelli 2015. Used also in the prohibitive function: {Un and\u00e0} \"Don't go!\" [Marcelli 2015].", "markup_description": "Marcelli 2015. Used also in the prohibitive function: {Un and\u00e0} \"Don't go!\" [Marcelli 2015].", "valueset_pk": 6102, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 6102, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lGrossetoItalian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 71, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "un {un}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 71, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "ital1282", "ethnologue_code": "ita", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "GrossetoItalian", "name": "Grosseto Italian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 43.0464, "longitude": 12.6489}, "name": "Grosseto Italian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [12.6489, 43.0464]}, "id": "GrossetoItalian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 7078, "ipa": "non ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lFolignoItalian-0", "name": "non {non}", "description": "Monti Barnocchi-Moscati 2016. Used in the prohibitive function as well: {Non ann\u00e0!} \"Don't go!\" [Monti Barnocchi-Moscati 2016].", "markup_description": "Monti Barnocchi-Moscati 2016. Used in the prohibitive function as well: {Non ann\u00e0!} \"Don't go!\" [Monti Barnocchi-Moscati 2016].", "valueset_pk": 6103, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 6103, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lFolignoItalian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 72, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "non {non}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 72, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "ital1282", "ethnologue_code": "ita", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "FolignoItalian", "name": "Foligno Italian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 43.0464, "longitude": 12.6489}, "name": "Foligno Italian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [12.6489, 43.0464]}, "id": "FolignoItalian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 7079, "ipa": "nun ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lNeapolitan-0", "name": "nun {nun}", "description": "Esposito 2015; Russo 2015; Matarazzo 2015; Cirillo 2015; Nagar 2015; Mancusi 2015; Musella 2015; Fattoruso 2015; Cerrone 2015. Used in the prohibitive function as well, cf. {Nunn \u00ec!} ~ {Nun te ne \u00ec!} ~ {Nun te n'j\u00ec!} ~ {Nun te ne j\u00ec!} \"Don't go!\" [Esposito 2015; Russo 2015; Cirillo 2015; Nagar 2015; Mancusi 2015; Musella 2015; Fattoruso 2015; Cerrone 2015]. Grottaminarda, Caserta: no {no} 'not' [Morelli 2015; Alois 2015].", "markup_description": "Esposito 2015; Russo 2015; Matarazzo 2015; Cirillo 2015; Nagar 2015; Mancusi 2015; Musella 2015; Fattoruso 2015; Cerrone 2015. Used in the prohibitive function as well, cf. {Nunn \u00ec!} ~ {Nun te ne \u00ec!} ~ {Nun te n'j\u00ec!} ~ {Nun te ne j\u00ec!} \"Don't go!\" [Esposito 2015; Russo 2015; Cirillo 2015; Nagar 2015; Mancusi 2015; Musella 2015; Fattoruso 2015; Cerrone 2015]. Grottaminarda, Caserta: no {no} 'not' [Morelli 2015; Alois 2015].", "valueset_pk": 6104, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 6104, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lNeapolitan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 73, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "nun {nun}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 73, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "neap1235", "ethnologue_code": "nap", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Neapolitan", "name": "Neapolitan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 39.2288, "longitude": 16.4225}, "name": "Neapolitan"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [16.4225, 39.2288]}, "id": "Neapolitan"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 7081, "ipa": "n\u0254 ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lCampidanese-0", "name": "n\u0254 {no}", "description": "Ballicu 2015; Pintus 2015; Casciu 2006: 288. Used also in the prohibitive function, cf. {No andisi!} \"Don't go!\" [Pintus 2015]. Domus de Maria: n\u0254 {no} 'not', used also in the prohibitive function: {No andisti!} \"Don't go!\" [Fadda 2015].", "markup_description": "Ballicu 2015; Pintus 2015; Casciu 2006: 288. Used also in the prohibitive function, cf. {No andisi!} \"Don't go!\" [Pintus 2015]. Domus de Maria: n\u0254 {no} 'not', used also in the prohibitive function: {No andisti!} \"Don't go!\" [Fadda 2015].", "valueset_pk": 6106, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 6106, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lCampidanese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 75, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "n\u0254 {no}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 75, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "camp1261", "ethnologue_code": "sro", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Campidanese", "name": "Campidanese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 39.0566, "longitude": 9.03935}, "name": "Campidanese"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [9.03935, 39.0566]}, "id": "Campidanese"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 7082, "ipa": "n\u0254 ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lPalermitanSicilian-0", "name": "n\u0254 {no}", "description": "Messina 2015; Ornato 2015. Termini Imerese: un {'un} 'not' [La Bua 2015]. In the prohibitive function the form un {'un} is used, cf. {'Un ti nni iri!} (Termini Imerese: {'Un iri!}) \"Don't go!\" [Messina 2015; Ornato 2015; La Bua 2015]. Buscemi: nun {nun} 'not' [Coccimiglio 2016].", "markup_description": "Messina 2015; Ornato 2015. Termini Imerese: un {'un} 'not' [La Bua 2015]. In the prohibitive function the form un {'un} is used, cf. {'Un ti nni iri!} (Termini Imerese: {'Un iri!}) \"Don't go!\" [Messina 2015; Ornato 2015; La Bua 2015]. Buscemi: nun {nun} 'not' [Coccimiglio 2016].", "valueset_pk": 6107, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 6107, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lPalermitanSicilian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 76, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "n\u0254 {no}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 76, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "sici1248", "ethnologue_code": "scn", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "PalermitanSicilian", "name": "Palermitan Sicilian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 37.5735, "longitude": 14.0414}, "name": "Palermitan Sicilian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [14.0414, 37.5735]}, "id": "PalermitanSicilian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 7084, "ipa": "n\u0254 ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lCatanianSicilian-0", "name": "n\u0254 {no} ~ nun {nun}", "description": "Corsaro 2015; La Mattina 2015; Salerno 2015. Also used in the prohibitive function, cf. {Nun annari!} \"Don't go!\" [Corsaro 2015].", "markup_description": "Corsaro 2015; La Mattina 2015; Salerno 2015. Also used in the prohibitive function, cf. {Nun annari!} \"Don't go!\" [Corsaro 2015].", "valueset_pk": 6109, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 6109, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lCatanianSicilian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 78, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "n\u0254 {no} ~ nun {nun}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 78, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "sici1248", "ethnologue_code": "scn", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "CatanianSicilian", "name": "Catanian Sicilian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 37.5735, "longitude": 14.0414}, "name": "Catanian Sicilian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [14.0414, 37.5735]}, "id": "CatanianSicilian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 7085, "ipa": "nun ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lSouthEasternSicilian-0", "name": "nun {nun}", "description": "Leggio 2015; Miccich\u00e8 2015. Also used in the prohibitive function, cf. {Nun ti n'iri!} \"Don't go!\" [Leggio 2015].", "markup_description": "Leggio 2015; Miccich\u00e8 2015. Also used in the prohibitive function, cf. {Nun ti n'iri!} \"Don't go!\" [Leggio 2015].", "valueset_pk": 6110, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 6110, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lSouthEasternSicilian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 79, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "nun {nun}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 79, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "sici1248", "ethnologue_code": "scn", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "SouthEasternSicilian", "name": "South-Eastern Sicilian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 37.5735, "longitude": 14.0414}, "name": "South-Eastern Sicilian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [14.0414, 37.5735]}, "id": "SouthEasternSicilian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 7086, "ipa": "no ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lCentralCatalan-0", "name": "no {no}", "description": "Al\u00f2s i Font 2015; Llorens 2015; EDCC 1993: 201; Narumov 2001: 506. Used in the prohibitive function as well, cf. {No hi vagis!} 'Don't go!\". For an emphasized negation the discontinous particle no=pas {no...pas} can be used, cf. {No menjo pas} \"I don't eat\" [Al\u00f2s i Font 2015].", "markup_description": "Al\u00f2s i Font 2015; Llorens 2015; EDCC 1993: 201; Narumov 2001: 506. Used in the prohibitive function as well, cf. {No hi vagis!} 'Don't go!\". For an emphasized negation the discontinous particle no=pas {no...pas} can be used, cf. {No menjo pas} \"I don't eat\" [Al\u00f2s i Font 2015].", "valueset_pk": 6111, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 6111, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lCentralCatalan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 80, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "no {no}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 80, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "stan1289", "ethnologue_code": "cat", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "CentralCatalan", "name": "Central Catalan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.453, "longitude": 1.569}, "name": "Central Catalan"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [1.569, 41.453]}, "id": "CentralCatalan"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 7087, "ipa": "no ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lNorthWesternCatalan-0", "name": "no {no}", "description": "Montagut 2015; Balletb\u00f2 2015. Used in the prohibitive function as well, cf. {No hi vagis!} 'Don't go!\" [Montagut 2015; Balletb\u00f2 2015].", "markup_description": "Montagut 2015; Balletb\u00f2 2015. Used in the prohibitive function as well, cf. {No hi vagis!} 'Don't go!\" [Montagut 2015; Balletb\u00f2 2015].", "valueset_pk": 6112, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 6112, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lNorthWesternCatalan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 81, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "no {no}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 81, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "stan1289", "ethnologue_code": "cat", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "NorthWesternCatalan", "name": "North-Western Catalan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.453, "longitude": 1.569}, "name": "North-Western Catalan"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [1.569, 41.453]}, "id": "NorthWesternCatalan"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 7088, "ipa": "no ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lMinorcanCatalan-0", "name": "no {no}", "description": "Cardona 2015. Used in the prohibitive function as well, cf. {No hi vagis!} 'Don't go!\" [Cardona 2015].", "markup_description": "Cardona 2015. Used in the prohibitive function as well, cf. {No hi vagis!} 'Don't go!\" [Cardona 2015].", "valueset_pk": 6113, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 6113, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lMinorcanCatalan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 82, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "no {no}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 82, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "stan1289", "ethnologue_code": "cat", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "MinorcanCatalan", "name": "Minorcan Catalan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.453, "longitude": 1.569}, "name": "Minorcan Catalan"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [1.569, 41.453]}, "id": "MinorcanCatalan"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 7089, "ipa": "no ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lCastellodelaPlanaCatalan-0", "name": "no {no}", "description": "Barreda 2015. Used in the prohibitive function as well, cf. {No hi vagis!} 'Don't go!\" [Barreda 2015].", "markup_description": "Barreda 2015. Used in the prohibitive function as well, cf. {No hi vagis!} 'Don't go!\" [Barreda 2015].", "valueset_pk": 6114, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 6114, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lCastellodelaPlanaCatalan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 83, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "no {no}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 83, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "stan1289", "ethnologue_code": "cat", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "CastellodelaPlanaCatalan", "name": "Castell\u00f3 de la Plana Catalan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.453, "longitude": 1.569}, "name": "Castell\u00f3 de la Plana Catalan"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [1.569, 41.453]}, "id": "CastellodelaPlanaCatalan"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 7090, "ipa": "no ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lValenciaCatalan-0", "name": "no {no}", "description": "P\u00e9rez i Sanchis 2015. Used in the prohibitive function as well, cf. {No te'n vages!} 'Don't go!\" [P\u00e9rez i Sanchis 2015].", "markup_description": "P\u00e9rez i Sanchis 2015. Used in the prohibitive function as well, cf. {No te'n vages!} 'Don't go!\" [P\u00e9rez i Sanchis 2015].", "valueset_pk": 6115, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 6115, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lValenciaCatalan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 84, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "no {no}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 84, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "stan1289", "ethnologue_code": "cat", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "ValenciaCatalan", "name": "Valencia Catalan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.453, "longitude": 1.569}, "name": "Valencia Catalan"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [1.569, 41.453]}, "id": "ValenciaCatalan"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 7091, "ipa": "no ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lManisesCatalan-0", "name": "no {no}", "description": "Pedr\u00f3s 2015. Used in the prohibitive function as well, cf. {No vages!} 'Don't go!\" [Pedr\u00f3s 2015].", "markup_description": "Pedr\u00f3s 2015. Used in the prohibitive function as well, cf. {No vages!} 'Don't go!\" [Pedr\u00f3s 2015].", "valueset_pk": 6116, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 6116, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lManisesCatalan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 85, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "no {no}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 85, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "stan1289", "ethnologue_code": "cat", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "ManisesCatalan", "name": "Manises Catalan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.453, "longitude": 1.569}, "name": "Manises Catalan"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [1.569, 41.453]}, "id": "ManisesCatalan"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 7094, "ipa": "n\u0250\u0342w\u0303 ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lStandardPortuguese-0", "name": "n\u0250\u0342w\u0303 {n\u00e3o}", "description": "Voinova et al. 1989: 321. Used in the prohibitive function as well, cf. {n\u00e3o partir\u00e1s} \"you won't leave / don't leave\" [Volf 2001: 474].", "markup_description": "Voinova et al. 1989: 321. Used in the prohibitive function as well, cf. {n\u00e3o partir\u00e1s} \"you won't leave / don't leave\" [Volf 2001: 474].", "valueset_pk": 6119, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 6119, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lStandardPortuguese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 88, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "n\u0250\u0342w\u0303 {n\u00e3o}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 88, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "port1283", "ethnologue_code": "por", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "StandardPortuguese", "name": "Standard Portuguese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 39.91, "longitude": -8.1}, "name": "Standard Portuguese"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-8.1, 39.91]}, "id": "StandardPortuguese"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 7095, "ipa": "no\u014b ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lGalician-0", "name": "no\u014b {non} ", "description": "Montoya Bola\u00f1os 2015; Franco Grande 1968: 823; Fern\u00e1ndez Armesto 1981: 535; Carr\u00e9 Alvarellos 1972: 658. Used in the prohibitive function as well: {Non vaias!} \"Don't go!\" [Montoya Bola\u00f1os 2015]. ", "markup_description": "Montoya Bola\u00f1os 2015; Franco Grande 1968: 823; Fern\u00e1ndez Armesto 1981: 535; Carr\u00e9 Alvarellos 1972: 658. Used in the prohibitive function as well: {Non vaias!} \"Don't go!\" [Montoya Bola\u00f1os 2015]. ", "valueset_pk": 6120, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 6120, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lGalician", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 89, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 7106, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": 0, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lGalician-1", "name": "N/A", "description": " ", "markup_description": " ", "valueset_pk": 6120, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 6120, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lGalician", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 89, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "no\u014b {non} , N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 89, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "gali1258", "ethnologue_code": "glg", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Galician", "name": "Galician", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 42.2446, "longitude": -7.5343}, "name": "Galician"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-7.5343, 42.2446]}, "id": "Galician"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 7096, "ipa": "nu\u014b ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lProvencalOccitan-0", "name": "nu\u014b {noun} ~ nani {n\u00e0ni}", "description": "Coupier 1995: 941-942.", "markup_description": "Coupier 1995: 941-942.", "valueset_pk": 6121, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 6121, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lProvencalOccitan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 90, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "nu\u014b {noun} ~ nani {n\u00e0ni}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 90, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "prov1235", "ethnologue_code": "oci", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "ProvencalOccitan", "name": "Proven\u00e7al Occitan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 44.0, "longitude": 6.0}, "name": "Proven\u00e7al Occitan"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [6.0, 44.0]}, "id": "ProvencalOccitan"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 7099, "ipa": "n\u0259-pa ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lStandardFrench-0", "name": "n\u0259-pa {ne\u2026pas}", "description": "Robert-Collins 1989: 454; Rayevskaya 2013: 487. In spoken French the first element can be elided [Referovskaya et al. 2001: 238]. Used also in the prohibitive function: {ne me d\u00e9rangez pas} \"Don't disturb me\" [Collins-Robert 1989: 465].", "markup_description": "Robert-Collins 1989: 454; Rayevskaya 2013: 487. In spoken French the first element can be elided [Referovskaya et al. 2001: 238]. Used also in the prohibitive function: {ne me d\u00e9rangez pas} \"Don't disturb me\" [Collins-Robert 1989: 465].", "valueset_pk": 6124, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 6124, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lStandardFrench", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 93, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}, {"pk": 7109, "ipa": "n\u0259=pa ", "cognate_class": 5, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lStandardFrench-1", "name": "n\u0259=pa {ne\u2026pas}", "description": "", "markup_description": "", "valueset_pk": 6124, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 6124, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lStandardFrench", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 93, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "n\u0259-pa {ne\u2026pas}, n\u0259=pa {ne\u2026pas}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 93, "parent_pk": 5, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "stan1290", "ethnologue_code": "fra", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "StandardFrench", "name": "Standard French", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 48.0, "longitude": 2.0}, "name": "Standard French"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [2.0, 48.0]}, "id": "StandardFrench"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 10095, "ipa": "ka\u0304 ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lSkou-0", "name": "ka\u0304 {ka}", "description": "Donohue 2002: 25; Donohue 2004: 526. Polysemy \u2018no / not / isn\u2019t any\u2019, used as general negative.", "markup_description": "Donohue 2002: 25; Donohue 2004: 526. Polysemy \u2018no / not / isn\u2019t any\u2019, used as general negative.", "valueset_pk": 8972, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 8972, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lSkou", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 96, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "ka\u0304 {ka}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 96, "parent_pk": 6, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "nucl1634", "ethnologue_code": "skv", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Skou", "name": "Skou", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -2.64378, "longitude": 140.902}, "name": "Skou"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [140.902, -2.64378]}, "id": "Skou"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 11672, "ipa": "te- ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lVartashenUdi-0", "name": "te- {\u0442\u0435-} ", "description": "Gukasyan 1974: 288; Schulze-F\u00fcrhoff 1994: 483; Dirr 1903: 75; Schiefner 1863: 29; Schulze 2001: 240. A verbal proclitic. Cf. the prohibitive proclitic ma- {\u043c\u0430-} and the negative proclitic for the future and optative nu, nut {\u043d\u0443, \u043d\u0443\u0442}. \nCommon Udi notes: Common Udi *te-, a verbal proclitic. \n\tCaucasian Albanian: nu- [Gippert et al. 2008: II-55]. A verbal proclitic, normally used with non-past finite forms. Distinct from the morpheme te (particle or proclitic), which is normally used as a negative copula or with verbs in the past tense [Gippert et al. 2008: II-55]. Distinct from the prohibitive proclitic ma- [Gippert et al. 2008: II-51]. A fourth, more marginal, negative morpheme is nu-t (apparently < nu + te) [Gippert et al. 2008: II-52]. ", "markup_description": "Gukasyan 1974: 288; Schulze-F\u00fcrhoff 1994: 483; Dirr 1903: 75; Schiefner 1863: 29; Schulze 2001: 240. A verbal proclitic. Cf. the prohibitive proclitic ma- {\u043c\u0430-} and the negative proclitic for the future and optative nu, nut {\u043d\u0443, \u043d\u0443\u0442}. \nCommon Udi notes: Common Udi *te-, a verbal proclitic. \n\tCaucasian Albanian: nu- [Gippert et al. 2008: II-55]. A verbal proclitic, normally used with non-past finite forms. Distinct from the morpheme te (particle or proclitic), which is normally used as a negative copula or with verbs in the past tense [Gippert et al. 2008: II-55]. Distinct from the prohibitive proclitic ma- [Gippert et al. 2008: II-51]. A fourth, more marginal, negative morpheme is nu-t (apparently < nu + te) [Gippert et al. 2008: II-52]. ", "valueset_pk": 10303, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 10303, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lVartashenUdi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 98, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "te- {\u0442\u0435-} ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 98, "parent_pk": 7, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "udii1243", "ethnologue_code": "udi", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "VartashenUdi", "name": "Vartashen Udi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 40.9, "longitude": 47.7236}, "name": "Vartashen Udi"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [47.7236, 40.9]}, "id": "VartashenUdi"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 11673, "ipa": "=t\u02bcu ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lArchi-0", "name": "=t\u02bcu ", "description": "Kibrik 1994: 329; Kibrik et al. 1977a 2: 89; Mikailov 1967: 138; Dirr 1908: 83. A verbal suffix. Distinct from the verbal suffixes -di-gi ~ -gi, which express the prohibitive [Kibrik 1994: 332; Kibrik et al. 1977a 2: 96; Mikailov 1967: 138]. ", "markup_description": "Kibrik 1994: 329; Kibrik et al. 1977a 2: 89; Mikailov 1967: 138; Dirr 1908: 83. A verbal suffix. Distinct from the verbal suffixes -di-gi ~ -gi, which express the prohibitive [Kibrik 1994: 332; Kibrik et al. 1977a 2: 96; Mikailov 1967: 138]. ", "valueset_pk": 10304, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 10304, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lArchi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 99, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=t\u02bcu ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 99, "parent_pk": 7, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "arch1244", "ethnologue_code": "aqc", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Archi", "name": "Archi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 42.3239, "longitude": 46.8267}, "name": "Archi"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [46.8267, 42.3239]}, "id": "Archi"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 11674, "ipa": "d-\u00e6-CLASS ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lKrytsproper-0", "name": "d-\u00e4-CLASS ", "description": "Saadiev 1994: 425-427. Negation of assertion is expressed by the copula d-\u00e4-CLASS or by the simple prefix d-. The prohibitive exponent is the prefix m- [Saadiev 1994: 429].", "markup_description": "Saadiev 1994: 425-427. Negation of assertion is expressed by the copula d-\u00e4-CLASS or by the simple prefix d-. The prohibitive exponent is the prefix m- [Saadiev 1994: 429].", "valueset_pk": 10305, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 10305, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lKrytsproper", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 100, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "d-\u00e4-CLASS ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 100, "parent_pk": 7, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "kryt1240", "ethnologue_code": "kry", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Krytsproper", "name": "Kryts (proper)", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.1811, "longitude": 48.1846}, "name": "Kryts (proper)"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [48.1846, 41.1811]}, "id": "Krytsproper"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 11676, "ipa": "d-\u0259-CLASS ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lBudukh-0", "name": "d-\u0259-CLASS {\u0434\u0430-} ", "description": "Alekseev 1994: 280; Talibov 2007: 184, 229; Meylanova 1984: 197. Negation of assertion is expressed by the encliticized copula d-\u0259-CLASS in finite forms and the prefix d-V- in infinite forms. The prohibitive exponent is the prefix mV- [Alekseev 1994: 279; Talibov 2007: 216].", "markup_description": "Alekseev 1994: 280; Talibov 2007: 184, 229; Meylanova 1984: 197. Negation of assertion is expressed by the encliticized copula d-\u0259-CLASS in finite forms and the prefix d-V- in infinite forms. The prohibitive exponent is the prefix mV- [Alekseev 1994: 279; Talibov 2007: 216].", "valueset_pk": 10307, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 10307, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lBudukh", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 102, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "d-\u0259-CLASS {\u0434\u0430-} ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 102, "parent_pk": 7, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "budu1248", "ethnologue_code": "bdk", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Budukh", "name": "Budukh", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.2272, "longitude": 48.3353}, "name": "Budukh"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [48.3353, 41.2272]}, "id": "Budukh"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 11680, "ipa": "di-\u0283 ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lMukhadRutul-0", "name": "di-\u0161 {\u0434\u0438\u0448} ", "description": "Dirr 1912: 91 ff.; Alekseev 1994a: 233 ff.; Makhmudova 2001: 146 ff. According to the aforementioned sources, negation of assertion is expressed by the encliticized copula -di-\u0161 in finite forms, whereas in non-finite forms (e.g., in adverbial participles) negation of assertion is expressed by the prefix \u01efV-. In [Ibragimov 1978: 103], the Mukhad system is described in a similar way. \n\tThe prohibitive exponent is the prefix mV- [Alekseev 1994a: 234; Ibragimov 1978: 103; Makhmudova 2001: 146; Dirr 1912: 91].\nCommon Rutul notes: ", "markup_description": "Dirr 1912: 91 ff.; Alekseev 1994a: 233 ff.; Makhmudova 2001: 146 ff. According to the aforementioned sources, negation of assertion is expressed by the encliticized copula -di-\u0161 in finite forms, whereas in non-finite forms (e.g., in adverbial participles) negation of assertion is expressed by the prefix \u01efV-. In [Ibragimov 1978: 103], the Mukhad system is described in a similar way. \n\tThe prohibitive exponent is the prefix mV- [Alekseev 1994a: 234; Ibragimov 1978: 103; Makhmudova 2001: 146; Dirr 1912: 91].\nCommon Rutul notes: ", "valueset_pk": 10311, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 10311, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lMukhadRutul", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 106, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "di-\u0161 {\u0434\u0438\u0448} ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 106, "parent_pk": 7, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "rutu1240", "ethnologue_code": "rut", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "MukhadRutul", "name": "Mukhad Rutul", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.6187, "longitude": 47.3244}, "name": "Mukhad Rutul"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [47.3244, 41.6187]}, "id": "MukhadRutul"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 11682, "ipa": null, "cognate_class": -1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lLuchekRutul-0", "name": "N/A", "description": "Not attested.\nCommon Rutul notes: ", "markup_description": "Not attested.\nCommon Rutul notes: ", "valueset_pk": 10313, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 10313, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lLuchekRutul", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 108, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "N/A", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 108, "parent_pk": 7, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "rutu1240", "ethnologue_code": "rut", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "LuchekRutul", "name": "Luchek Rutul", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.6187, "longitude": 47.3244}, "name": "Luchek Rutul"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [47.3244, 41.6187]}, "id": "LuchekRutul"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 11683, "ipa": "=da ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lKoshanAghul-0", "name": "=da ", "description": "See common Aghul notes.\nCommon Aghul notes: The system of Aghul negations is described in [Magometov 1970: 148 ff.; Suleymanov 1993: 141 f., 154; Tarlanov 1994: 237 f.; Shaumyan 1941: 109 ff.] with examples from various dialects. The verbal negation of assertion is expressed with the encliticized copula -da-wa / -da-\u0294 / -da or with the verbal prefix dV-. The verbal prefix mV- is the prohibitive exponent. All the aforementioned authors note no principal discrepancies between Aghul dialects.", "markup_description": "See common Aghul notes.\nCommon Aghul notes: The system of Aghul negations is described in [Magometov 1970: 148 ff.; Suleymanov 1993: 141 f., 154; Tarlanov 1994: 237 f.; Shaumyan 1941: 109 ff.] with examples from various dialects. The verbal negation of assertion is expressed with the encliticized copula -da-wa / -da-\u0294 / -da or with the verbal prefix dV-. The verbal prefix mV- is the prohibitive exponent. All the aforementioned authors note no principal discrepancies between Aghul dialects.", "valueset_pk": 10314, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 10314, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lKoshanAghul", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 109, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=da ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 109, "parent_pk": 7, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "kosh1245", "ethnologue_code": "agx", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "KoshanAghul", "name": "Koshan Aghul", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.85, "longitude": 47.65}, "name": "Koshan Aghul"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [47.65, 41.85]}, "id": "KoshanAghul"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 11687, "ipa": "=da ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lAghulproper-0", "name": "=da ", "description": "See common Aghul notes.", "markup_description": "See common Aghul notes.", "valueset_pk": 10318, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 10318, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lAghulproper", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 113, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=da ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 113, "parent_pk": 7, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "aghu1253", "ethnologue_code": "agx", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Aghulproper", "name": "Aghul (proper)", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.9242, "longitude": 47.5843}, "name": "Aghul (proper)"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [47.5843, 41.9242]}, "id": "Aghulproper"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 11688, "ipa": "da-r ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lNorthernTabasaran-0", "name": "da-r ", "description": "Magometov 1965: 293. Verbal affix. After a vowel-final morpheme, the rhotacized variant -rV\u02d0- (< -da-) occurs [Magometov 1965: 295]. \n\tThe same affix in the Khanag subdialect: da-r or simplified da, in the intervocalic position -rV- [Magometov 1965: 291, 295; Dirr 1905: 105 ff.]. The same affix in the Khyuryuk subdialect: da-r [Magometov 1965: 293 f.].\nCommon Tabasaran notes: The system of Tabasaran negations is described in [Magometov 1965: 290 ff.] with examples from various dialects. The verbal negation of assertion is expressed with the affix dar, harmonized dur / der / etc. (in Northern Tabasaran it mutates into rar or yar in some positions; final -r can get lost in some forms). Tabasaran dar is used as either a prefix or a suffix, depending on the grammatical form. This morpheme originally represents the cliticized negative copula da-r with the fossilized class exponent -r. In some participle forms the negative exponent is simply -di (with the dialectal variants -\u01efi, -ir, -i) without the class suffix [Magometov 1965: 305]. \n\tIn Southern Tabasaran, verbal stems, modified with certain prefixes, create the negated forms via reduplication of the prefix; this is a secondary analogical pattern [Magometov 1965: 301 f.]. \n\tThe verbal affix (prefix or suffix) mV is the Common Tabasaran prohibitive exponent [Magometov 1965: 310 ff.].", "markup_description": "Magometov 1965: 293. Verbal affix. After a vowel-final morpheme, the rhotacized variant -rV\u02d0- (< -da-) occurs [Magometov 1965: 295]. \n\tThe same affix in the Khanag subdialect: da-r or simplified da, in the intervocalic position -rV- [Magometov 1965: 291, 295; Dirr 1905: 105 ff.]. The same affix in the Khyuryuk subdialect: da-r [Magometov 1965: 293 f.].\nCommon Tabasaran notes: The system of Tabasaran negations is described in [Magometov 1965: 290 ff.] with examples from various dialects. The verbal negation of assertion is expressed with the affix dar, harmonized dur / der / etc. (in Northern Tabasaran it mutates into rar or yar in some positions; final -r can get lost in some forms). Tabasaran dar is used as either a prefix or a suffix, depending on the grammatical form. This morpheme originally represents the cliticized negative copula da-r with the fossilized class exponent -r. In some participle forms the negative exponent is simply -di (with the dialectal variants -\u01efi, -ir, -i) without the class suffix [Magometov 1965: 305]. \n\tIn Southern Tabasaran, verbal stems, modified with certain prefixes, create the negated forms via reduplication of the prefix; this is a secondary analogical pattern [Magometov 1965: 301 f.]. \n\tThe verbal affix (prefix or suffix) mV is the Common Tabasaran prohibitive exponent [Magometov 1965: 310 ff.].", "valueset_pk": 10319, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 10319, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lNorthernTabasaran", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 114, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "da-r ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 114, "parent_pk": 7, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "taba1259", "ethnologue_code": "tab", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "NorthernTabasaran", "name": "Northern Tabasaran", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 42.0198, "longitude": 47.8379}, "name": "Northern Tabasaran"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [47.8379, 42.0198]}, "id": "NorthernTabasaran"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 11690, "ipa": "=t\u0320\u0361\u0283", "cognate_class": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lGyuneLezgi-0", "name": "=\u010d", "description": "Uslar 1896: 161. According to Uslar's sparse data, the Gyune system is very similar to the modern literary one: suffixal -\u010d (or -\u010di-r with the additional participle suffix -r) in finite forms, and prefixal t\u02d0(V)-, t(V)-, d(V)- in non-finite forms, see below for details. The distribution between t\u02d0- ~ t- ~ d- seems non-existent, with some verbs possessing parallel forms with two of the listed variants; the general system was apparently described during a period of restructuring (see [Uslar 1896: 177-178, 208-210] for the lists of examples). Nevertheless, some patterns can be observed, e.g., verbs with the root ejective consonant normally attach dV-. \n\tIn Literary Lezgi, the basic verbal negation is the suffix -\u010d {\u0447} (or -\u010di-r), which is used in finite indicative forms; the second negative exponent is the prefix t\u02d0(V)- {\u0442}, restricted to participle, masdar and infinitive forms; see [Gaydarov et al. 2009: 206 ff.; Alekseev & Sheykhov 1997: 53; Talibov & Gadzhiev 1966: 582 ff.; Haspelmath 1993: 5, 133, 135]. According to Dm. Ganenkov's p.c., a couple of verbs with the ejective root consonant attach the negative prefix d(V)- {\u0434} in the literary language instead of common t\u02d0(V)- {\u0442}, but actually, in natural speech the negative forms of these verbs are normally pronounced with t\u02d0(V)-. It should also be noted that the majority of verbs in Literary Lezgi possess analytic negated forms, derived with the help of cliticized negated auxiliary verbs. \n\tAll the dental prefixal exponents, listed above, apparently originate from the main Lezgian negation *t\u02d0V-. One can suppose that initially the Gyune variants t\u02d0(V)-, t(V)-, d(V)- were distributed according to the root consonant. As a parallel, cf. the Jaba dialect (Samur group), where two prefixes for non-finite forms coexist: t\u02d0(V)- and t\u02bc(V)-; according to examples in [Ganieva 2007: 131], t\u02bc(V)- is attached to the verbs with an ejective root consonant (e.g., ac\u02bc\u0169 'to fill' - t\u02bc=ac\u02bc\u0169 'not to fill'), whereas t\u02d0(V)- is used elsewhere (e.g., aw\u0169 'to do' - t\u02d0=aw\u0169 'not to do'). The consonantal harmony is thus similar to the nominal oblique stem suffix -c\u02bci- / -\u010d\u02d0i- / -\u010d\u02bci- / -\u017ei-, where the allomorphs are determined by the root consonant in Literary Lezgi [Haspelmath 1993: 63]. \n\tIn Literary Lezgi, prohibitive is formed with the suffix -mi plus the participle suffix -r [Alekseev & Sheykhov 1997: 53; Haspelmath 1993: 5, 23].", "markup_description": "Uslar 1896: 161. According to Uslar's sparse data, the Gyune system is very similar to the modern literary one: suffixal -\u010d (or -\u010di-r with the additional participle suffix -r) in finite forms, and prefixal t\u02d0(V)-, t(V)-, d(V)- in non-finite forms, see below for details. The distribution between t\u02d0- ~ t- ~ d- seems non-existent, with some verbs possessing parallel forms with two of the listed variants; the general system was apparently described during a period of restructuring (see [Uslar 1896: 177-178, 208-210] for the lists of examples). Nevertheless, some patterns can be observed, e.g., verbs with the root ejective consonant normally attach dV-. \n\tIn Literary Lezgi, the basic verbal negation is the suffix -\u010d {\u0447} (or -\u010di-r), which is used in finite indicative forms; the second negative exponent is the prefix t\u02d0(V)- {\u0442}, restricted to participle, masdar and infinitive forms; see [Gaydarov et al. 2009: 206 ff.; Alekseev & Sheykhov 1997: 53; Talibov & Gadzhiev 1966: 582 ff.; Haspelmath 1993: 5, 133, 135]. According to Dm. Ganenkov's p.c., a couple of verbs with the ejective root consonant attach the negative prefix d(V)- {\u0434} in the literary language instead of common t\u02d0(V)- {\u0442}, but actually, in natural speech the negative forms of these verbs are normally pronounced with t\u02d0(V)-. It should also be noted that the majority of verbs in Literary Lezgi possess analytic negated forms, derived with the help of cliticized negated auxiliary verbs. \n\tAll the dental prefixal exponents, listed above, apparently originate from the main Lezgian negation *t\u02d0V-. One can suppose that initially the Gyune variants t\u02d0(V)-, t(V)-, d(V)- were distributed according to the root consonant. As a parallel, cf. the Jaba dialect (Samur group), where two prefixes for non-finite forms coexist: t\u02d0(V)- and t\u02bc(V)-; according to examples in [Ganieva 2007: 131], t\u02bc(V)- is attached to the verbs with an ejective root consonant (e.g., ac\u02bc\u0169 'to fill' - t\u02bc=ac\u02bc\u0169 'not to fill'), whereas t\u02d0(V)- is used elsewhere (e.g., aw\u0169 'to do' - t\u02d0=aw\u0169 'not to do'). The consonantal harmony is thus similar to the nominal oblique stem suffix -c\u02bci- / -\u010d\u02d0i- / -\u010d\u02bci- / -\u017ei-, where the allomorphs are determined by the root consonant in Literary Lezgi [Haspelmath 1993: 63]. \n\tIn Literary Lezgi, prohibitive is formed with the suffix -mi plus the participle suffix -r [Alekseev & Sheykhov 1997: 53; Haspelmath 1993: 5, 23].", "valueset_pk": 10321, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 10321, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lGyuneLezgi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 116, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "=\u010d", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 116, "parent_pk": 7, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "lezg1247", "ethnologue_code": "lez", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "GyuneLezgi", "name": "Gyune Lezgi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 41.5157, "longitude": 47.8951}, "name": "Gyune Lezgi"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [47.8951, 41.5157]}, "id": "GyuneLezgi"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 14178, "ipa": "n\u025b ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lOrbaniciChakavian-0", "name": "n\u025b {n\u0205}", "description": "Kalsbeek 1998: 501. Used in the prohibitive function as well: {Ne r\u00e3bi pl\u0201kat za n\u0209\u010d} \"You should not cry for no reason\".", "markup_description": "Kalsbeek 1998: 501. Used in the prohibitive function as well: {Ne r\u00e3bi pl\u0201kat za n\u0209\u010d} \"You should not cry for no reason\".", "valueset_pk": 12431, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 12431, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lOrbaniciChakavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 120, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "n\u025b {n\u0205}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 120, "parent_pk": 8, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "chak1265", "ethnologue_code": "hrv", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "OrbaniciChakavian", "name": "Orbanici Chakavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 47.544, "longitude": 16.626}, "name": "Orbanici Chakavian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [16.626, 47.544]}, "id": "OrbaniciChakavian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 14179, "ipa": "n\u025b ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lOrlecChakavian-0", "name": "n\u025b {n\u0205}", "description": "Houtzagers 1985: 305.", "markup_description": "Houtzagers 1985: 305.", "valueset_pk": 12432, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 12432, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lOrlecChakavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 121, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "n\u025b {n\u0205}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 121, "parent_pk": 8, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "chak1265", "ethnologue_code": "hrv", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "OrlecChakavian", "name": "Orlec Chakavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 47.544, "longitude": 16.626}, "name": "Orlec Chakavian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [16.626, 47.544]}, "id": "OrlecChakavian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 14180, "ipa": "n\u025b ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lVrgadaChakavian-0", "name": "n\u025b {ne}", "description": "Juri\u0161i\u0107 1973: 131.", "markup_description": "Juri\u0161i\u0107 1973: 131.", "valueset_pk": 12433, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 12433, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lVrgadaChakavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 122, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "n\u025b {ne}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 122, "parent_pk": 8, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "chak1265", "ethnologue_code": "hrv", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "VrgadaChakavian", "name": "Vrgada Chakavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 47.544, "longitude": 16.626}, "name": "Vrgada Chakavian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [16.626, 47.544]}, "id": "VrgadaChakavian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 14181, "ipa": "n\u025b ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lDevinskaNovaVesChakavian-0", "name": "n\u025b {ne}", "description": "V\u00e1\u017en\u00fd 1927: 97.", "markup_description": "V\u00e1\u017en\u00fd 1927: 97.", "valueset_pk": 12434, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 12434, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lDevinskaNovaVesChakavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 123, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "n\u025b {ne}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 123, "parent_pk": 8, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "chak1265", "ethnologue_code": "hrv", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "DevinskaNovaVesChakavian", "name": "Devinska Nova Ves Chakavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 47.544, "longitude": 16.626}, "name": "Devinska Nova Ves Chakavian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [16.626, 47.544]}, "id": "DevinskaNovaVesChakavian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 14182, "ipa": "n\u00e6 ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lBurgenlandKajkavian-0", "name": "n\u00e4 {n\u0205\u0327}", "description": "Houtzagers 1999: 283.", "markup_description": "Houtzagers 1999: 283.", "valueset_pk": 12435, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 12435, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lBurgenlandKajkavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 124, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "n\u00e4 {n\u0205\u0327}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 124, "parent_pk": 8, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "burg1244", "ethnologue_code": "hrv", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "BurgenlandKajkavian", "name": "Burgenland Kajkavian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 47.544, "longitude": 16.626}, "name": "Burgenland Kajkavian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [16.626, 47.544]}, "id": "BurgenlandKajkavian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 14183, "ipa": "n\u025b ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lLjubljanaSlovene-0", "name": "n\u025b {ne}", "description": "Ogrinc 2014; Uhlik 2016. Used in the prohibitive function as well, cf. {ne hodi} / {ne pojdi} \"Don't go\" [Uhlik 2016].", "markup_description": "Ogrinc 2014; Uhlik 2016. Used in the prohibitive function as well, cf. {ne hodi} / {ne pojdi} \"Don't go\" [Uhlik 2016].", "valueset_pk": 12436, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 12436, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lLjubljanaSlovene", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 125, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "n\u025b {ne}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 125, "parent_pk": 8, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "slov1268", "ethnologue_code": "slv", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "LjubljanaSlovene", "name": "Ljubljana Slovene", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 46.2543, "longitude": 14.7766}, "name": "Ljubljana Slovene"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [14.7766, 46.2543]}, "id": "LjubljanaSlovene"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 14185, "ipa": "na ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lZatolminSlovenian-0", "name": "na {\u02c8na}", "description": "\u010cujec Stres 1: 388.", "markup_description": "\u010cujec Stres 1: 388.", "valueset_pk": 12438, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 12438, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lZatolminSlovenian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 127, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "na {\u02c8na}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 127, "parent_pk": 8, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "slov1268", "ethnologue_code": "slv", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "ZatolminSlovenian", "name": "Zatolmin Slovenian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 46.2543, "longitude": 14.7766}, "name": "Zatolmin Slovenian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [14.7766, 46.2543]}, "id": "ZatolminSlovenian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 14190, "ipa": "\u0272\u025b ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lPilisszantoSlovak-0", "name": "\u0272\u025b {\u0148e}", "description": "Gregor 1975: 248.", "markup_description": "Gregor 1975: 248.", "valueset_pk": 12443, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 12443, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lPilisszantoSlovak", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 132, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "\u0272\u025b {\u0148e}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 132, "parent_pk": 8, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "slov1269", "ethnologue_code": "slk", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "PilisszantoSlovak", "name": "Pilisszanto Slovak", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 48.545705, "longitude": 18.78479}, "name": "Pilisszanto Slovak"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [18.78479, 48.545705]}, "id": "PilisszantoSlovak"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 14191, "ipa": "\u0272\u025b ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lWieciorkaLesserPolish-0", "name": "\u0272\u025b {\u0144e}", "description": "Kuca\u0142a 1957: 211. SidG., Fac.: \u0272\u025b {\u0144e}. The form \u0272\u00e4\u0303 {\u0144\u0119} is used at the end of a phrase (SidG., Fac.: {\u0144y\u0307}) [Kuca\u0142a 1957: 211].", "markup_description": "Kuca\u0142a 1957: 211. SidG., Fac.: \u0272\u025b {\u0144e}. The form \u0272\u00e4\u0303 {\u0144\u0119} is used at the end of a phrase (SidG., Fac.: {\u0144y\u0307}) [Kuca\u0142a 1957: 211].", "valueset_pk": 12444, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 12444, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lWieciorkaLesserPolish", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 133, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "\u0272\u025b {\u0144e}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 133, "parent_pk": 8, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "poli1260", "ethnologue_code": "pol", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "WieciorkaLesserPolish", "name": "Wieciorka Lesser Polish", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 51.8439, "longitude": 18.6255}, "name": "Wieciorka Lesser Polish"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [18.6255, 51.8439]}, "id": "WieciorkaLesserPolish"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 15242, "ipa": "n\u02b2\u025b ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lStandardLithuanian-0", "name": "n\u02b8\u025b {n\u00e8}", "description": "Baronas I: 538.", "markup_description": "Baronas I: 538.", "valueset_pk": 13433, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 13433, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lStandardLithuanian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 136, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "n\u02b8\u025b {n\u00e8}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 136, "parent_pk": 9, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "lith1251", "ethnologue_code": "lit", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "StandardLithuanian", "name": "Standard Lithuanian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 55.1429, "longitude": 23.9601}, "name": "Standard Lithuanian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [23.9601, 55.1429]}, "id": "StandardLithuanian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 15243, "ipa": "n\u025b ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lStandardLatvian-0", "name": "n\u025b {ne}", "description": "KLV 1988: 266; LVP 1995: 476.", "markup_description": "KLV 1988: 266; LVP 1995: 476.", "valueset_pk": 13434, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 13434, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lStandardLatvian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 137, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "n\u025b {ne}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 137, "parent_pk": 9, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "stan1325", "ethnologue_code": "lvs", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "StandardLatvian", "name": "Standard Latvian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 57.0, "longitude": 24.0}, "name": "Standard Latvian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [24.0, 57.0]}, "id": "StandardLatvian"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 15404, "ipa": "na-tta ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lHittiteOld-0", "name": "na-tta ", "description": "Hoffner & Melchert 2008: 341; CHD L-N: 409; HED N: 68; HEG N: 284; Kloekhorst 2008: 597. OH+. Negation of assertion. Corresponds to the main negations of assertion in the rest of Anatolian: Palaic ni, nit, Luwian nawa (C&H), na (H), Lydian ni, nit, Lycian ne. The Hittite form apparently contains the basic IE negative morpheme *ne, although Hitt. na- (for the expected **ne-/ni-) suggests the proto-form *no. For the prohibitive negation the Hittite particle le is used (OH+) [Hoffner & Melchert 2008: 344]; the latter lacks Anatolian and IE cognates (a sometimes proposed connection to the same IE *ne is unjustified). The Luwian prohibitive negation is ni-s, latter ni (H).", "markup_description": "Hoffner & Melchert 2008: 341; CHD L-N: 409; HED N: 68; HEG N: 284; Kloekhorst 2008: 597. OH+. Negation of assertion. Corresponds to the main negations of assertion in the rest of Anatolian: Palaic ni, nit, Luwian nawa (C&H), na (H), Lydian ni, nit, Lycian ne. The Hittite form apparently contains the basic IE negative morpheme *ne, although Hitt. na- (for the expected **ne-/ni-) suggests the proto-form *no. For the prohibitive negation the Hittite particle le is used (OH+) [Hoffner & Melchert 2008: 344]; the latter lacks Anatolian and IE cognates (a sometimes proposed connection to the same IE *ne is unjustified). The Luwian prohibitive negation is ni-s, latter ni (H).", "valueset_pk": 13592, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 13592, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lHittiteOld", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 138, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "na-tta ", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 138, "parent_pk": 10, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "hitt1242", "ethnologue_code": "hit", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "HittiteOld", "name": "Hittite (Old)", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 40.0, "longitude": 35.0}, "name": "Hittite (Old)"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [35.0, 40.0]}, "id": "HittiteOld"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 15643, "ipa": "wa\u028ea ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lYandruwandha-0", "name": "wa\u028ea {walya}", "description": "Breen 2015b: 70. Some examples: {Walya ngandra yurarla paldriningadi nhinggiyi} \u201cWe don\u2019t want (him) to die here\u201d, {Kayiditji walyala thana nhinarla} \u201cThey aren\u2019t living any more\u201d, {Ngararnanga pulhu yaraya(?) \u2014 walya ngathu pulhu nganandji} \u201cI understood them but I didn\u2019t tell them\u201d, {Walya thana wawalapurra rabititji} \u201cThey never saw a rabbit [in the old days]\u201d, {Yakarlala ngathu yina minhanganarla nhuniyi walya yandhiyandhini ngakaniyi} \u201cI\u2019m asking you why he don\u2019t talk to me\u201d, {Walya nhunu muka thudiningadi} \u201cDon\u2019t let him sleep\u201d (Breen 2015a: 110-111).
Distinct from {pani} \u2018no, none, nothing\u2019 (Breen 2015b: 73).
Yawarrawarrka: wa\u0236a {watja} \u2018not\u2019 (Breeb 2015a: 116).", "markup_description": "Breen 2015b: 70. Some examples: {Walya ngandra yurarla paldriningadi nhinggiyi} \u201cWe don\u2019t want (him) to die here\u201d, {Kayiditji walyala thana nhinarla} \u201cThey aren\u2019t living any more\u201d, {Ngararnanga pulhu yaraya(?) \u2014 walya ngathu pulhu nganandji} \u201cI understood them but I didn\u2019t tell them\u201d, {Walya thana wawalapurra rabititji} \u201cThey never saw a rabbit [in the old days]\u201d, {Yakarlala ngathu yina minhanganarla nhuniyi walya yandhiyandhini ngakaniyi} \u201cI\u2019m asking you why he don\u2019t talk to me\u201d, {Walya nhunu muka thudiningadi} \u201cDon\u2019t let him sleep\u201d (Breen 2015a: 110-111).
Distinct from {pani} \u2018no, none, nothing\u2019 (Breen 2015b: 73).
Yawarrawarrka: wa\u0236a {watja} \u2018not\u2019 (Breeb 2015a: 116).", "valueset_pk": 13811, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 13811, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lYandruwandha", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 140, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "wa\u028ea {walya}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 140, "parent_pk": 12, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "yand1253", "ethnologue_code": "ynd", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Yandruwandha", "name": "Yandruwandha", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -28.4744, "longitude": 140.583}, "name": "Yandruwandha"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [140.583, -28.4744]}, "id": "Yandruwandha"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"pk": 15761, "ipa": "viapau ", "cognate_class": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lRotokas-0", "name": "viapau {viapau}", "description": "Firchow et al. 1973: 149, 339; Firchow & Firchow 2008: 76, 127. Polysemy \u2018no / not / nothing\u2019.", "markup_description": "Firchow et al. 1973: 149, 339; Firchow & Firchow 2008: 76, 127. Polysemy \u2018no / not / nothing\u2019.", "valueset_pk": 13920, "domainelement_pk": null, "frequency": null, "confidence": null, "domainelement": null, "valueset": {"pk": 13920, "jsondata": {}, "id": "cnot-lRotokas", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 141, "parameter_pk": 62, "contribution_pk": null, "source": null}}], "label": "viapau {viapau}", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSI0MCIgd2lkdGg9IjQwIj4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIyMCIgY3k9IjIwIiByPSIxNCIgc3R5bGU9ImZpbGw6I0ZGNjYwMDtzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7c3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoOjFweDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWNhcDpyb3VuZDtzdHJva2UtbGluZWpvaW46cm91bmQ7Ii8+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 141, "parent_pk": 13, "family_pk": null, "glottocode_": "roto1249", "ethnologue_code": "roo", "rich_description": null, "xls_url": null, "nex_url": null, "description_file_url": null, "level": "language", "jsondata": {}, "id": "Rotokas", "name": "Rotokas", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -5.94339, "longitude": 155.154}, "name": "Rotokas"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [155.154, -5.94339]}, "id": "Rotokas"}]}